Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Kaku

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaku.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for plasma thrombomodulin].

Thrombomodulin (TM) is an endothelial cell membrane glycoprotein which neutralizes thrombin clotting activity and accelerates thrombin-catalyzed activation of plasma protein C. Its role is considered to be very important to prevent thrombosis. Recently, TM has been found in circulating blood and the roles and the functions have been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the reliance and the clinical usefulness of a TM-measuring-kit by enzyme immunoassay (MGC-01-001: Mitsubishi Gas chemical company). Intraassay reproducibility test, dilution linearity test and in vitro recovery test was obtained satisfactory results. A correlation between plasma and serum on TM levels of healthy individuals was very good and the difference between them was not significant. Normal value of plasma TM levels was instituted 15.73 +/- 6.98 ng/ml by measuring 52 healthy adults. The difference between male and female was not significant. Plasma TM levels did not change significantly after venous occlusion test and on circadian fluctuation. Plasma TM levels in patients with occlusion test and on circadian fluctuation. Plasma TM levels in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was 40.15 +/- 22.68 ng/ml (mean +/- SD, n = 14). It is significantly higher than the levels in healthy adults. However, the levels in patients with angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and aortic aneurysm were not significantly different from those of healthy adults. These findings suggest that the precision of this TM-measuring-kit is satisfactory and the measurement of plasma TM can be useful to diagnose of DIC.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The comparison of drug susceptibility of antituberculous agents against colonizing M. intracellulare and infectious M. intracellulare].

The susceptibility of antituberculous agents against colonized M. intracellulare which were isolated from patients with pulmonary disease and infectious M. intracellulare (pathogens) isolated from atypical mycobacterial culture was investigated. Aminoglycosides were more potent against colonized organisms than against pathogens. Isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin showed less potent antimicrobial activity against both colonized organism and pathogens as compared to aminoglycosides. On the contrary susceptibility of cycloserine against colonized organisms was as potent as against pathogens.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Differentiation between fibrin degradation products and fibrinogen degradation products by using newly developed ELISAs].

We should distinguish fibrin degradation products (FbDP) from fibrinogen degradation products (FgDP) in order to analyze fibrinolysis in vivo. We analyzed some disorders associated with hyperfibrinolytic states using ELISA for FbDP, FgDP and total fibrin (ogen) degradation products (TDP) (ORGANON TEKNIKA). Each ELISA was useful in terms of reproducibility and dilution linearity of plasma samples. There was no cross-reaction between FbDP and FgDP. The FgDP/FbDP ratio in normal individuals was 1.65. In patients with DIC, it was 0.43, with FgDP level being increased. These results suggest that fibrinolysis is enhanced in patients with DIC, but it is accompanied by fibrinogenolysis. On the other hand, the FgDP/FbDP ratio in patients given urokinase (UK) was 2.88. This suggests that fibrinogenolysis is enhanced in them. In our study, the FgDP/FbDP ratio increased as DIC improved. Thus, we can regard this as an index of therapeutic effects in patients with DIC. We conclude that these three ELISA are useful in analyzing disorders associated with hyperfibrinolytic states.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗
PubMed1990

Physicochemical characteristics and flora of diarrhoeal and recovery faeces in children with acute gastro-enteritis in Kenya.

Physiochemical characteristics and flora of diarrhoeal and recovery faeces were investigated in 14 Kenyan children with acute gastro-enteritis. Causative micro-organisms were Shigella, Campylobacter, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, rotavirus and unknown in 6, 2, 1, 2 and 3 patients, respectively. The mean values of the pH of the diarrhoeal specimens were significantly higher than those of the recovery specimens. Large amounts of acetic acid and many other kinds of fatty acids were detected in the recovery specimens, but small amounts and few kinds of fatty acids were detected in the diarrhoeal specimens. Bacterial counts of anaerobic organisms, such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Eubacterium, were lower in the diarrhoeal specimens than in the recovery ones. The normal anaerobic intestinal flora is remarkably disturbed in patients with acute gastro-enteritis. This may result in changes in fatty acid contents and in the pH of diarrhoeal faeces.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

[Investigation on the etiology of sepsis by using experimental mouse model with leukocytopenia. 3. The role of Kupffer cells in the etiology of bacteremia].

In the previous report, we showed that the reticuloendothelial system (RES), especially the liver, played an important role in the etiology of bacteremia or sepsis as the major protective system. In this study, to investigate the role of Kupffer cells in the etiology of bacteremia, we isolated and cultured murine Kupffer cells using a technique involving perfusion with collagenase and DNase. We compared the adherence and phagocytosis rate of two groups of isolated bacteria from bacteremic mice by these cells. One group was bacteria causing systemic bacteremia consisted of P. aeruginosa and M. morganii, and the other was bacteria causing portal bacteremia consisted of E. coli, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae and Enterococci. As a consequence, the following facts were revealed. 1. The bacterial phagocytosis and adherence rate by Kupffer cells were significantly higher in bacteria causing portal bacteremia than in bacteria causing systemic bacteremia. These data were correlated to each blood clearance rate from mice. 2. Blood clearance rate reflected mainly adherence of Kupffer cells to bacteria, and it was suggested that these adherence were one of the most important factor to protect the hosts from the advance of bacteremia from the portal to the systemic. 3. In the case of using peritoneal macrophage, we couldn't find the same correlation, so the possibility was suggested that the above phenomenon was specific to Kupffer cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B in the treatment of experimental murine candidiasis.

