Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity in presence of hepatitis C virus seropositivity.
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Hepatitis B↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kamel
Publications and source records attributed to M Kamel.
Influence of the developmental stage and the equilibration time on the outcome of ultrarapid cryopreservation of mouse embryos.
Mouse embryos of different developmental stages from 1- to 8-cell inclusive were ultrarapidly frozen in 0.25 ml French straws after various periods of equilibration (1, 3, 5 and 9 min) in freezing-buffer containing 3.5 M dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), 0.25 M sucrose, and 20% fetal calf serum (FCS) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After thawing in a 37 degrees C waterbath and dilution for 5 min in 0.25 M sucrose in PBS/FCS the embryos were cultured in Ham's F10 medium with 10% FCS (37 degrees C, 5% CO2, 95% humidity) for 4-6 days. The rates of expanded and hatching blastocysts were then evaluated and compared to the corresponding rates of non-frozen controls. Thus, for each cleavage stage, the optimal equilibration time was evaluated. It was 1 min for the 1-cell and 8-cell stages (32 and 81% blastocysts, respectively), and 3-5 min for the 2-cell (76 and 73%, respectively) and the 4-cell stage (88 and 87%, respectively). It is concluded that the ultrarapid freezing method described provides satisfactory results for all tested cleavage stages, but not for the 1-cell stage.
Animals↗
Detection of Helicobacter pylori in endoscopic biopsies in Sudan.
We studied the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Sudanese subjects with gastroduodenal inflammation. H. pylori was looked for in biopsy specimens taken from the antrum by two methods: rapid urease test [Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test] and culture using Skirrow's selective supplement. One hundred subjects were studied. H. pylori was found in 80% of patients with gastritis, 56% of patients with duodenal ulcer, 60% of patients with duodenitis and 16% of normal control subjects. It was neither detected in patients with gastric ulcer, nor in patients with oesophagitis or in those with oesophageal varices due to schistosomiasis, when using culture. However, it was found in 50% of patients with oesophagitis, when using CLO test.
Adult↗
High seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection among risk groups in Egypt.
High prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were recently reported among Egyptian blood donors. To confirm these observations and estimate the magnitude of HCV infection in this country, we determined the prevalence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) in samples collected in 1992 from seven different populations of children and adults living in Egypt. Anti-HCV was found in 12.1% of rural primary schoolchildren, 18.1% of residents of a rural village, 22.1% of army recruits, 16.4% of children with hepatosplenomegaly, 54.9% of hospitalized, multitransfused children, 46.2% of adults on hemodialysis, and 47.2% of adults with chronic liver disease or hepatoma. Age-related prevalence of anti-HCV in a random sample of 270 inhabitants of a rural village increased progressively from zero in those 5-10 years of age to 41% in adults greater than the age of 50. Although the increased prevalence of anti-HCV among children and adults with parenteral exposures and chronic liver disease was expected, the prevalence of anti-HCV among persons representing the general population of Egypt was strikingly high. These data demonstrate the magnitude of HCV infection and its importance in chronic liver disease in Egypt. Future studies are needed to determine the routes of transmission of HCV in this country.
Adolescent↗
Clinical evaluation of serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen as tumor marker in gynecologic malignancies.
AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the possible usefulness of the assay of the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and fibronectin in detecting connective tissue changes associated with gynecologic malignancies. STUDY DESIGN: Serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and plasma fibronectin were measured in 36 women with gynecologic malignancies, 20 women with benign gynecologic tumors and 10 healthy women serving as controls. RESULTS: A significant serum propeptide was significantly high in the group with gynecologic malignancies and normal in the benign tumor group. The serum propeptide levels were related to of disease stage and presence of ascites in patients with ovarian carcinoma but not in those with cervical or endometrial carcinoma. In the follow-up study, a favorable clinical response was associated with normalizing propeptide levels whereas in rapidly progressive disease the levels fell initially but rose again. In partial response with ultimate progression, the propeptide concentration decreased but remained clearly above the normal range. No difference in plasma fibronectin was found among the malignant tumor, benign tumor and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen could serve as an additional, non specific marker to follow the clinical behavior of gynecologic malignancies and consequently of connective tissue metabolism reflecting tumor matrix interaction.
Aged↗
The epidemiology of antibody to hepatitis C in Egypt.
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Adolescent↗
Hypernatraemia surveillance during a national diarrhoeal diseases control project in Egypt.
