Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Kaneko

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaneko.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Rapid development of brain hypothermia using femoral-carotid bypass.

OBJECTIVES: Advances in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation have led to an increasing number of patients initially surviving sudden cardiac arrest. Unfortunately, most of these patients do not recover from the resultant anoxic brain insult. Several animal and human trials have suggested that post-resuscitative brain hypothermia may improve neurologic recovery after cardiopulmonary arrest. Present cooling methods are slow, induce only brain surface cooling, or result in systemic hypothermia. The authors tested the hypothesis that unilateral hypothermic carotid bypass would induce bilateral brain cooling without evoking systemic hypothermia or hemodynamic instability. METHODS: Anesthetized, ventilated common swine (n = 6, 24-37 kg) underwent right femoral and carotid artery bypass cannulation. Central and peripheral hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 2 minutes throughout the procedure. Thermodynamic parameters included bilateral frontal lobe, bilateral nasopharyngeal, pulmonary artery, and rectal temperatures. Hypothermic femoral-carotid bypass was accomplished by drawing blood from the right femoral artery, cooling it to 24 degrees C, and returning it to the right carotid artery at a flow rate of 5 mL/kg/min for 30 minutes. RESULTS: With initiation of cooling, brain temperatures dropped rapidly from baseline of 37.2 degrees C to 30.6 degrees C (right frontal lobe) and 33.1 degrees C (left frontal lobe) at 30 minutes. Pulmonary artery and rectal temperatures also decreased, but never reached mild hypothermic levels (34 degrees C). There was no significant change in any hemodynamic parameters during brain cooling. CONCLUSIONS: Femoral-carotid hypothermic bypass rapidly induced a state of selective brain hypothermia without causing systemic hypothermia or hemodynamic instability.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Cerebral aneurysms associated with Behçet's disease: a case report.

Cerebral aneurysms in Behçet's disease are very rare. The role of vasculitis in the aetiology of these aneurysms has not been clarified. A 57 year old man with Behçet's disease is described, who had a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of a peripheral middle cerebral artery aneurysm. He underwent a successful aneurysmal clipping. Three years later he had seizures and was found to have a new aneurysm on the contralateral peripheral middle cerebral artery as well as some radiological features of vasculitis. After 3 months of steroid therapy, the aneurysm disappeared. Although surgical treatment is the first choice for ruptured aneurysms, steroid therapy may be effective for unruptured small aneurysms in patients with Behçet's disease.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

Constituents of holothuroidea. 10. Isolation and structure of a biologically active ganglioside molecular species from the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota.

Three ganglioside molecular species, HLG-1 (1), HLG-2 (2), and HLG-3 (3) have been obtained from the lipid fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. The structures of these gangliosides have been determined, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, as 1-O-[(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (1), 1-O-[(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->4)-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (2) and 1-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->11)-(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-neuraminosyl)-(2-->4)-(N-aetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (3). The ceramide moieties were composed of heterogeneous phytosphingosine, sphingosine and 2-hydroxy fatty acid units. Compounds 2 and 3 represent new ganglioside molecular species. These three ganglioside molecular species showed neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12 cell, in the presence of NGF (nerve growth factor).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Mechanism of atropine-resistant contraction induced by Dai-kenchu-to in guinea pig ileum.

To clarify the contractile mechanism of Dai-kenchu-to, the effects of hydroxy beta-sanshool (an ingredient of Zanthoxylum fruit), Zanthoxylum fruit (a constituent herb of Dai-kenchu-to) and Dai-kenchu-to were studied in mucosa-free longitudinal muscle of guinea pig ileum. Hydroxy beta-sanshool at 10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml induced dose-related contractions accompanied by autonomous contraction and produced an initial contraction at a concentration of 10(-4) g/ml or more. The contraction induced by hydroxy beta-sanshool (10(-5) g/ml) was significantly inhibited by tetrodotoxin or the capsaicin-receptor antagonist capsazepine. Although atropine or the substance P antagonist spantide tended to inhibit the contraction, a combination of atropine and spantide almost abolished the contraction by hydroxy beta-sanshool. The P2-purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid did not affect hydroxy beta-sanshool-induced contraction in the presence or absence of spantide. The tonic contractions by Zanthoxylum fruit (2 x 10(-4) g/ml) and Dai-kenchu-to (10(-3) g/ml) were significantly inhibited or tended to be inhibited by atropine, spantide, tetrodotoxin or capsazepine and were remarkably suppressed by the combination of atropine and spantide. These results suggested that acetylcholine release from intrinsic cholinergic nerves and tachykinins from sensory neurons are involved in the contractions induced by hydroxy beta-sanshool and that tachykinins may be involved in the atropine-resistant contraction by Dai-kenchu-to.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Cilnidipine is as effective as benazepril for control of blood pressure and proteinuria in hypertensive patients with benign nephrosclerosis.