The efficacy of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B in treating experimental murine candidiasis was compared with that of the commercially available amphotericin B (Fungizone). The LD50 of liposomal amphotericin B in ddY mice exceeded 10.0 mg/kg while that of Fungizone was 3.0 mg/kg. Experimental candidiasis was induced by injecting a clinical isolate of Candida albicans strain 0925-107-01, through the tail vein. With the injection of 1.7 x 10(6) colony forming units, the number of colonies in the kidneys remained between 2.1 x 10(5) and 1.2 x 10(6), whereas the number of colonies in blood, liver, spleen, lungs and heart decreased rapidly. Histological examination revealed severe pyelonephritis with fungal infiltration and a mild invasion of the heart, lungs, liver and spleen. The survival rate of mice with experimental candidiasis treated with Fungizone at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg was 50% (the maximum tolerated dose without acute lethality), whereas all mice treated with the liposomal amphotericin B at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg were alive even 42 days after the inoculation (p less than 0.01). Using liposome as a carrier for amphotericin B decreased this drug's systemic toxicity making it possible to administer doses higher than feasible with the commercial preparation and thus obtaining better therapeutic efficacy.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1990

[Rapid resolution of acute subdural hematoma. Report of two cases].

The authors report two cases of rapid resolution of acute subdural hematoma. Case 1, a 78-year-old male, sustained head trauma and became unconscious for a few minutes, but on arrival he was alert and neurological examination was normal. A computed tomography (CT) scan taken 5 hours after the injury showed a high-dense subdural hematoma partly containing low-density area over the right cerebral hemisphere. He was conservatively treated. A CT scan taken 33 hours after the injury disclosed diminution of the hematoma and appearance of a thin high-density layer in the subdural space adjacent to the tentorium. The high-density layer disappeared on a CT scan taken 7 days after the injury. Case 2, an 84-year-old female, struck her head in the occipital region. On arrival she was drowsy but otherwise had no neurological abnormality. A CT scan taken 1 hour after the injury demonstrated a high-dense subdural hematoma partly containing low-density area over the right cerebral hemisphere. She was conservatively managed and became asymptomatic. A CT scan taken 14 hours after the injury disclosed complete resolution of the hematoma and appearance of a thin high-density layer in the subdural space adjacent to the falx and the tentorium. This high-density layer also completely disappeared on a CT scan taken 14 days after the injury. It was suggested that a mechanism of rapid resolution of the acute subdural hematoma was attributable to washing-out by cerebrospinal fluid.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Giant abdominal myeloblastoma preceding overt acute myelogenous leukemia].

A 34-year-old man noted an abdominal mass in February 1986. Peripheral blood was normal, but barium enema disclosed a Borrmann 1 type tumor of the ascending colon. In April, his abdominal mass was increased up to 15 x 20 cm in size. He was admitted to our hospital. Peripheral blood and bone marrow showed overt leukemic picture (acute myelogenous leukemia). Colonic fiberscopy and biopsy as well as abdominal CT scan were done, and the abdominal mass proved to be a myeloblastoma. He received chemotherapy and 60Co irradiation. He was induced to complete remission, kept it for 11 months, and relapsed. After relapse, leukemic state became refractory. But leukemic cells did not form any mass. He died of pulmonary aspergillosis in November 1987. Autopsy showed hypocellular leukemic bone marrow, but we could detect no myeloblastoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Investigations on the etiology of sepsis by using experimental mouse model with leukocytopenia. 1. Influence of antibiotics].

Investigation on the etiology of septicemia occurring among the immunocompromised patients was performed by using experimental model of the mouse with leukocytopenia. The ddY conventional mice of 4 weeks of age were inoculated with cyclophosphamide (CPM) intraperitoneally 3 to 5 times every other day with a dose of 3 mg/mouse once to make an agranulocytic status. Then, intraperitoneal administrations of various antibiotic regimens consisting of ampicillin (ABPC) alone, ABPC + ceftazidime (CAZ), ABPC + CAZ + cloxacillin (MCIPC), ABPC + CAZ + MCIPC + minocycline (MINO) and saline as a control to these immunosuppressed mice were begun once every day for 10 days after the second inoculation of CPM. The mortality rate of the mice given saline as a control was very high with a frequency of 43.3% and there were significant differences between the saline group and another antibiotic groups other than ABPC (p less than 0.01). On the other hand, the mortality rate of the group given APBC showed the highest rate of 70% and it was significantly higher than that of the saline control group (p less than 0.05). The main cause of most of the dead mice was septicemia due to P. aeruginosa and which were isolated from the feces of all these mice and serotype of the strains isolated from the heart blood and feces in the same host corresponded to each other. Moreover, intestinal bacterial flora in mice treated by saline and ABPC which highly showed Pseudomonas sepsis, was occupied dominantly by P. aeruginosa, although P. aeruginosa was not detectable from the experimental environments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The usefulness of lumbar epidural pressure as an index of intracranial pressure].

