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Biomedical subjects

M Kamimura

Publications and source records attributed to M Kamimura.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Prevention of stomatitis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia using PVP-iodine (Isodine) gargle].

From November 1987 to October 1990, we investigated the efficacy of povidine iodine gargle solution (Isodine Gargle) for preventing stomatitis in 26 patients (19 males and 7 females; mean age 53.2 years) with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The patients were given a concentrated preparation of the gargle solution which they had to dilute 50 times, and were asked to use it 8 times/day for one year. Twenty patients (76.9%) frequently suffered from stomatitis despite the gargling. Therefore, in the second year they were instructed to use the gargle solution at a higher concentration (30-fold dilution). On the third year, they were asked to increase the frequency of gargling to 10 times/day; this resulted in a significant decrease in frequency of the episodes of stomatitis. Severe and painful stomatitis no longer occurred. Gargling with povidine iodine gargle solution was thus considered effective for preventing stomatitis in AML patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Low-calcium diets increase both production and clearance of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats.

Administration of large doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] to animals induces 1,25(OH)2D3 side-chain oxidative pathways. This study determined if the elevated plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 seen in rats fed low-Ca diets is associated not only with an increased production rate (PR) but also with an increased metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of the hormone. In vitamin D-replete rats fed a Ca-deficient diet for 3-4 wk, the PR increased 21-fold, plasma levels 15-fold, and the MCR by 37%. The increased MCR in Ca-deficient rats was associated with a 48% increase in hepatic microsomal UDP glucuronyl transferase enzyme activity, whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 catabolism by homogenates of liver and small intestinal mucosa was unchanged. In contrast to the effects of low-Ca diets, acute (7 h) pharmacological elevation of plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 to 1.5 ng/ml in normal rats did not influence the MCR. Thus chronically elevated 1,25(OH)2D3 levels are necessary to stimulate clearance. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)2D3 clearance in rats can be stimulated not only by chronic pharmacological doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 but also by the physiological stimulus of a low-Ca diet. Hence, plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 levels can be regulated by changes in both PR and MCR.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Production of optically active esters and alcohols from racemic alcohols by lipase-catalyzed stereoselective transesterification in non-aqueous reaction system.

Microbial lipase-catalyzed transesterification between vinyl acetate and (RS)-2-octanol or (RS)-1-phenylethanol was investigated in a reaction system without addition of aqueous or organic solvents. From a screening test with various lipases, it was found that the enzymes from Pseudomonas species could efficiently catalyze the reaction, and R-enantiomers of the racemic alcohols were preferentially esterified by them. Enantiomeric purities of the optically active alcohols (S) and esters (R) obtained from (RS)-1-phenylethanol by the stereoselective transesterification of these lipases were all more than 95%.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical trial of T-3262 on acute enteritis. Japan Research Committee of T-3262, Research Group for Acute Infectious Enteritis].

For the purpose of evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on acute infectious enteritis (bacillary dysentery, and enteritis caused by Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., enteropathogenic E. coli, and so on), T-3262, a newly developed pyridone-carboxylic acid derivative, was administered to a total of 136 patients and carriers. In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of T-3262 was determined against the clinical isolates, and compared with those of nalidixic acid (NA), pipemidic acid (PPA), enoxacin (ENX), norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX). The daily dose of 450 mg of T-3262 was administered orally three times after meals for 5 days, with the exception of 7 day administration against Salmonella enteritis. A total of 89 cases were evaluated; 23 with Shigella spp., 30 with Salmonella spp., 15 with Campylobacter spp., 6 with enteropathogenic E. coli, and 15 cases with the other pathogens or pathogen-negative. The efficacy on clinical symptoms judging from duration of fever, and duration of diarrhea and abnormal stool character was 100% in all the enteritis except enteropathogenic E. coli enteritis, in which it was 50% (n = 2). Concerning bacteriological response, elimination of the causative organisms from the feces was 100% in Shigella spp. (n = 19), Salmonella spp. (n = 30), and enteropathogenic E. coli (n = 6), although 64.3% in Campylobacter spp. (n = 14). As an adverse effect, epigastric discomfort was observed in one (0.8%) of 130 cases. Deteriorations in laboratory findings were seen in five (6.2%) of 81 cases, consisting of two with elevated GOT and GPT, two with elevated GPT, and one with increased eosinophils count, although they were all slight in degree. MICs of T-3262 which inhibited 90% of the isolates of Shigella spp, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp., were 0.025, 0.05, and 0.78 microgram/ml, respectively. These values were lowest among the quinolone derivatives tested, except that the MIC90 against Campylobacter spp. was the same as that of ofloxacin.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical trial of T-3262 (Tosufloxacin tosilate) on Salmonella enteritis, and fecal drug concentration and change in the fecal microflora in the acute diarrheal patients. Japan Research Committee of T-3262, Research Group for Acute Infectious Enteritis].

