Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Kanauchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Kanauchi.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of exercise on hemodynamics and urinary protein excretion in patients with early-stage diabetic nephropathy.

We investigated the effects of exercise on hemodynamics and urinary protein excretion in 15 patients with early-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN) as compared the findings with these of 16 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into two groups according to their renal histopathologic findings; Group D0 consisted of 8 patients in whom light microscopy showed minor glomerular abnormalities and Group DI consisted of 7 patients with early stage diffuse lesions. The subjects exercised on a treadmill at a workload of 4.7 METS for 20 minutes. Systolic blood pressure, heart rate and the pressure rate product were significantly higher in the DI group than in the D0 and control groups during exercise. Diastolic blood pressure was similar among the three groups. Creatinine clearance was unchanged during exercise. Urinary albumin excretion, urinary acid soluble protein excretion and urinary alpha 1-microglobulin excretion were all significantly increased in group DI compared with the D0 and control groups. Excretion of beta 2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity were unchanged during exercise. Our findings suggest that this provocative exercise test is useful for diagnosing early-stage diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The clinico-pathological significance of hematuria in diabetics].

A clinico-pathological study was performed on 154 patients with diabetes mellitus to clarify the significance of glomerular hematuria. Glomerular hematuria was observed in 26 patients (16.9%), of whom 10 had complications of IgA glomerulonephritis and one had membranous nephropathy. The remaining patients (143 cases) were divided into two groups; a hematuria group (15 cases) and a non-hematuria group (128 cases). Patients in the hematuria group showed diabetic retinopathy, hypertension, massive proteinuria and the requirement for insulin therapy more often than those in the non-hematuria group (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the serum creatinine level in the hematuria group was significantly elevated compared to that in the non-hematuria group (p < 0.01). Histologically, patients in the hematuria group exhibited advanced diffuse lesions, nodular lesions, exudative lesions, microaneurysms, crescent formation, capsular adhesion and interstitial lesions more often than those in the non-hematuria group (all, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the vascular index in the hematuria group was significantly higher than that in the non-hematuria group (p < 0.001). It is suggested that glomerular hematuria in diabetic patients indicates the presence of diabetic nephropathy at an advanced stage or coexistence of primary glomerulonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Glomerular lesions in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria.

To evaluate the renal structural changes in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we studied the renal histological findings and urinary albumin excretion in 75 patients with NIDDM. They were divided into two groups according to excretion of urinary albumin: 40 cases of normoalbuminuria and 35 cases of microalbuminuria. Renal biopsy specimens were evaluated by light microscopy. Diffuse glomerular lesions were graded on a scale of D0 through DIV (Gellman's criteria). The incidence of microalbuminuria was 19.2% in D0, 53.3% in DI, 61.5% in DII and 100% in DIII. Grade IV lesions were not present in either group. Creatinine clearance differed significantly between the groups with and without microalbuminuria. There was no difference between the groups with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria in the incidence of retinopathy and hypertension, or in the urinary excretion of beta 2MG and NAG. We conclude that microalbuminuria in NIDDM indicates the early morphological changes of glomerular lesions.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1993

[Progressive course of nephropathy with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus--structural-functional relationship].

We studied quantitatively a morphological change in diabetic nephropathy by light microscopy. The renal biopsy specimens were examined using color image processor in 53 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). These patients, aged 22 to 69 years, had been NIDDM for 2 months to 27 years. Glomerular area (GA), mesangial rate (MR) and length of capillary filtration (CFL) were used as the morphological parameters. Duration of diabetes, urinary albumin excretion and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were chosen as clinical manifestations. Duration of diabetes was correlated with MR (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), but not GA. Glomerular hypertrophy could not be found. A significant relationship between Ccr and CFL were noticed (r = 0.64, p < 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Glomerular tuft ballooning in mitomycin-C-induced renal impairment.

