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Biomedical subjects

M Kasai

Publications and source records attributed to M Kasai.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[A case of triple neoplasm with acute myelogenous leukemia, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and adenocarcinoma of the stomach].

A 70-year-old man had undergone middle and lower lobectomy of the right lung for pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in January 1979. He was treated with anticancer drugs including alkylating agents. In February 1983, he was diagnosed as AML (FAB, M2). Although cytoreduction effect was observed, he died of prolonged pneumonia on the 30th admission day. Autopsy revealed a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach (Borrman II type) and a poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma of the right hilar lymph node.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II study with methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU) in hematological malignancies].

Forty-two cases of hematological malignancy (18 cases of CML, three cases of polycythemia vera, 10 cases of malignant lymphoma and 11 cases of multiple myeloma) were treated with MCNU. The results obtained were as follows. MCNU was markedly effective on CML cases, being especially useful during the chronic phase, and a partial remission was observed in one of three patients with CML blastic crisis. A good response was observed in all cases with polycythemia vera. In some cases of malignant lymphoma, a fair response was observed. No response was observed in any of the cases of multiple myeloma. Myelosuppression was a major side effect of MCNU, but other side effects other than melena were not severe.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cell surface markers to monitor the process of visceral endoderm differentiation from embryonal carcinoma cells: identification of the stage sensitive to high concentration of retinoic acid.

Two cell surface antigens, brushin and FT-1 were effective in analysis of the process of visceral endoderm differentiation. Brushin was detected on both primitive and visceral endoderm, while FT-1 was detected only on visceral endoderm. When aggregates of N4-1 embryonal carcinoma cells were exposed to 10(-8) M-retinoic acid for more than 2 days, external cells differentiated to multilayered and vacuolized visceral endoderm. However, aggregates treated with 10(-6) M-retinoic acid developed an endoderm layer, which remained one cell thick and was not vacuolized. Cell surface properties of the endoderm cells indicated that the high concentration of retinoic acid inhibited the differentiation pathway at the stage between primitive endoderm cells and visceral endoderm cells. By pulsed exposure to 10(-6) M-retinoic acid, the period sensitive to the high concentration of retinoic acid was shown to be around day 4 after the initial exposure to retinoic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Correlation between the growth of transplantable tumors under protein deprivation and intratumoral amino acid concentration].

Nutritional restriction in the diet has a deleterious influence on tissue and transplantable tumor growths. Correlation between the growth of 81 B or MM 48 mammary tumors and intratumoral amino acid concentration was studied in syngeneic C3H/He mice fed a diet with a low (D) or normal (N) protein content. D-mice revealed a relatively longer lag phase than N-mice, but showed almost the same growth curve. Some kinds of amino acid, alanine, valin, glycine, and so on were recognized in D-mice tumors at higher levels more than in N-mice. In protein malnutrition, urea, the final amino acid degradation product, was not detected in the transplanted tumor or muscle of D-mice. The high tissue levels of alanine, glycine and glutamine are undoubtedly related to their participation in many metabolic reactions, so that they are readily and extensively synthesized. We speculate that D-mice would maintain an adequate intratumoral amino acid level through interorgan relationships in order for the transplanted tumor to grow.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Application of a potential difference to evaluate the absorptive faculty in the small intestine. The change of the transmural resistance and the transport system during post-natal development].

Presently there is no effective method for evaluating the intestinal absorption of sugar, amino acid and small peptide. Since the transmural potential difference (delta PD) is generated immediately when sugar, amino acid or small peptide are absorbed in the small intestine, we tried to utilize this potential difference for the evaluation of absorptive faculty. The delta PD is the product of influx and electrical transmural resistance. To evaluate the intestinal absorptive faculty by the delta PD it is necessary that the electrical resistance of the small intestine does not change throughout the life time and that sugars, amino acids and peptides are transported actively. In guinea pig, the electrical resistance of the small intestine was examined in postnatal development in vitro. Transport systems of sugars amino acid and peptide were also investigated. Through the entire life the electrical resistance of the small intestine remained at almost the same value and sugars and amino acid were completely transported actively from the birth. But small peptide was transported actively after the period of weanling. Evaluation of intestinal aborptive faculty of sugars, amino acids and small peptides is considered to be possible by the transmural potential difference.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The evaluation of the nutritional condition and the absorptive capacity in long-term follow-up of infants with short bowel syndrome].