The reliability of lumbar intraspinal epidural pressure (ISEDP) as an index of intracranial pressure was investigated in seven patients with high intracranial pressure following neurosurgery. ISEDP and intracranial epidural pressure (ICEDP) were measured simultaneously, the latter by the conventional method. ISEDP was measured with a Gaeltec catheter-tip pressure transducer placed percutaneously in the lumbar epidural space via Touhy's needle. In five of seven patients, the ISEDP value was consistently 70 to 100% of the ICEDP value. In all patients, ISEDP always fluctuated in parallel with ICEDP, and the time courses of both were quite similar in response not only to normal cardiac pulsation but also to various manipulations, such as neck compression, coughing, breath holding, mannitol administration, and compression at the cranial defect. In one patient with communicating hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage, the relationship between ISEDP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was studied. Upon gradual withdrawal of CSF, ISEDP decreased in parallel with CSF pressure until the latter reached 8 mmHg. Below 8 mmHg CSF pressure, ISEDP did not correlate with CSF pressure. This phenomenon was attributed to slackness of the dural sac due to lowering of CSF pressure, which severed contact between the spinal dural theca and the sensor. Although the discrepancy between ISEDP and ICEDP was prominent in some patients, especially those with low intracranial pressure or blockage of the subarachnoid space, in this study ISEDP reliably reflected ICEDP. The results suggest that ISEDP measurement is useful in monitoring intracranial pressure in patients with increased intracranial pressure. Also, the procedure is simple and relatively noninvasive.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of thymic cyst with elevated CEA in the cystic fluid].

A 66 year-old male was admitted on October 31, 1987 because his chest X-ray film revealed a well-defined round shadow in the right inferior mediastinum. Chest CT showed a large homogenous mass in the right anterior mediastinum. The mass was identified as a cyst on echogram. Surgical removal of the cyst was done with right thoracotomy. The cyst was 15 cm in size and contained about 500 ml of grayish white fluid. Pathological examination showed a thymic cyst and no malignancy. Biochemical analysis of the cystic fluid revealed increased CEA value of 223.2 ng/dl in spite of normal CEA level in serum. CEA was demonstrated in the epithelium of the surface and Hassall's corpuscles by PAP stain. It is conceivable that this elevated CEA observed in the cystic fluid might be correlated with CEA-like antigens such as NCA, NFA and BGP.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy with pulmonary involvement].

A 70-year-old woman was admitted complaining of gait disturbance and difficulty in urination. Neurological examination showed myelopathy and both serum and CSF anti ATLA antibodies were positive. A diagnosis of HTLV-associated myelopathy (HAM) was made and steroid therapy was initiated. Chest X-ray film on admission showed no abnormality, but three months later, diffuse fine nodular and reticular shadows appeared in both lung fields. The patients had no respiratory symptom. The results of pulmonary function tests were normal, aside from a mild obstructive defect as indicated by reduced V25. Arterial blood gas was also normal. Bronchoalveolar lavage studies showed increased total cell counts and an increased proportion of T-cells. The histological findings of the transbronchial lung biopsy specimen were bronchiolitis and alveolitis. Subsequently, within the next eight months the abnormal shadows on chest X-ray cleared gradually on maintenance dosage of prednisolone, 10 mg/day. Possible relationships between HAM and the pulmonary lesions were discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Superoxide (O2-) assay monocyte adherence test for the detection of cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients.

The reactivity of mononuclear cells from patients with breast cancer to the 3 M KCl extract of breast tumor was tested using the superoxide (O2-) assay monocyte adherence test. The mononuclear cells were incubated with the 3 M KCl extract of breast tumor or normal breast tissues in a microcell for spectrophotometer analysis. After 2 h incubation, the nonadherent cells were removed, and the O2- generated from the monocytes adherent to the intersurface of the microcell was assayed. Thirty of 36 patients with breast cancer before treatment reacted to the extract of breast tumor. Sixteen patients showed adherence inhibition and 14 adherence stimulation. None of 8 patients with breast cancer reacted to the extract of lung tumor. Of 31 control donors (19 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with cancer of other organs), only 3 reacted to the extract of breast tumor.

Humans↗