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Biomedical subjects

M Kaneko

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaneko.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Role of radiotherapy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland.

This report analyzes 61 patients with mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary gland treated by surgery alone or by surgery plus radiotherapy. Local control for all 61 patients at 5 and 10 years was achieved for 88.8 and 79.7% of the cases. Although the rate of positive surgical margin was higher in patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy (radiotherapy group) than in patients treated by surgery alone (surgery group), the local control rates of the two groups showed no statistically significant differences. There was no local recurrence in seven patients receiving post-operative radiotherapy above 55 Gy while there were three local relapses among 17 patients receiving 55 Gy or lower doses (P < 0.05). The 5- and 10-year actual survival rates were 73.4 and 63.3% respectively. Histopathologic subtype of mucoepidermoid carcinomas correlated with regional lymph node involvement and survival. There were no differences in the local control and survival rates of patients with major salivary gland tumors and patients with minor salivary gland tumors. Radiotherapy using 55 Gy or more combined with operation achieved local control and survival rates comparable with complete resection of tumors even if a positive surgical margin was more frequent in the radiotherapy groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A single cell model of myocardial reperfusion injury: changes in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.

To investigate the contribution of the changes in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations ([Na+]i and [Ca2+]i) to myocardial reperfusion injury, we made an ischemia/reperfusion model in intact guinea pig myocytes. Myocardial ischemia was simulated by the perfusion of metabolic inhibitors (3.3 mM amobarbital and 5 microM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone) with pH 6.6 and reperfusion was achieved by the washout of them with pH 7.4. [Na+]i increased from 7.9 +/- 2.0 to 14.0 +/- 3.4 mM (means +/- S.E., p < 0.01 ) during 7.5 min of simulated ischemia (SI) and increased further to 18.8 +/- 3.0 mM at 7.5 min after reperfusion. [Ca2+]i, expressed as the ratio of fluo 3 fluorescence intensity, increased to 133 +/- 8% (p < 0.01) during SI and gradually returned to the control level after reperfusion. Intracellular pH decreased from 7.53 +/- 0.04 to 6.31 +/- 0.04 (p < 0.01) and recovered quickly after reperfusion. Reperfusion with the acidic solution or the continuous perfusion of hexamethylene amiloride (2 microM) prevented the reperfusion-induced increase in [Na+]i. When the duration of SI was prolonged to 15 min, the cell response after reperfusion varied, 16 of 37 cells kept quiescent, 21 cells showed spontaneous Ca2+ waves, and 4 cells out of these 21 cells became hypercontracted. In quiescent cells, both [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i decreased immediately after reperfusion. In cells with Ca2+ waves, [Na+]i transiently increased further at the early phase of reperfusion, while [Ca2+]i declined. In hypercontracted cells, [Na+]i increased as much as in 'Ca2+ wave' cells, but [Ca2+]i increased extensively and both ion concentrations continued to increase. Reperfusion with the Ca2+-free solution prevented both the [Ca2+]i increase and morphological change. In the presence of ryanodine (10 microM), the increase in [Ca2+]i after reperfusion was augmented and some cells became hypercontracted. We concluded that (1) Na+/H+ exchange is active both during SI and reperfusion, resulting in the additional [Na+]i elevation on reperfusion, (2) the [Na+]i level after reperfusion and the following Ca2+ influx via Na+/Ca2+ exchange are crucial for reperfusion cell injury, and (3) the Ca2+ buffering capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum would also contribute to the Ca2+ regulation and cell injury after reperfusion.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1999

WASP is involved in proliferation and differentiation of human haemopoietic progenitors in vitro.

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, immunodeficiency and eczema. X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) is a mild form of WAS with isolated thrombocytopenia. Both phenotypes are caused by mutation of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) gene. In this study we investigated the role of WASP in the differentiation of CD34-positive (CD34+) cells isolated from the bone marrow of patients with WAS (n = 5) or with XLT (n = 4). Megakaryocyte colony formation was significantly decreased in patients with WAS when compared with normal controls. The formation of granulocyte-macrophage colonies and erythroid bursts were also decreased in WAS patinets. In contrast, in XLT patients, formation of all these colonies was normal. However, in vitro proplatelet formation of megakaryocytes induced by thrombopoietin was markedly decreased in both XLT and WAS. Electron microscopic examination revealed that megakaryocytes obtained from WAS or XLT patients grown in vitro had abnormal morphologic features, which seemed to be caused by defective actin cytoskeletal organization, including labyrinth-like structures of the demarcation membrane system and deviated distribution of the alpha-granules and demarcation membrane system. These observations indicate that WASP is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of CD34+ haemopoietic progenitor cells probably by its participation in signal transduction and in the regulation of the cytoskeleton.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of twice-daily administration of interferon-beta for chronic hepatitis C.