To investigate the beneficial effects of cilnidipine, a calcium channel blocker that shows high selectivity for N-type receptors, on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency, we compared the efficacy of cilnidipine to that of benazepril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with known renal protective effects, in a one-year trial evaluating hypertensive control, serum creatinine, and albuminuria in a cohort of patients. Given the seeming importance of the etiology of chronic renal insufficiency in determining drug efficacy, we limited our study to 20 patients with a single common condition, benign nephrosclerosis. The average age of the patients was 62+/-4 years old. The changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over the course of the study year revealed a similar reduction with cilnidipine and benazepril. Both cilnidipine and benazepril induced similar reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over the course of the study year. The baseline levels of serum creatinine were 1.40+/-0.2 mg/dl and urinary excretion of albumin was 168+/-10 mg daily. The levels of serum creatinine were not significantly changed throughout the study in either group, although the levels of urinary excretion of albumin were significantly decreased in both groups. There were no significant differences in either of these values between the two groups. In conclusion, both cilnidipine and benazepril equally and effectively reduced blood pressure and albuminuria in hypertensive patients with benign nephrosclerosis in a one-year trial.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed2001

Fish meal vs. corn gluten meal as a protein source for dry cat food.

To compare the effects of two dietary protein sources, fish meal (FM) and corn gluten meal (CGM), fecal moisture content, nitrogen balance and urinary excretion were examined in adult cats. The dietary protein source did not cause a significant difference in daily food intake, water intake, urine volume, dry matter digestibility or urinary nitrogen excretion, but fecal moisture content was lower (P<0.02) in the CGM group. The HCl-insoluble fraction of urinary sediment tended to be higher in the CGM group (P<0.10), although urinary pH was similar in the two groups. These results suggest that CGM is comparable with FM in respect to nutritional value and the urine acidifying effect, but FM may be preferable to CGM for the prevention of constipation and struvite urolithiasis in cats.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Surfactant lavage and replacement in meconium aspiration syndrome with pulmonary hemorrhage.

We reported two case studies of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) with pulmonary hemorrhage in which we applied surfactant lavage and replacement. Surfactant lavage and replacement of MAS with pulmonary hemorrhage appears to be effective and safe adjunctive therapy. The relatively small replacement doses of surfactant required may be attributed to surfactant lavage followed by surfactant replacement. We suggest that surfactant lavage and replacement of MAS with pulmonary hemorrhage should be further investigated by a randomized controlled trial.

Hemorrhage↗
PubMed2001

[Method-performance studies of notified analytical method for fenbutatin oxide and cyhexatin].

Method-performance studies were conducted for the notified revised analytical method of fenbutatin oxide (FBTO) and cyhexatin (CHT). FBTO and CHT spiked into rice, soybeans, spinach, orange, tea powder and tea extract at the level of 0.5 microgram/g for FBTO and 0.1 microgram/g for CHT were analyzed in replicate in 6 laboratories. Means recoveries of FBTO were 85.2-96.5% and those of CHT were 83.5-89.2% except from soybeans (46.5%). Repeatability relative standard deviation values of FBTO and CHT in each crop were in the ranges of 2.3-9.4% and 3.2-6.3%, respectively. Reproducibility relative standard deviations were 3.9-12.6% for FBTO and 8.3-12.9% for CHT. Detection limits were 0.015-0.05 microgram/g for FBTO and 0.005-0.02 microgram/g for CHT.