The nutritional conditions and absorptive capacity of nine infants with short bowel syndrome were investigated during a long follow-up period from one and half years to 14 years and 7 months. The length of the residual small intestine ranged between 13 and 90cm. The nine infants had normal meals at home and did not suffer from persistent diarrhea. Most of the infants were thin. Nutritional conditions, for example, serum protein, triglycerides, vitamins, trace elements and plasma amino acids, were kept relatively well, and there were no symptoms of deficiency. The results of D-xylose absorption test had gradually improved but the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids observed by potential differences were within the normal limits or slightly subnormal except one infant. This indicated that the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids per a given area of the residual small intestine did not increase. From our examination the critical length of intestine might be in the neighborhood of 50cm. The infants left with less than 50cm of small intestine seem to have grown up normally but malabsorption of fat, sugars and bile acids have continued for many years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Application of a potential difference to evaluate the absorptive faculty in the small intestine. The changes in potential differences, uptake of sugars and amino acid and electrical transmural resistance in injured intestine].

Since there was no effective method for evaluating the absorptive capacity in the small intestine, we devised a test for evaluating the absorptive capacity with potential difference. Potential difference is provided by electrical resistance of intestine and flux of substances. Previously, we reported that the electrical resistance of the small intestine in the guinea pigs had changed very slightly throughout the entire life, and that sugars and neutral amino acids have been transported completely activity from the birth. In addition, potential difference of glycyl-glycine reflected the uptake of the intestine after the period of weanling. We experimentally studied the electrical transmural resistance and absorptive capacity of the small intestine with various damages to the small intestine by 5-Fu, ischemia and long fasting. Histologically, swelling of nucleus, intracellular edema, dilatation of capillary vein, dropping of epithelial cells, etc., were seen in these models. But the electrical resistance was slightly changed in 10% of the cases. Potential differences by sugars or neutral amino acid ingestion accurately reflected their real flux. These facts suggest that the potential differences deficiently reflect the uptake of sugars and amino acids in the small intestine under conditions with malabsorption.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Significance of active nutritional support for maintenance of immunopotentiation on the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer].

The correlation between nutrition and immunological potentiation on patients with cancer of the esophagus was investigated in preoperative and postoperative periods. Preoperative immunological status: These patients were already suffering from malnutrition, because of the impossibility of peros intake. Natural killer (NK) cell activity and interleukin-II inducing activity of peripheral mononuclear cells in the above patients were clearly lower than such activities of cells in the patients with breast cancer whose nutritional condition was as normal as that of healthy people. These two immunological parameters in the majority of the patients were improved by active total parenteral and enteral nutrition. However, there were a few patients whose nutritional status could not be improved. Postoperative immunological status: The movement of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulation was successively checked with several kinds of monoclonal antibodies such as OKT-3 (anti-T cells), Leu-7 (anti-NK cells), OKIa-1 (anti-B cells), OKT-4 (anti-inducer and/or suppressor T cells) and OKT-8 (suppressor and/or cytotoxic T cells). In nutritionally controlled patients, the population of OKT-3, Leu-7 and OKIa-1 showed a pattern similar to the preoperative value, but in undernourished patients, that population was disturbed soon after the operation. Patterns of OKT-4 and OKT-8 showed a converse correlation. Nearly two weeks after operation, all these five kinds of population had changed. Moreover, nitrogen balance recovered from negative to positive. The time of is thought to be the turning point of surgical metabolism and the immunological status.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Histochemical diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and 2 point rectal mucosal biopsies for selection of surgical treatment].

In order to establish the diagnostic criteria of Hirschsprung's disease by Ach. E. staining of rectal mucosal biopsy, we analysed the specimen obtained from 110 infants with abdominal distension and constipation. We found the pattern of nerve fiber proliferation was not uniform even in patients with Hirschsprung's disease. The pattern was classified into 4 types. I. total layer type (Typical type), II. lamina propria mucosal type, III. lamina submucosal type, and IV. lamina propria mucosal and lamina submucosal type. In case of types II, III, IV which do not show a typical finding, detection of Meissner's ganglion cells is the most important factor for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Since we confirmed that the Meissner's ganglion cells were always present at the level of just above to the dentate line of the rectum in the specimen of normal controls, we concluded that 5mm oral to the dentate line was the most appropriate position of the rectal mucosal biopsy for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease including patients with ultrashort segment aganglionosis. Two points rectal mucosal biopsies, namely, the biopsies from the site of 5mm and 5 cm oral to the dentate line, was useful for selection of surgical treatment in patients with short segment aganglionosis.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

Possible cancerous change of intraductal papillomas of the breast. A 3-D reconstruction study of 25 cases.