To improve the efficacy of interferon (IFN) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, administration of IFN-beta twice per day was evaluated. Thirty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis C (26 males and 12 females, aged 25-67 years) were included. Patients were treated with a new protocol that included twice-daily treatment with IFN-beta. Three million units (MU) of IFN-beta was administered twice daily every day for 4 weeks followed by 10 MU of IFN-alpha2b, every day for 2 weeks and then three times a week for 18 weeks (total IFN-beta, 148 MU; IFN-alpha2b, 680 MU). Complete responders (CR) were defined by alanine aminotransferase levels that normalized within 6 months after completion of IFN therapy and remained normal for more than 6 months, and by serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels that became negative as determined using the Amplicor assay. Twenty-one of 38 (55.3%) patients were CR. Nine of 21 (42.9%) patients with HCV serotype 1 were responders compared with nine of 12 (75.0%) patients with HCV serotype 2. In patients with an HCV titre greater than 1 million equivalents ml-1 (1 MEq ml-1), nine of 24 (37.5%) responded, and in patients with HCV titres less than 1 MEq ml-1, 12 of 14 (85.7%) responded. In patients with HCV serotype 1 and greater than 1 MEq ml-1 HCV RNA, four of 15 (26.7%) responded to IFN. Two-thirds (66.7%) of the patients who became negative for HCV RNA after 2 weeks of therapy responded, while 72.7% of those with positive HCV RNA after 2 weeks of therapy were non-responders. Proteinuria was frequently observed as an adverse effect of twice-daily administration of IFN-beta. The combination of twice-daily administration of IFN-beta for 4 weeks followed by IFN-alpha showed a high response rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C, but in patients with both serotype 1 and a high titre of HCV RNA, response rates were still low. Thus, the HCV RNA titre 2 weeks after starting therapy with IFN was useful for predicting the eventual response to IFN.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Case report: Occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma 4.5 years after successful treatment with virus clearance for chronic hepatitis C.

A 67-year-old man with hepatitis C virus infection and histological features of chronic active hepatitis was treated with human recombinant interferon alpha-2b. He responded successfully to interferon with normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase and continuous eradication of hepatitis C virus. However, 4.5 years after the end of interferon therapy, hepatocellular carcinoma, 20 mm in diameter, was detected by routine ultrasonographic screening. The patient underwent surgical treatment for resection of the hepatocellular carcinoma. The non-cancerous liver tissue was histologically normal. This suggests that patients who have shown a complete response to interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C should be followed up closely.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

A methodological inquiry into the evaluation of smoking cessation programmes.

This paper examines a methodological controversy and aims to show the advantages of introducing an alternative methodological approach, i.e. the 'scientific realist approach', into evaluation studies on health education programmes for smoking cessation. The methodological difficulties of the existing standard evaluation model, i.e. the quasi-experimental approach, are examined. This model fails to investigate how the programme setting influences outcomes (context problem) and draws attention away from understanding why programmes work because it adopts a 'successionist' logic (causation problem). An alternative methodology, the scientific realist approach, is proposed in order to cope with such problems. This approach adopts the 'generative' logic which looks at the matter of causation internally. This logic posits that the working of underlying mechanisms within a more basic level of reality causes relationships between visible events. According to the scientific realist approach, the actual outcomes of smoking cessation programmes follow from the workings of potential mechanisms whose functioning is afforded by contexts conducive to their operation.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Establishment of nurse-like stromal cells from bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: indication of characteristic bone marrow microenvironment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the microenvironment of bone marrow (BM) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Nurse cell-like BM stromal cell lines were established from BM mononuclear cells of patients with RA. We examined the various characteristics of these cell lines, including morphology, pseudoemperipolesis activity, cell surface markers, cytokine production and hyaluronan (HA) production. RESULTS: These RA BM nurse cell-like lines (RA-BMNC) were of mesenchymal origin and positive for CD44, CD54 and HLA-DR. They were defined as nurse cells because of pseudoemperipolesis activity that allowed lymphocytes to migrate underneath. RA-BMNC lines produced HA and multiple cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). HA production by BM stromal cells was correlated with pseudoemperipolesis activity. RA-BMNC produced significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF by co-culture with lymphocytes. The cells also produced IL-1beta, G-CSF and tumour necrosis factor only when co-cultured with lymphocytes. The RA-BMNC maintained the growth of CD14+ myeloid cells unique to severe RA. CONCLUSION: The present results both indicate that RA-BMNC are nurse cells and suggest that they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1999

Detection failures in spiral CT screening for lung cancer: analysis of CT findings.