Food Analysis↗
PubMed2001

[Method-performance studies of notified analytical method for inabenfide].

Method-performance studies were conducted for the notified revised analytical method of inabenfide in unpolished rice. Six laboratories analyzed unpolished rice spiked with 0.05 microgram/g of inabenfide in replicate. Mean recovery from rice was 85.0%. Repeatability relative standard deviation value was 4.2% and reproducibility relative standard deviation value was 8.1%. The detection limits were 0.002-0.01 microgram/g.

Isonicotinic Acids↗
PubMed2001

[Method-performance studies of notified analytical method for chinomethionat].

Method-performance studies were conducted for the notified revised analytical method of chinomethionat in agricultural products by interlaboratory study. Six laboratories analyzed unpolished rice, cabbage, squash, lettuce and orange spiked with 0.1 microgram/g of chinomethionat in replicate. Mean values of recovery from the 5 crops ranged from 90.2 to 100.5%. Repeatability relative standard deviations ranged from 4.4 to 7.7% and reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 10.9 to 17.1%. The detection limits were 0.003-0.012 microgram/g.

Brassica↗
PubMed2001

Frequent deletions and mutations of the beta-catenin gene are associated with overexpression of cyclin D1 and fibronectin and poorly differentiated histology in childhood hepatoblastoma.

Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is the most common malignant liver tumor in young children. Recent reports have shown that the beta-catenin gene was frequently mutated or deleted in HBLS: To elucidate the role of beta-catenin abnormalities in HBLs, we searched for mutations of beta-catenin and APC as well as expression of the target genes, cyclin D1, c-myc, and fibronectin, in 68 primary HBLS: The mutation analysis revealed that 44 (65%) tumors carried missense mutations or deletions of beta-catenin, all of which were somatic and targeted to the exon 3 encoding the amino acid residues involved in its degradation. However, no loss of function mutation of the APC gene was detected by the yeast functional assay. Of interest, beta-catenin mutation was significantly correlated with overexpression of the target genes, cyclin D1 and fibronectin, but not with that of c-myc in HBLs as measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. The immunohistochemical studies in 15 HBLs demonstrated that the nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of beta-catenin was positive in 13 tumors, 9 of which had the deletion or mutation of the gene. The significant correlation between the beta-catenin gene abnormality and the positive staining of cyclin D1 was also confirmed. Furthermore, the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin was strongly associated with the poorly differentiated tumor cell components as well as with the positive staining of cyclin D1 within the tumor. Thus, our present results suggested that the gain of function mutation of beta-catenin played a crucial role in the malignant progression of HBL in vivo.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein↗
PubMed2001

The effect of temperature on the efficacy of ozonation for inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.

Examination of the effects of water temperature on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with ozone, ozonation experiments were conducted in a semi-batch mode with a wide temperature range of 3-30 degrees C. Inactivation was assessed in terms of mice infectivity and in vitro excystation. The temperature dependency of the CT products by a reduction in infectivity of 2 log10 could be described successfully by the Arrhenius equation, 1/CT = 1.086 x 10(18)e-12520/K where CT is the integrated ozone concentration over the contact time (mg/min/L) and K is the Kelvin temperature of water. As for the reduction in viability assessed by the excystation assay, protocol B, the obtained regression equation, 1/CT = 1.802 x 10(18)e-12640/K, was almost identical to that observed for the infectivity. Thus, the CT products required for a 2 log10 reduction in both infectivity and viability increased by an average factor of 4.2 for every 10 degrees C decrease in water temperature. Additionally, our findings suggested that the viability, as determined by protocol B, could substitute for animal infectivity in evaluating the effects of environmental factors on the efficacy of ozonation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Behaviour of pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis in small domestic sewage treatment apparatus ("Johkasou").