Surgical specimens from 25 patients with intraductal papilloma were subjected to 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction studies of their mammary ducts. Papillomas of the multiple type (15 cases) always originated in the terminal duct lobular units (TDLU), whereas all papillomas of the solitary type (10 cases) originated in the large ducts except for one. In 6 of the 25 (24%) patients ductal carcinomas were accidentally found during specimen reconstruction. Two of the six patients harbored microscopic carcinoma as small as 3 mm or less. Three-D reconstructions revealed that carcinomas with multifocal origins in the TDLUs were connected with peripheral papilloma. Papilloma preceding carcinoma was of the multiple type in five patients, and of the solitary type in one. This study also showed that 6 of the 16 (37.5%) patients with papilloma originating in the periphery had carcinomas, whereas none of the nine patients originating in the center did. This observation strongly suggests that the peripheral papilloma is highly susceptible to cancerous change.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A new differentiation antigen (FT-1) shared with fetal thymocytes and leukemic cells in the mouse.

A mouse monoclonal antibody (IgM) was obtained by cell hybridization between X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells and spleen cells from a BALB mouse that was immunized with GRSL leukemia cells of the GR strain. This antibody identified a unique fetal antigen, which is expressed exclusively on embryonic thymocytes of all strains tested. Therefore, the antigen defined was named fetal thymus antigen-1, FT-1. The proportion of FT-1+ fetal thymocytes detected by immunofluorescence assay sharply decreases as gestation time increases, and finally they disappear from the thymus. On the other hand, Thy-1+ cells increase in inverse proportion. The immunofluorescence studies and absorption tests showed that FT-1 antigen is not detectable on brain, liver, kidney, or lymphoid tissue cells of adult mice. However, it is expressed on some leukemia cells of various mouse strains, which demonstrated that this is the first example of an oncofetal antigen of a mouse leukemia. The molecular weight of FT-1 antigen on leukemia cells was estimated to be 130,000 by means of biosynthetic labeling with [3H]galactose and [35S]methionine. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pattern of FT-1 antigen shows a family of glycoproteins with extensive charge heterogeneity. It was also shown that the FT-1 antigen molecule carries the receptor for DBA lectin.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Serum vitamin E levels in children with corrected biliary atresia.

In 37 children with long-standing cholestasis who had undergone a Kasai's procedure (double Roux-en-Y hepatic portoenterostomy), serum vitamin E levels were determined. In addition, serum bile acid levels were simultaneously tested as a marker of cholestasis. Eighteen of 37 children had vitamin E levels of less than 0.50 mg/100 ml, and two showed neurological abnormalities including hypoactive deep tendon reflexes and ataxia. Serum vitamin E levels were inversely correlated with serum bile acid levels (p less than 0.01). Older patients have mild cholestasis and high serum vitamin E levels in comparison with younger ones. Improvement in bile excretion into the intestinal tract with age seemed to be responsible for an increase of serum vitamin E levels. Oral supplements of alpha-tocopherol in doses of 5 to 10 mg/kg/day were needed to maintain the normal serum vitamin E levels in postoperative infants.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1984

Effects of adenine nucleotides on the Ca2+-gated cation channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.

The effects of nucleotides on the Ca2+-gated cation channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles were studied by measuring choline influx. The choline influx was measured by following the change in scattered light intensity using the stopped flow technique. ATP enhanced the Ca2+-induced choline influx. The activation followed a single-site titration curve with a dissociation constant of 1.0 +/- 0.5 mM, independent of the Ca2+ concentration. ATP seems to increase the pore radius or number of channels without affecting the gating mechanism of the Ca2+-gated cation channel. ADP, AMP, and adenine enhanced the choline transport in a manner similar to ATP, but cAMP, ITP, UTP, CTP, and GTP did not. The apparent dissociation constants and the maximal activations were as follows: ATP 1.0 mM, 28-fold; ADP 0.9 mM, 18-fold; AMP 0.6 mM, 7-fold, and adenine 0.4 mM, 4-fold. Adenine and AMP behaved as a competitive inhibitor for the activation by ATP. These results are consistent with the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release observed in skinned muscle fiber and isolated SR.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1984

Tetraphenylboron increases choline permeability through a calcium release channel of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The lipophilic anion tetraphenylboron (TPB-) but not the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) increased the choline permeability of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Choline permeability was mainly measured by the stopped flow method by following the change in scattered light intensity. TPB- and TPP+ did not affect the choline permeabilities of liposomes, liver microsomes, or denatured SR vesicles. These phenomena are similar to the Ca2+ release phenomena activated by TPB- reported by Shoshan, MacLennan, and Wood (J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2837 (1983)). These results strongly suggest that TPB- activates a pre-existing channel of SR membrane and choline permeates through the same channel as that for the Ca2+ release. This channel is different from that for the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. The former is present in all of the vesicles formed by fragmented SR, while the latter is rich in the heavy fraction of fragmented SR and poor in the light fraction. The channel specificities for permeable ions are different from each other. For example, the latter passes Tris+ but the former does not. The physiological role of this channel is not clear at present.

Animals↗