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Biomedical subjects

M Kanazawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Kanazawa.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Left ventricular-right atrial communication with a residual ventricular septal defect: a case report of successful VSD patch closure with tricuspid valvuloplasty using folded patch].

A 18-year-old woman with combination of left ventricular right atrial communication (LV-RA communication) and residual ventricular septal defect (VSD) was presented. She underwent the radical operation of atrial septal defect, VSD and infundibular pulmonary stenosis at the age 11 years. Surgery was performed under the diagnosis of LV-RA communication and residual VSD. Two small defect were existed at the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, which communicated to left ventricle. The part of patch being used as closure of VSD at the previous operation, including perforated part of the septal leaflet was resected. A folded patch was used to reinforce the residual VSD and valvuloplasty was made using the remaining intact tricuspid tissues. Post-operative clinical course was uneventful. Shunt flow from LV to RA was not demonstrated in the postoperative left ventricular angiocardiography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Feasibility study on quality-of-life questionnaires for patients with advanced lung cancer.

In order to evaluate quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaires, we studied the reliability and validity of the self-rating forms: A, comprising 16 questions; B, comprising 39 questions (Table II and III), in a special study supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Sixty-four patients with inoperable lung cancer and 50 patients with chronic, non-malignant disease were entered into the study. Form A was translated and modified to Japanese culture from Schipper's Functional Living Index-Cancer, and Form B was of our own design. The internal consistency of the forms was examined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Both forms except for aspects of physical and social concern on form B, had alpha values greater than 0.65. A concurrent validity with performance status was shown over all aspects of concern (Pearson's correlation, r greater than 0.27, P less than 0.05) except for social (forms A and B) and psychological (form B). Analysis of variance of the QOL scores revealed significantly lower scores for the cancer patients than for the non-malignant-disease patients, except for the social aspect of concern (P less than 0.001). Factor analysis, using the principal component method, identified four major factors to account for 60 and 42% of the total variance on forms A and B, respectively. The factors were: patient's mood, anxiety over disease and treatment, relationships with other people, physical capability. In conclusion, this has been the first feasible study to show that QOL forms from the West could be used in Japan with some modifications. We are at present studying successive changes in QOL for advanced lung cancer patients in clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Localization and characterization of neutral metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11), the degradative enzyme for atrial natriuretic peptide, in rat kidney using a radioiodinated neutral metalloendopeptidase inhibitor.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is rapidly degraded by neutral metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11, NEP), with the kidney being a major site of ANP clearance. NEP has been anatomically localized in the rat kidney by in vitro autoradiography and the active site studied by a radioinhibitor binding assay (RIBA) using a newly developed radioinhibitor as a radioligand. SCH47896 is a phenolic derivative of SCH39370, a potent specific inhibitor of NEP, which can be radioiodinated with 125I. NEP catalytic activity in the rat kidney was inhibited by SCH47896 and its di-iodo analog SCH48446. Specific binding of [125I]SCH47896 to renal plasma membranes fitted a single-site model with Kd = 43.3 nM and maximal binding site density = 13.8 pmol/mg protein. Thus, [125I]SCH47896 retains full enzymatic inhibitory activity and full binding to the active site of the NEP. Autoradiographs using [125I]SCH47896 demonstrated maximal binding to deep proximal renal tubules. This binding was displaced in a dose-dependent manner by NEP inhibitors. Renal NEP was inhibited by SCH39370. Inhibition of ANP degradation by NEP in the kidney by the new NEP or atriopeptidase inhibitors may explain their natriuretic and diuretic effect in the absence of changes in plasma ANP levels. These studies will allow investigation of the regulation of NEP and the role inhibition of tissue NEP plays in the actions of the new atriopeptidase inhibitors. Furthermore, this method of radioinhibitor binding is applicable to any enzyme, provided a suitable radioligand can be constructed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical significance of gallium-67 scintigraphy in assessing pulmonary lesions of sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