PURPOSE: To clarify the computed tomographic (CT) findings and the progression of minute lung cancers that were missed at initial spiral CT screening but were later detected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The findings from seven patients with lung cancer that was missed at the initial spiral CT screening were reviewed. Retrospective CT findings, time to detection, cell type, and pathologic stage were evaluated. RESULTS: Minute lung cancers missed at early spiral CT included a nodule among the shadows of old tuberculosis (n = 2), a faint nodule with high attenuation in the center of the nodule (n = 1), an increase in attenuation just adjacent to an axial peripheral pulmonary vessel (n = 1) and adjacent to a craniocaudal peripheral pulmonary vessel (n = 1), and a minute faint nodule (n = 2). The time to detection ranged from 6 to 18 months. At pathologic examination, six cancers were stage I, and one was stage II. CONCLUSION: Minute nodules of lung cancer that are near the threshold of detectability may be missed at spiral CT screening. It is important to examine noncalcified nodules with thin-section CT even when lesions from prior disease, such as those from old tuberculosis, exist and to evaluate the shadows of pulmonary vessels carefully. A follow-up examination is highly recommended.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of hepatitis G virus in liver disease.

The prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) in liver disease of non-A, -B, -C viral hepatitis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C was determined. Two of 44 patients (4.5%) with liver injury without any hepatitis A, B or C marker were positive for HGV. One of five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma was positive for HGV. One of three cases with fulminant hepatitis was positive for HGV. This case was negative at the onset of fulminant hepatitis and became positive after plasmapheresis. No patient with acute (n=8) or chronic (n=5) hepatitis or liver cirrhosis (n=8) was positive for HGV in non-A, -B, -C liver disease. One of 30 patients with various HBV-positive liver diseases and nine (17.3) of 52 patients with type C liver disease were positive for HGV. In patients with hepatitis C, four (28.6%) of 14 HGV-co-infected patients were complicated with diabetes mellitus compared with four (10.5%) of 38 single hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients (not significant). In 12 HGV-positive patients, eight of 10 (80%) had a history of blood transfusion. In HCV-positive patients, co-infection with HGV was not a risk factor in patients with diabetes mellitus as a complication. HGV appeared to cause non-A, -B, -C hepatitis rarely, and its main route of infection was blood transfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Long-term survivors of advanced neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification: A report of 19 patients surviving disease-free for more than 66 months.

PURPOSE: According to initial reports, stage 4 neuroblastoma patients with amplification of the MYCN proto-oncogene developed progressive disease within 8 months. The prognosis for such patients, however, should now be reevaluated in light of recent results achieved with up-to-date combination chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with stage 3, 4, and 4S neuroblastoma and more than 10 copies of MYCN received induction chemotherapy, which from January 1985 to February 1991 consisted of regimen A(1 )(cyclophosphamide 1,200 mg/m(2) on day 1, vincristine 1.5 mg/m(2) on day 1, pirarubicin 40 mg/m(2) on day 3, and cisplatin 90 mg/m(2) on day 5) and from March 1991 to September 1993 consisted of regimen A(3 )(cyclophosphamide 1,200 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2, pirarubicin 40 mg/m(2) on day 3, etoposide 100 mg/m(2) on days 1 through 5, and continuous infusion cisplatin 25 mg/m(2) on days 1 through 5). Most of these patients underwent radical surgery to remove the original tumor and local metastases, irradiation, and supralethal preconditioning regimens, followed by blood stem-cell transplantation (SCT). Data on the patients were collected in December 1998, and the factors contributing to disease-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 66 patients with more than 10 copies of MYCN were treated. Five of nine patients with stage 3 disease, 13 of 55 with stage 4, and one of two with stage 4S survived for at least 66 months. It is interesting that all but one patient who survived for more than 66 months underwent SCT, in contrast with only five of 45 patients who died. CONCLUSION: Not all patients with advanced neuroblastoma who have more than 10 copies of MYCN will die. The requisites for survival in such patients seem to be intensive induction chemotherapy, effective surgery, irradiation, and the use of SCT.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1999

Sex-dependent pharmacokinetics and in vitro reductive metabolism of acetohexamide in Wistar-Imamichi rats.

