Mechanism of action of chromomycin A3. 1. Inhibition of nucleic acid metabolism in Bacillus subtilis cells.
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Adenine↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kamiyama
Publications and source records attributed to M Kamiyama.
The short wavelength-sensitive cone electroretinogram in diabetes: relationship to systemic factors.
The short wavelength-sensitive (S-) cone electroretinogram (ERG) is selectively reduced in diabetic patients both with and without retinopathy, but the exact mechanism of the vulnerability of the S-cone system is still unclear. This study examined relationships of the S-cone ERG to systemic factors in diabetes. Cone ERGs to different color flash stimuli were examined in the presence of bright white background illumination in 17 diabetic patients without retinopathy and in 17 diabetics with background retinopathy. Relationships of the amplitude and implicit time of the S-cone ERG to the following systemic factors were statistically analyzed: patients' age, hemoglobin A1 level, method of diabetic control, presence of retinopathy, and presence of nephropathy. The amplitude of the S-cone ERG b-wave was significantly reduced in diabetics treated with insulin and in those associated with nephropathy. No significant correlation was found between the S-cone ERG and patient's age, hemoglobin A1 level and presence or absence of retinopathy. A selective reduction of the S-cone ERG is observed in patients whose metabolic control has been poor for a longer period, suggesting that microvascular changes may play a role in the S-cone ERG impairment.
Adult↗
Steroid-responsive optic neuropathy in a patient with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: electrophysiologic findings.
We examined visual evoked potentials and pattern electroretinograms in a patient with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome associated with optic nerve involvement. The 82-year-old woman developed unilateral painful ophthalmoplegia and visual loss in the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an abnormal soft-tissue area in the right cavernous sinus and the right orbital apex. Symptoms responded rapidly to treatment with corticosteroid. Visual evoked potentials to flash and pattern stimuli were both remarkably reduced and delayed in the right eye in the acute stage; however they improved to almost normal after steroid therapy. The pattern electroretinogram recorded in the acute stage was normal bilaterally. These results indicate that optic nerve involvement in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome can be mild and reversible.
Aged↗
Detection of circulating immune complexes: a new application of immune adherence haemagglutination.
A simple, rapid and economical method involving immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA) has been developed for the measurement of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in human sera. Human D-positive erythrocytes with highly active C3b receptors were employed as indicator cells. The procedure can be completed within 2 h and with 25 microliters of serum. The lower limit of sensitivity of this IAHA method was 2 micrograms/ml of heat-aggregated IgG and 16 ng/ml of IgG as antigen in a complexed state with anti-IgG antibody. By applying this method, CIC were detected in sera from categories of patients in whom CIC have been reported with other methods. Studies thus far suggest that the IAHA method may be useful in detecting and quantifying CIC in the investigation of clinical syndromes in which these complexes are believed to relate to pathogenesis.
Animals↗
Gene and protein expression profiles of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in the human corpus cavernosum.
Prostaglandin E1 leads to penile erection, mainly via prostaglandin E2 (EP) receptors. This study aimed to identify the expression profile of EP receptor genes in human corpus cavernosum. Using the quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the mRNA levels of EP receptor subtypes were measured. In addition, expressions of EP receptor subtype proteins were determined by immunohistochemical method. Among the four subtypes, EP4 receptor mRNA expression was the highest, and EP2 receptor mRNA followed, whereas EP1 and EP3 receptor mRNAs were hardly observed. Expression level of EP4 receptor mRNA was significantly higher than that of EP2 receptor mRNA. Expression of both EP2 and EP4 receptor proteins were clearly detected in the cavernous smooth muscle. These results may suggest that EP4 receptor plays an important role among four EP receptor subtypes for relaxation of smooth muscle in the human corpus cavernosum.
Aged↗
A highly specific functional test for factor V leiden: A modified tissue factor assay for activated protein C resistance.
We compared the sensitivity and specificity of a tissue factor-based assay (FVR) with the addition of a phospholipid/silica preparation, to the commercially available aPTT-based method, APCR (CoatestTM), and a modified aPTT-based method (APCM) which utilized factor V-depleted plasma, for the detection of the factor V Leiden mutation. A total of 110 patients were included in this study. This included 32 patients on coumadin therapy, 7 patients on heparin therapy, 5 patients on both anticoagulants therapy, and 24 patients who were positive for anticardiolipin antibody (ACL) and/or lupus inhibitor (LI). Our data demonstrate that the FVR is not affected by anticoagulation treatment or ACL/LI antibodies, whereas in the APCR method, 33 patients cannot be determined either due to the anticoagulant therapy or presence of the ACL and/or LI. With the APCM method, the clotting endpoint could not be determined in 1 patient due to the presence of a strong LI. The additional phospholipid/silica material utilized in the FVR enhanced the APC degradation of factor Va and therefore sharpened the demarcation between the factor V Leiden-positive and -negative patients. The sensitivity for the APCR, APCM and FVR was 42, 97 and 100% respectively. The specificity for the APCR, APCM and FVR was 94, 96 and 100% respectively.
Activated Protein C Resistance↗
Changes in clinicopathological findings after portal vein embolization.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Portal vein embolization is becoming more common as a method of preventing hepatic failure after an extended hepatectomy but its mechanism is not well understood. This clinicopathological study focused on its mechanism. METHODOLOGY: Thirty patients who underwent extended hepatectomy after portal vein embolization were evaluated. Liver volume was measured before and after portal vein embolization, and histological studies were performed to examine morphological changes, morphometric parameters and apoptosis of hepatocytes. RESULTS: The mean volume of the non-embolized lobe grew significantly from 392 to 462 mL after portal vein embolization (P < 0.0001). The hypertrophy ratio of the non-embolized lobe (100 x volume change during portal vein embolization/volume before portal vein embolization, %) was correlated closely with the volume of the non-embolized lobe before portal vein embolization (r = -0.65, P < 0.0001). Histological study showed the embolized lobe hepatocytes to be atrophic, partly necrotic and apoptotic. In the non-embolized lobe, the mean hepatocyte volume was 8686 micron 3 (control: 6544 micron 3) and the mean hepatocyte count was 109 x 10(6)/mL (control: 122 x 10(6)/mL). CONCLUSIONS: The enlargement of the non-embolized lobe was caused by hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia suggesting hyperfunction. The resection of the atrophic embolized lobe, leaving the hypertrophic non-embolized lobe was thought to be less surgically stressful than hepatectomy without portal vein embolization.
Aged↗