The nationwide introduction of oral rehydration therapy to Egypt has led to improvement in diarrhoea case management and a fall in infant and child mortality. With the wider use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) prepared from packets, the incidence of hypernatraemia (serum sodium greater than 150 mmol/l) in inpatients with dehydration seen at Abu El-Reeche Hospital, Cairo, increased between 1980 and 1984. Systematic surveillance of hypernatraemia in the outpatient rehydration unit began in late 1984, and we report trends in hypernatraemia and analyses of key variables affecting its incidence in dehydrated children. In 1980, 17 of 100 children sampled had hypernatraemia and 2 had severe hypernatraemia (ie, serum sodium greater than 165 mmol/l). The frequency in inpatients peaked at 49% of 222 children in 1984 (19% with severe hypernatraemia). Between 1986 and 1989, at least 1000 dehydrated outpatients were surveyed each year; by 1989 the incidence of hypernatraemia had fallen to around 10% (2% severe hypernatraemia). The rise and decline coincided with increasing use of ORS and then increasing ability of mothers to mix the solution correctly. Hypernatraemia was positively related to the quantity of ORS taken, severity of dehydration, nutritional status, and the cooler season, and negatively related to age and duration of diarrhoea. Explanations for our findings include improved use of ORS and better case-management. Good practice promoted through the mass media has facilitated these changes; if the standard of ORS use is not maintained, there may be a case for reducing the sodium content of ORS.
Child, Preschool↗
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of acute sporadic hepatitis E in Egyptian children.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is thought to be a cause of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B (ET-NANB) hepatitis. Waterborne epidemics have been recorded in many developing countries, mainly affecting young-to-middle-aged adults; sporadic infection and overt illness in children are rare. However, a convenient and sensitive diagnostic test for HEV infection is not yet available. We now report the use of a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) that detects IgM and IgG antibody to HEV. In a prospective study of endemic acute hepatitis during 1986 in rural Benha, Egypt, 15 (42%) of 36 children with NANB hepatitis (from whom convalescent-phase sera were available every 3 months to 9 or 12 months) were positive for anti-HEV-IgG by ELISA. Of 20 sera from healthy Benha children (controls), 5 (25%) were also positive for anti-HEV-IgG. When evaluated for anti-HEV-IgM, 6 of the 15 IgG-positive children, but none of the controls, were IgM positive and were thus regarded as having confirmed acute HEV infections. These 6 cases together with 2 presumptive cases (IgM negative, IgG seroconversion from positive to negative) presented sporadically over 9 months. This ELISA is a convenient method for the diagnosis of HEV infection; we have shown that the disease is present in Egypt, that it can occur endemically as sporadic cases, and that children do have overt infection.
Adolescent↗
Inhibition of superoxide anion release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine.
This study shows that N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine can diminish the production of superoxide anion from cytochalasin-B treated PMNs stimulated with FMLP. Inhibition ranged from 80.9% to 1.8%. N-acetyl-galactosamine was superior to N-acetyl-glucosamine, but both showed their action in a dose-related fashion. The mannosamine may diminish the superoxide production, but without a statistical significance. Other sugars such as L-fucose, D-fucose and D-glucose failed to induce inhibition of superoxide generation. Previous reports showed that sugars interfere with carbohydrates lectins interaction. This study shows that aminosugars can do more than interfere with carbohydrates-lectin interaction. The mechanism is not completely known yet. The question whether aminosugars affect cell-cell interaction, regulation of respiratory burst, inflammatory mediators functions, or the glucose uptake and utilization needs further study.
Acetylgalactosamine↗
The impact of endemic schistosomiasis on acute viral hepatitis.
One hundred forty-four of 166 adults with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) admitted to an Egyptian fever hospital were followed for 12 months. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier rate in 95 with hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis decreased from 53% at three months to 13% at 12 months. At 12 months, 22% of the male patients had persistent HBsAg compared with only 7% of the female patients. The HBsAg carrier rate was 25% at 12 months in those with schistosomiasis compared with 9% in those with only acute HBV infection. Splenomegaly persisted in those with palpable spleens at the initial examination and others developed splenomegaly. The prevalence of splenomegaly increased from 11% on admission to 20% at 12 months in those with only AVH, and from 40% to 69% in those with concomitant schistosomiasis. Patients with concomitant schistosomiasis had higher mean values for liver function test results and a greater proportion had abnormal liver function test results during hospitalization and follow-up than those with AVH only. Concomitant schistosomiasis increased the prevalence and prolonged splenomegaly and morbidity due to AVH. Both male sex and concomitant schistosomiasis prolonged the HBsAg carrier state. We propose that AVH frequently converts uncomplicated intestinal schistosomiasis to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.
Acute Disease↗
The combined use of cytological imprint and frozen section in the intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors.