A significant sex-related difference was observed for the pharmacokinetics of acetohexamide in Wistar-Imamichi (Wistar-IM) rats. However, there was no sex difference of the in vitro reductive metabolism of acetohexamide in the liver or kidney of these rats. Testectomy was found to decrease the plasma clearance (CLp) of acetohexamide in male rats, whereas ovariectomy had no effect on the CLp of acetohexamide in female animals, suggesting that androgens regulate the pharmacokinetics of acetohexamide. The co-administration of sulfamethazine, which is known to be metabolized by a male-specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform (CYP2C11), significantly decreased the CLp of acetohexamide in male Wistar-IM rats. Based on these results, it is reasonable to assume that the sex-dependent pharmacokinetics of acetohexamide observed in Wistar-IM rats is associated with the male-specific hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2C11.

Acetohexamide↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of the pancreas: a comparison of single thick-slice MR cholangiopancreatography with multiple thin-slice volume reconstruction MR cholangiopancreatography.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess abilities of single thick-slice MR cholangiopancreatography and multiple thin-slice multiprojection volume reconstruction (MPVR) MR cholangiopancreatography to evaluate diseases in and around the pancreas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine patients underwent both single and MPVR MR cholangiopancreatography using a single-shot fast spin-echo technique. Image quality (five-point scale), visualization of the common bile and pancreatic ducts (three-point scale), stenotic, dilatational, or cystic changes of the pancreatic ducts, and other pathologic findings were evaluated. RESULTS: Image quality was high for single and MPVR MR cholangiopancreatography (4.1+/-0.7 and 4.5+/-0.6, respectively). Misregistration was noted in 19 patients with MPVR MR cholangiopancreatography. Ducts on and around the greater duodenal papilla and the common bile duct were revealed better using MPVR than single MR cholangiopancreatography (p < .05). Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of stenosis of the main pancreatic ducts were 83.3%, 93.6%, and 88.8%, respectively, using single MR cholangiopancreatography and 76.2%, 97.9%, 87.6%, respectively, using MPVR MR cholangiopancreatography. Dilatation of the pancreatic ducts (100%) and cystic changes (n = 17 and n = 19, respectively) were well seen using either single or MPVR MR cholangiopancreatography. Although stenotic changes of the nondilated main pancreatic ducts and their branches were difficult to evaluate using single (62.5% and 14.3%, respectively) or MPVR (43.8% and 21.4%, respectively) MR cholangiopancreatography, single MR cholangiopancreatography better depicted ductal continuity. CONCLUSION: For evaluation of the pancreas, single and MPVR MR cholangiopancreatography provide complementary data; thus, we recommend using a combination of these two MR cholangiopancreatography techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Inhibition of eosinophil infiltration into the mouse peritoneal cavity by a traditional Chinese medicine, Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (Japanese name: Hochu-ekki-to).

Our previous study showed that the serum level of antigen-specific IgE antibodies in primary response was decreased by a traditional Chinese medicine, Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (Japanese name; Hochu-ekki-to, HOT). In this study, we examined inhibition of secondary IgE response and of eosinophil infiltration by HOT. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally immunized with aluminum hydroxide adsorbed with DNP-KLH (DNP-KLH + alum) on day -14 and on day 0. In mice treated with HOT daily from day -14, the serum level of antigen-specific IgE antibodies after the secondary immunization was significantly decreased compared to that in mice not treated with HOT. Eosinophils increased in number after 6 and 24 hr, and CD4+ T cells in the peritoneal cavity increased in number 24 hr after the secondary immunization. HOT suppressed accumulation of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells in the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, HOT suppressed the numbers of IL-4- and IL-5-producing cells 24 hr after the secondary immunization, but did not inhibit the number of IFN-gamma-producing cells. HOT also suppressed IL-5 mRNA expression. Furthermore, HOT also inhibited antigen-induced late-phase reaction (LPR) in the skin. These results suggested that HOT exhibited anti-allergic effects mainly by inhibiting Th2 cell responses.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1999

Rapid decalcification using microwaves for in situ hybridization in skeletal tissues.