To evaluate whether one can predict the course and prognosis of interstitial lung diseases from lung gallium-67 (67Ga) uptake, we studied 31 subjects with sarcoidosis and 28 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) retrospectively. We quantified the lung 67Ga uptake using posterior scans by Line's method, and calculated a visual index (VI). The normal range of 67Ga uptake was defined as less than 65 VI values, obtained from the 95 percent confidence interval of the control subjects. All subjects with stage I sarcoidosis, having only bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) on chest X-ray, revealed normal lung 67Ga uptake. Fifty percent of patients with stage II sarcoidosis, with both BHL and pulmonary involvement on chest X-ray, showed increased lung 67Ga uptake. The patients with increased lung 67Ga uptake showed decreased percent vital capacity and increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference, but none of them showed clinical deterioration during the follow-up period of more than 6 months. Fifty-four percent of subjects with IPF showed increased lung 67Ga uptake. But there was no difference between the subgroups with normal and increased lung 67Ga uptake with respect to the severity of dyspnea, percent vital capacity, arterial oxygen tension, or alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. There was also no difference between the two subgroups of IPF in the cumulative percent survival after either the onset of symptoms or the 67Ga scintigram. We conclude that lung 67Ga uptake was not able to predict the clinical course or the prognosis of patients with sarcoidosis and IPF.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Corrected transposition of the great arteries with associated tricuspid valve incompetence--report of a case of successful tricuspid valve replacement].

A 36-year-old woman with corrected transposition (C-TGA) of great arteries with associated systemic atrioventricular valve (A-V valve) regurgitation was presented. Cineangiography revealed that the right sided ventricle was morphologic left ventricle, and left sided ventricle was morphologic right ventricle. In addition, severe systemic A-V valvular regurgitation (Sellers IV) was demonstrated. Under the diagnosis of C-TGA with associated A-V valvular regurgitation, left sided atrioventricular valve replacement was performed using 29 mm SJM valve. Left sided atrioventricular valve was tricuspid valve (TV). A part of the anterior tricuspid leaflet and two pieces of papillary muscle was resected. Postoperative course was uneventful. The pathological findings indicated that valvular tissue had myxomatous degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Usefulness of vitamin A binding protein as a marker for capillary endothelial permeability].

We performed a preliminary study to assess the usefulness of Vitamin A binding protein (VABP) as a gamma-camera marker for capillary endothelial permeability. We used a guinea pig model of endotoxin (LPS) induced acute lung injury. We calculated the concentration ratio of either 125I-albumin or 125I-VABP in lung tissue to that in plasma (tissue plasma ratio; T/P) as a parameter of capillary endothelial permeability. 99mTc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) was used as a marker for pulmonary interstitial volume. We estimated wet to dry lung weight ratio as a parameter of lung water accumulation (W/D). LPS increased the T/P of 125I-albumin and W/D, suggesting the development of permeability edema. The T/P for 125I-VABP was also increased, indicating that 125I-VABP can be used to detect elevated capillary endothelial permeability. In both groups, LPS and saline, the T/P was higher for 125I-VABP than for 125I-albumin. These data suggest that the pulmonary capillary endothelium is more permeable to VABP than albumin.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pathological calcification of the cervico-facial region.

Two rare cases of pathological calcification affecting the face and neck are reported. The first case, a 32-year-old male, developed massive calcification of the lymphoid tissues in the preauricular, submandibular and cervical regions. In the second case, a 56-year-old male, a radiographic diagnosis of bilateral multiple miliary osteomas of the cheeks was made. Although dystrophic calcification of lymph nodes and salivary glands is common, it is important to establish any underlying disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Chronic synergistic effect of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II on blood pressure in conscious rats.

We assessed whether there is an interaction between angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the regulation of blood pressure and sodium and water metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group I rats received Ang II at a subpressor dose (400 micrograms/kg/day i.p.) for up to 6 days. Group II rats received ET-1 at a subpressor dose (3 micrograms/kg/day i.v.) for up to 6 days. Group III rats received both the subpressor dose of Ang II and the subpressor dose of ET-1. Group IV rats received vehicle only. There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) among groups I, II, and IV during the study. On day 6, SBP in groups I, II, and IV was 148.0 +/- 3.0, 142.7 +/- 2.9, and 143.5 +/- 3.0 mm Hg, respectively. On the other hand, SBP in group III was higher than those of the other groups on day 2 and remained elevated thereafter. On day 6, SBP in group III rats was 189.0 +/- 12.5 mm Hg. There were no significant differences in body weight, fluid intake, urine volume, urinary sodium excretion, or urinary potassium excretion among the four groups. The present results suggest that Ang II and ET-1 exert their pressor effects synergistically and might play a role in controlling blood pressure. They also suggest the possibility of the existence of a common pathway in the hypertension-producing mechanism of these two peptides.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1991

Distribution and inhibition of neutral metalloendopeptidase (NEP) (EC 3.4.24.11), the major degradative enzyme for atrial natriuretic peptide, in the rat kidney.

1. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is degraded by neutral metalloendopeptidase (NEP) (EC 3.4.24.11) and the kidney is a major site of ANP clearance. 2. The regional distribution of NEP in the rat kidney was investigated. 3. The activity of NEP, measured with an enzymatic fluorimetric method employing N-dansyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-L-4-nitrophenylalanyl-glycine as a synthetic substrate, was 18 times and eight times higher in the outer stripe of the medulla and inner cortex than in the outer cortex (OC). 4. Low concentrations of NEP were found in the OC, inner stripe and inner medulla. 5. NEP activity in the rat kidney was inhibited by the specific NEP inhibitors (SCH39370, phosphoramidon and thiorphan) at micromolar concentrations. 6. The present result suggests that degradation of ANP by NEP occurs mainly in the proximal tubules of the juxtamedullary nephrons, rather than cortical nephrons, and that the convoluted tubule in the OC is not a major site of location of NEP. 7. The relationship between NEP activities in the kidney in vitro and plasma clearance of ANP in vivo remains to be clarified.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antihypertensive effect of captopril and enalapril in endothelin-infused rats.

Comparative effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers were assessed in rats infused chronically with synthetic endothelin. When 50 mg/kg/day of captopril orally or 6 mg/kg/day of enalapril intraperitoneally was administered simultaneously with 60 micrograms/kg/day of endothelin, the systolic blood pressure was on Day 1 142.7 +/- 5.9 mmHg (p less than 0.05) or 128.7 +/- 6.7 mmHg (p less than 0.05), respectively, compared to the rise to 163.8 +/- 4.7 mmHg when endothelin alone was infused. The antihypertensive effect of captopril or enalapril was sustained for the entire experimental period and was not associated with a significant change in urinary sodium excretion, whereas both drugs induced a significant increase in urine volume. Chronic infusion of angiotensin II intraperitoneally at a subpressor dose (400 micrograms/kg/day) reversed the antihypertensive effect of captopril in endothelin-infused rats. When 6 mg/kg/day of benidipine or 10 mg/kg/day of nilvadipine orally was administered simultaneously with 60 micrograms/kg/day of endothelin, the systolic blood pressure was on Day 1 137.0 +/- 2.4 mmHg (p less than 0.05) or 119.7 +/- 5.9 mmHg (p less than 0.05), respectively, compared to the rise when endothelin alone was infused. The antihypertensive effect of benidipine or nilvadipine was sustained for the entire experimental period and was not associated with any significant changes in urine volume and urinary sodium excretion. These results indicate that the reduced sensitivity of the peripheral arteries to endothelin may be involved in the mechanism of the hypotensive action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, dependent on the suppressed angiotensin II formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of pericardium on regional myocardial systolic function in acute ischemia.

To know whether or not the pericardium affects regional myocardial systolic function in acute ischemia, we measured ischemic and non-ischemic segment lengths of the left ventricle using ultrasonic crystals in 10 open-chest dogs with the pericardium preserved. When the left ventricular pressure and segment lengths were stable after left circumflex coronary occlusion, we opened the pericardium widely. After coronary occlusion, end-diastolic length (EDL) in ischemic and non-ischemic segments increased, and the ischemic segment showed paradoxical systolic expansion while the non-ischemic segment increased its active shortening. After pericardiectomy, heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, and peak positive and negative dP/dt did not change. EDL in ischemic and non-ischemic segments further increased from 12.02 +/- 0.18 to 12.50 +/- 0.16 mm (mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.01) and from 11.12 +/- 0.20 to 11.45 +/- 0.18 mm (p less than 0.05), respectively, despite the concomitant fall in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) from 12.4 +/- 0.6 to 10.6 +/- 0.8 mmHg (p less than 0.01). End-systolic length in ischemic and non-ischemic segments also increased from 12.37 +/- 0.25 to 12.70 +/- 0.20 mm (p less than 0.05) and from 8.50 +/- 0.13 to 8.74 +/- 0.13 mm (p less than 0.01), respectively, although the left ventricular end-systolic pressure did not change. Maximum expanded systolic length of the ischemic segment also increased from 12.99 +/- 0.20 to 13.42 +/- 0.16 mm (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that, in acute ischemia, the pericardium inhibits paradoxical systolic expansion of the ischemic region and increase in end-systolic length of non-ischemic segment. Thus, it is concluded that the pericardium modifies the regional myocardial systolic function in acute ischemia, perhaps through the mechanical restraint of the pericardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A case of Legionnaires' disease cured with a combination of erythromycin and steroid therapy].