Severe ballooning of the glomerular tufts was observed in a 65-year-old man who was treated with mitomycin C (MMC) and had typical MMC-induced renal lesions. He developed renal failure and severe anaemia 6 months after initiation of chemotherapy. Ballooned tufts were caused by enormous expansion of the sub-endothelial space simultaneously associated with mesangiolysis. Glomerular cysts, described in a variety of disorders including thrombotic microangiopathy and diabetes mellitus, are derived from cystically dilated and united capillary luminae secondary to mesangiolysis. The morphogenesis of this unusual lesion when induced by MMC differs from that of the glomerular cysts previously reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Acid-base balance during exercise].

The required energy may be produced almost exclusively by aerobic processes during light exercise. Anaerobic energy-yielding metabolic processes however, play a greater role as the severity of the exercise increases. This process produces endoproducts, such as lactate, which are related to acid-base regulation. During exhaustive exercise, large amounts of lactate accumulate in both muscle and blood, and the corresponding accumulation of proton ions produces metabolic acidosis. Three mechanisms control the acid-base quality of the internal environment; intramuscle buffers, blood buffers and physiologic buffers. In healthy male, the change in blood pH after heavy exercise is one which is expected in conditions of metabolic acidosis, and this change is consistently related to the lactate content. Finally, the effect of exercise on acid-base status in patients with several conditions is discussed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1992

Diagnostic significance of urinary sialic acid in diabetic nephropathy.

The diagnostic significance of urinary sialic acid (SA) determinations was evaluated in relation to the histological findings of renal biopsy specimens. The subjects enrolled in this study comprised 82 diabetics. They were divided into 4 groups according to Gellman's criteria, namely D0, DI, DII and DIII approximately IV. Thirty non-diabetic healthy volunteers were used as controls. The urinary SA was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the urinary albumin excretion was estimated by solid phase radioimmunoassay. In addition, urine samples were assayed for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2MG). The urinary level of total SA (under conditions of hydrolysis) was significantly increased in the DII and DIII approximately IV groups as compared to the controls; however, a similar value was observed in the D0, DI and control groups. The urinary level of glycoprotein-bound SA was significantly increased in all diabetics as compared to the control group, and was significantly higher in the DII and DIII approximately IV groups than in the D0 and DI groups. The bound-SA/total-SA ratio (B/T ratio) showed a significant increase with respect to the progress of diffuse lesions. A weak correlation was noted between the B/T ratio and urinary protein excretion. However, there was no correlation between the B/T ratio and other indices. The urinary SA is considered to represent a useful indicator for estimating diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Membranous nephropathy with crescents in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report.

A 59-year-old man with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed renal dysfunction, proteinuria and hematuria. Neither gold nor penicillamine had been given. Light microscopy of a renal biopsy specimen revealed membranous nephropathy with crescents of various stages. The possible pathogenesis of such an unusual combination of membranous nephropathy and crescents in RA is discussed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1989

[Electrophoretic analysis of urinary glycoproteins in diabetic nephropathy using peroxidase-lectins].

We examined the clinical usefulness determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by reaction with peroxidase-coupled lectins using urinary glycoproteins for diabetic nephropathy in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus. Lectins used were Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-E4), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), and Lens culinaris (LCA), which have high affinity for beta 1----4N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAc), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), alpha-galactosamine (alpha-GalNAc), and alpha-mannose (alpha-Man) residues, respectively. Electrophoretic patterns of urinary glycoproteins clearly showed the presence of lectin-reactive glycoproteins with molecular weights lower than that of albumin. The molecular weight of the main bands reacted with WGA, PHA-E4 or LCA were 50,000 and 38,000, and increased with the progress of diabetic nephropathy. WGA reacted strongly with many glycoproteins having a wide range of molecular weights. LCA and PHA-E4 reacted preferentially with glycoproteins of molecular weights glycoproteins of molecular weights lower than 50,000, but no reaction was observed by DBA. These results suggest that low molecular urinary glycoproteins have abundant carbohydrate residues such as GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAc, GalNAc, and alpha-Man. The excretion of low molecular weight glycoproteins with high affinities for some lectins suggests functional impairment in diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Three cases presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus and minimal change nephrotic syndrome].