In situ hybridization histochemistry is the sole tool available for detecting the localization and expression of specific RNA on histological sections under various in vivo conditions. For this paper, we examined the effect of microwave exposure on the time needed for decalcification of skeletal tissues and on the preservation of sensitivity for hybridization signals. Our data show that the use of microwave decalcification reduces the decalcification period while preserving intense hybridization signals for mouse alpha1 chain of procollagen type I mRNA in osteogenic cells in bone. The use of microwave treatment to decalcify skeletal tissues may prevent delay in obtaining experimental results or the loss of signals during in situ hybridization.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The correlation between feed-intake cycle and nutritional zinc-deficient status in rats.

The characteristic cyclic variation in feed intake of rats fed a Zn-deficient diet (Mills et al, Am J Clin Nutr 22: 1240-1249 (1969)) followed a Cosinor curve, as determined by computer analysis (Tamaki et al, Br J Nutr 73: 711-722 (1995)). The values of amplitude for the feed-intake cycle had a positive correlation to their own day-to-day variations and to the correlation value of their own simulated cycles (r2 = 0.764, df = 50, p < 0.001 and r2 = 0.682, df = 50, p < 0.001, respectively). The cyclic variation in feed intake was accompanied by a cyclic variation in body-weight change in rats fed the Zn-deficient diet, and cyclic variation in body-weight change occurred similarly in pair-fed control rats. There were no differences in the mesors of body-weight change cycles of Zn-deficient rats and pair-fed control rats (Zn-deficient rats: 2.5 +/- 1.0 g/d, pair-fed rats: 2.8 +/- 1.0 g/d, mean +/- SD, df = 18, t = -0.674, ND). Rats fed the Zn-deficient diet were given different amounts of Zn supplementation by daily subcutaneous injection. The amplitude of the feed-intake cycle was decreased with increasing Zn supplementation (r2 = 0.919, df = 5, p < 0.001). The concentration of Zn for the appearance of the feed-intake cycle was estimated to be 71.6 +/- 6.6 micrograms/d per rat. The Zn level in the serum showed a significant decrease in the Zn-deficient diet groups, but the supplement of Zn did not vary in the Zn-deficient rats injected with up to 47.3 micrograms/d per rat. From these results, an analysis of the feed-intake cycle allowed us to estimate the quantitative Zn-deficient status of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of granisetron in children undergoing high-dose chemotherapy: a multi-institutional, cross-over study.

The efficacy of granisetron hydrochloride 20 microg/kg and 40 microg/kg were compared using a cross-over method to determine the optimal dose in children with solid tumors receiving high-dose chemotherapy. Granisetron controlled the onset of vomiting in 17 of 23 patients (73.9%) who were given 40 microg/kg of granisetron, while 8 of 21 patients (38.1%) were free of vomiting in the 20 microg/kg group. The average frequency of vomiting was 7.22 times in the 20 microg/kg dose versus 4.44 times in the 40 microg/kg dose. No safety problems were associated with either dose. The 40 microg/kg dose of granisetron appears to be more optimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[CT analysis of mucosal surface dose in intraluminal irradiation for esophageal cancer].

PURPOSE: Balloon applicators are generally used in intraluminal irradiation for esophageal cancer. CT exhibits a distortion of the applicator during treatment. Because little attention has been paid to dose non-uniformity in the esophageal mucosa, we analyzed mucosal surface dose using CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with esophageal cancer treated with a double-lumen balloon applicator (balloon length: 15 cm, diameter: 20 mm) were evaluated. Reference dose was prescribed at 5 mm under the mucosal surface. Mucosal surface points were determined from CT images, and relative surface dose to reference dose was calculated. Hot and cold spots were defined respectively, as dose points receiving at least 200% and less than 100% of the reference dose. RESULTS: The mean mucosal dose ranged from 138% to 174%. Mucosal dose was distributed widely from 100% to 199% in 94% of all patients. Hot and cold spots accounted for 5.3% and 0.7% of mucosal dose points, respectively. CONCLUSION: 1) CT analysis exhibited the inhomogeneity of esophageal mucosal dose in intraluminal irradiation. 2) At present, it is acceptable to prescribe the reference dose at 5 mm under the esophageal surface. 3) Balloon applicators should be improved to achieve dose uniformity in the esophageal mucosa.

Aged↗