Intra-operative diagnosis by cytological imprint and frozen sectioning supplemented by paraffin impregnation were carried out on 50 suspected ovarian tumors. The combined cytologic and cryostat methods gave an accuracy rate of 90% compared to 84% and 74% of either method used separately, and in a short time.
Biopsy↗
Changes in the circulating levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron and total iron binding capacity after four methods of surgical tubal sterilization.
One-hundred women requesting voluntary surgical sterilization were included and enrolled into four groups (each n = 25). Four sterilization modalities were used namely: Falope ring, electrocoagulation, clip and Pomeroy ligation. The circulating levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron and total iron binding capacity were studied before sterilization and at 3, 6 and 12 months thereafter. No significant changes were observed at 3 and 6 months post-sterilization. At 12 months a significant increase in the hemoglobin and serum iron was observed with a significant decrease in total iron binding capacity. Falope ring, clip and Pomeroy ligation were of a higher rank in this context versus electrocoagulation.
Adult↗
Clinical and laboratory studies in patients with leprosy and enthesitis.
In a combined clinical, radiological, and laboratory study of 77 patients throughout the leprosy spectrum, 10 patients had an enthesitis which has not been described previously as far as is known and which was not associated with the characteristics of erythema nodosum leprosum reactions. C reactive protein and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein values were significantly lowered only in those patients with leprosy and enthesitis. No radiological abnormalities were found.
Adult↗
Hepatitis B vaccination in children infected with Schistosoma mansoni: correlation with ultrasonographic data.
Forty-one schoolchildren with positive stools for Schistosoma mansoni eggs and 39 age- and sex-matched children with negative stools were given 3 doses, 5 micrograms each, of a plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine. Their sera were examined 3 and 9 months after the third dose for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). At 9 months after vaccination, both the number of responders and the mean of antibody titers were significantly higher in the control group than in the group infected with S. mansoni (97% vs. 56% and 334.8 +/- 192.9 vs. 67.7 +/- 74.4 mIU/ml). There was a negative correlation between anti-HBs titers and the long diameter of the spleen as well as between the titers and the long diameter of the spleen and the liver span in the mid-clavicular line (right lobe) taken together. There was also a positive correlation between anti-HBs titers and the diameters of the portal vein. There was no correlation between anti-HBs titers and any of the following 3 parameters: liver span in the mid-clavicular line (right lobe) alone, liver span in the middle line (left lobe) alone, and the degree of thickness of the periportal fibrosis. There was also no correlation between anti-HBs titers and egg counts in the stools. An interpretation of these findings was made in the light of the role of phagocytic activity of the liver and spleen as well as of porta-caval shunts in the immune mechanism.
Child↗
Response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to mothers with schistosomiasis.
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Egypt↗
Clinical and laboratory studies of arthritis in leprosy.
Arthritis associated with leprosy is underreported. In Egypt 66 patients from a leprosy colony were studied, 20 of whom had arthropathy. This was characterised by an inflammatory symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis. The wrist, metacarpal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands, the knees, and the metatarsophalangeal joints of the feet were affected with associated morning stiffness. The arthritis was erosive in 11 out of 20 patients, had no features of the arthritis associated with erythema nodosum leprosum reactions, but symptomatically responded to antileprosy treatment. This arthritis would seem to be a previously unrecognised feature of leprosy.
Acute-Phase Proteins↗
Avascular necrosis of temporomandibular joint in sickle cell disease.
Avascular necrosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in sickle cell disease was not reported in patients suffering from this disease. In this report, we present a case of a young Saudi female with avascular necrosis of the left temporomandibular joint associated with avascular necrosis of head of left femur, and early changes of infarction of the humeral head of the left shoulder. Clinical examination, laboratory investigations, tomography and computerized tomography scanning, confirmed the diagnosis of sickle cell disease, and the development of avascular necrosis of the left temporomandibular joint.
Adult↗
Changes in menstrual blood loss after four methods of female tubal sterilization.
One-hundred females requesting tubal sterilization were included in this study. They were enrolled into 4 groups, each n = 25. They were allocated to a particular method of sterilization on a randomized basis. The four modalities used were: laparoscopic Falope ring application, bipolar electrocoagulation, Hulka clip application and Pomeroy tubal ligation via minilaparotomy. The menstrual blood loss (MBL) was quantitatively estimated, using the alkaline hematin method, prior to sterilization and after 3, 6 and 12 months. No significant changes in MBL were observed after the four sterilization techniques. Moreover, they did not differ significantly in this context.
Adult↗