Three cases presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) are reported in this paper. All cases were female; they abruptly developed nephrotic syndrome at the age of 30, 11 and 23 years, respectively. In Case 1, the diagnosis of SLE was based on fever, butterfly rash, Raynaud's phenomenon, leukopenia, lymphopenia, hypocomplementemia, a high titer of anti-DNA antibodies, positive DNA and LE test, and the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (speckled pattern). In Case 2, the diagnosis was based on butterfly rash, central nervous system involvement, lymphopenia, hypocomplementemia, a positive LE cell phenomenon, a high titer of anti-DNA antibodies and a positive DNA test. In Case 3, the diagnosis was based on photosensitivity, alopecia, lymphopenia, hypocomplementemia, a high titer of anti-DNA antibodies, a positive DNA test and a positive LE cell phenomenon. In these three cases, initial symptoms were puffy face and pretibial edema which occurred suddenly. These symptoms disappeared completely after either corticosteroid therapy or a combination therapy using corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. These patients took a favorable course and no aggravation was noted in the findings of urinalysis and renal functions. In two of these cases, the diagnostic criteria for SLE were satisfied, but the remaining patient fulfilled only three criteria except for renal disorder. In each of these cases, minor glomerular abnormalities were disclosed by renal histology. It seems likely that SLE was complicated by MCNS in these cases. From these cases, it is suggested that there is a possibility of immunological abnormalities associated with SLE and MCNS.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum levels of bone Gla-protein in normal humans and in patients with chronic renal failure.

Levels of serum bone Gla-protein (BGP) were evaluated in 372 normal Japanese subjects (164 males, 208 females), ranging in age from 14 to 87 years, and in 194 patients with chronic renal failure, 181 of whom were on maintenance hemodialysis. The age-dependent serum BGP levels (mean +/- SD) determined by radioimmunoassay in normal subjects under 20 years old were 27.1 +/- 20.5 ng/ml, and 10.2 +/- 5.8 ng/ml in older subjects. Mean serum BGP increased significantly in patients with hemodialysis (35.1 +/- 24.3 ng/ml) and in patients with nonhemodialysis chronic renal failure (20.6 +/- 14.2 ng/ml). The mean BGP levels showed a trend toward higher values in the younger renal failure patients. However, the difference to the values of older patients did not reach a level of statistical significance. There was a significant (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) positive correlation between serum BGP and serum creatinine for the nonhemodialysis group alone, but not for hemodialysis patients alone. A correlation was also observed between serum BGP and serum C-PTH in hemodialysis patients. Our results suggest that the serum BGP elevation in patients with chronic renal failure probably reflects not only decreased renal clearance but also increased bone formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical study on tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in gastric cancer].

We evaluated whether assay of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in the serum ia valuable for the determination of cancer stages compared to other tumor markers such as CEA, AFP, and ferritin. The study population consisted of 79 gastric cancer patients and 212 patients with benign gastroenteric disease. The percentage of positive cases for TPA (higher than 200u/l) was 41% in gastric cancer and 20% in active peptic ulcer. Serum TPA levels in well differentiated carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma were higher than that in other histological types. Serum TPA levels correlated well with the stage of the gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical study on tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) as a tumor marker].

We evaluated whether assay of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in sera is valuable for the determination of cancer stages compared to other tumor markers such as CEA, AFP, beta2-microglobulin, ferritin, and elastase-1. The study population consisted of cancer patients (33 gastric cancers, 7 colo-rectal cancers and 15 hepatomas), 169 patients with benign gastro-enteric diseases and 72 healthy volunteers. The percentage of positive cases for TPA (higher than 200 u/l) was 61% in gastric cancer, 71% in colo-rectal cancer and 87% in hepatoma. In certain non-cancerous conditions, such as gastric ulcer (active stage), acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis, the TPA levels were increased over the level of healthy volunteers. There was no significant correlation between TPA and the other tumor markers. Our study suggests that TPA may be useful in the identification and evaluation of cancer patients.

Adolescent↗