A 53-year-old male was admitted to Keio University Hospital with a pneumonia shadow in the left lung field and respiratory failure. Because there was progression of respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation was required to maintain appropriate oxygenation. Although erythromycin administration was started at the time of admission, a steroid (prednisolone 60 mg/day) was added a few days later to temporarily inhibit the acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma. This intensive therapy resulted in resolution of the patient's pneumonia and improvement of his respiratory failure. No pathogens were detected in the clinical specimens. Indirect immunofluorescence examination demonstrated a marked increase in titers against Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, which was sufficient to confirm a diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. The causative organism of this disease, a gram-negative short rod, is rarely cultured on conventional culture media. Two clinical subtypes are known based on clinical manifestations: 1) the Pontiac fever-type in which the predominant symptom is fever alone; and 2) the pneumonia-type which was observed in the epidemic in Philadelphia when the disease was first reported in 1976. The present case of Legionnaires' disease was the severe pneumonia-type which was successfully treated with a combination of erythromycin and a steroid.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1991

[Two cases of primary lung cancer with initial symptoms due to ocular metastases].

Two cases of primary lung cancer with initial symptoms due to metastasis to the eye or the orbit are reported. Case 1 had orbital metastasis, while case 2 had intraocular metastasis. It has been reported that the survival period is short after the metastasis was found. In our cases, the survived periods for case 1 and case 2 were 3.5 months and one month, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Feasibility study of quality of life (QOL) instrument in patients with advanced lung cancer].

We have studied the feasibility of the QOL measurement for the group of patients with advanced lung cancer using the QOL questionnaires modified from FLIC (Functional Living Index Cancer). The 16-items instrument showed that the Cronbach's alpha of all categories were over 0.6. as the quality of reliability. Using the principal component method of multivariate analysis, four major factors were identified as a part of the construct validity. We concluded that the QOL of patients with advanced lung cancer under the clinical research setting can be evaluated using this questionnaires even in Japan which has different cultural background from the Western Countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in microfilament distribution during amylase exocytosis in rat parotid salivary glands in vitro.

In parotid acini, microfilaments were predominantly localized at the luminal border when visualized with the fluorescent probe, rhodamine-phalloidin. There was no fluorescence in the cytoplasm. When acini were stimulated by isoprenaline, the membranes of the secretory granules appeared to become undercoated by microfilaments immediately after fusion with the luminal membrane. The intensity of fluorescence was correlated with the extent of enlargement of the lumina. These findings indicate that the microfilament system (actin-myosin contractile system) may play a role in regulating the movement of the luminal plasma membrane rather than in the control of transport and access of secretory granules to the lumen.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1990

Chronic effects of synthetic endothelin on blood pressure and sodium excretion in rats.

Continuous infusion of endothelin at a rate of 60 micrograms/kg/day into the jugular vein of rats via osmotic minipumps induced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, but did not induce any significant changes in urine volume and urinary sodium excretion, compared to those in vehicle-infused rats. When 6 mg/kg/day of benidipine, a newly developed calcium channel blocker, was administered simultaneously with 60 micrograms/kg/day of endothelin, the systolic blood pressure of conscious rats rose on Day 1 to only 137.0 +/- 2.4 mm Hg (P less than .05) compared to the rise to 163.8 +/- 4.7 mm Hg when endothelin alone was infused. The antihypertensive effect of benidipine was sustained. The present results suggest that endothelin can act as a circulating hormone. In addition, they clearly demonstrate that the calcium channel blocker attenuates the elevation of blood pressure induced by endothelin.

Animals↗