For the purpose of evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on Salmonella enteritis, T-3262 (Tosufloxacin tosilate), a newly developed pyridone-carboxylic acid derivative, was administered to a total of 103 patients and carriers. In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of T-3262 was determined against the clinical isolates, and compared with those of nalidixic acid (NA), pipemidic acid (PPA), enoxacin (ENX), norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX). And when T-3262 was administered to the patients of acute infectious enteritis, fecal drug concentration and their correlation to the changes in the fecal microflora were investigated. The daily dose of 450 mg T-3262 was administered orally three times after meal for 7 days. A total of 63 cases were evaluated (one case of mixed infection caused by Shigella flexneri and Salmonella sp. was included). The clinical efficacy was good in all the enteritis (N = 6). As the bacteriological effect, 60 out of 61 were eradicated, and eradication rate was 98.4%. Adverse effects were observed in four of 102 cases (3.9%), consisting of one with skin rash, one with nausea, headache and stomatitis and two with soft stools. Deteriorations in laboratory findings were seen in 5 of 23 cases (17.4%), consisting of one with elevated GOT, two with elevated GOT and GPT, one with elevated BUN and one with increased eosinophiles count, although they were all slight in degree. MICs of T-3262 which inhibited 90% of the isolates of Salmonella spp. was 0.05 microgram/ml, which was the lowest among the quinolone derivatives tested. The values of the fecal drug concentration of 7 cases of acute infectious enteritis, to which T-3262 administered, were higher than that of MIC90 and recovery rates of T-3262 were distributed from 2.85 to 46.3%. The degrees of changes of the drug concentrations were dependent on individual cases, and did not show the same trend. In addition, changes in the fecal microflora with in 24 hrs after T-3262 administration did not show the same trend.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1988

Enzymatic transesterification with the lipase from Pseudomonas fragi 22.39 B in a non-aqueous reaction system.

The lipase from Pseudomonas fragi 22.39 B catalyzed the transesterification in ester and alcohol mixtures without any other solvent. Activated esters, such as vinyl and phenyl esters, were excellent acyl donors for the reaction, and the activity was enhanced by increasing the carbon number of the fatty acid fraction of the esters. Primary alcohols were esterified faster than secondary ones in this reaction system, while tertiary alcohols such as alpha-terpineol did not react at all. The lipase exhibited stereoselectivity in the esterification of alcohols such as 2-octanol.

Esterification↗
PubMed1985

CO2 laser in treating carcinoma of the tongue.

Since 1980, we have been using CO2 laser in treating carcinomas of the tongue. Carcinomas confined to the mucosa have been treated with laser excision alone. Five patients were treated in this way and they are all alive with no evidence of disease. Follow-up ranges from 11 months to 3 years. Carcinomas with a superficial muscular invasion have been treated with mass reduction laser surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy. There were 19 patients which fell in this category. Of these 19, 17 are alive with no evidence of disease, 1 died of an intercurrent disease, and 1 died of cervical metastasis. Follow-up ranges from 9 months to 5 years and 1 month. For carcinomas with a deep muscular invasion, we first attempted an induction chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and pepleomycin. When the chemotherapy was effective, we applied mass reduction laser surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy. Two patients were treated in this way. One is alive with no evidence of disease (11-month follow-up) whereas the other died of pulmonary metastasis. Following the treatments using laser, speech intelligibility is much better than after extensive surgeries.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[CO2 laser in treating head and neck cancer].

CO2 laser is especially useful in treating cancer of tube- and cavity-organs. For carcinomas of the tongue, we have employed three types of laser usage. Carcinomas confined within the mucosa are treated by laser alone. For carcinomas invading the muscle to some extent, we make a mass reduction surgery by means of laser which is followed by (chemo)radiotherapy. Carcinomas with extensive muscular invasion are first treated with induction chemotherapy. If the chemotherapy is effective, we add laser surgery for the purpose of mass reduction and chemoradiotherapy follows. 26 patients were treated and none has developed local recurrence. For glottic carcinomas, we have applied laser in two ways: laser surgery alone and laser combined with (chemo)radiotherapy. We have treated 58 patients with glottic carcinoma. 14 developed local recurrence. Of these 14, 13 were successfully treated but the other died because he refused to have further treatment.

Antineoplastic Agents↗