"Johkasou" is a small sewage treatment apparatus commonly used in Japan which can effectively treat domestic wastewater in places where a public sewage system is difficult to supply. The behaviour of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157 and Salmonella enteritidis in a "Johkasou" was studied. Their reduction rates depended significantly on the water temperature in the "Johkasou" with minimal decrease in numbers at 10 degrees C within 48 h. The reduction rates increased at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C where 4 log reduction could be expected. The reduction rates were influenced by the BOD of the solutions that contained the pathogens with the lower the BOD the higher the reduction rate. The reduction rates were about the same between both pathogens. The result showed that it was necessary to disinfect the effluent as some pathogens can pass through the apparatus when some users of the apparatus excrete pathogens.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2001

[A girl with chief compliance of "easy to forget"--cognitive neuropsychological evaluations and cerebral blood flow].

Cognitive-neuropsychological evaluations were performed on a 12-year-old girl with memory disorder to study the higher brain function of this patient. The cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) was also studied. The results showed that the auditory-verbal memory of this patient were impaired. The regional cerebral blood flow was reduced in the left hippocampus which reportedly cause memory disorder. The disturbance of visual cognition and disability of construction in this patient seem to be related to reduced cerebral blood flow in the left parietal region.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed2001

[Scotopic threshold response in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with good HbA1c level and ophthalmoscopically intact fundus].

PURPOSE: To evaluate behavior of the scotopic threshold response(STR) and the oscillatory potentials(OPs) of the electroretinogram in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients without retinal abnormalities. METHODS: The STR and the OP 1-3 were recorded from 15 eyes of 15 NIDDM patients aged from 45 to 63 years old with good HbA1c level and ophthalmoscopically intact fundus. As a control group, 8 eyes of 8 age-matched normal subjects were used. The amplitude and the implicit time of the STR as well as the amplitudes and the peak latencies of OP 1-3 were measured. RESULTS: The mean amplitude and the mean implicit time of the STR in the NIDDM group did not differ significantly from those in the control group. The mean amplitudes and the mean peak latencies of the OP 1-3 also showed no significant differences between the NIDDM and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The STR in NIDDM patients remains normal with good HbA1c level and ophthalmoscopically intact fundus.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed2001

[Bone marrow plays an important role in joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

In iliac bone marrow the absolute number of mononuclear cells (MNCs) was increased in RA patients compared with the non-RA controls. In CD8 positive cell and myeloid cell fractions, significant differences were recognized between RA patients and non-RA controls. The presence of abnormal myeloid lineage cells in epiphyseal bone marrow adjacent to joints affected with severe RA was shown. Stroma cell lines from RA bone marrow with nursing activity were established and shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis in RA bone marrow. Histologic study also shows that subchondral region expressing tissue-damaging proteinases plays an important role in joint destruction in RA.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2000

Computed tomography screening for lung carcinoma in Japan.

BACKGROUND: In Japan, lung carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Adenocarcinoma accounts for roughly half of all lung carcinomas. Earlier detection of lung carcinoma is expected to reduce mortality rates. Computed tomography (CT) provides higher contrast resolution and greater visualization of chest compartments that are difficult to view with chest radiography, such as the mediastinum. CT further permits the detection of minute peripheral nodules. At present, several institutions and research groups are evaluating the utility of low dose spiral CT for lung carcinoma screening. METHODS: From September 1993 to December 1998, 1669 individuals underwent a biannual screening program for lung carcinoma. The program included posteroanterior radiograph, sputum cytology, and low dose spiral CT at a for-profit organization: The Anti-Lung Cancer Association (ALCA). A total of 9993 examinations were carried out. The low dose spiral CT parameters used were 120 kvP, 50 mA, 10-mm collimation, and 2:1 pitch. RESULTS: Peripheral lung carcinoma was detected in 31 of 9993 examinations (0.3%). Of the 31 cases, 24 tumors (77%) were detected by low dose spiral CT but were not visible on standard chest radiography. Twenty-two of the 24 tumors were Stage IA (T1N0M0, according to staging system revised in 1997). CONCLUSIONS: Low dose spiral CT shows promise for lung carcinoma screening. The effectiveness of the technique for the detection of minute lung lesions remains to be established. Routine use of the technique will require resolution of several issues. These issues include the establishment of CT diagnostic criteria, the development of a diagnostic support system, the establishment of methods for definite diagnosis, and assessments of efficacy.

Humans↗