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Biomedical subjects

M Kado

Publications and source records attributed to M Kado.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical characteristics of traumatic macular holes.

The clinical characteristics of 20 eyes of 20 consecutive patients with traumatic macular hole were studied retrospectively. The macular holes were elliptical with irregular edges in 19 eyes (95%) and ranged in size from 0.2 to 0.5 DD (disc diameter). Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was found in only 3 eyes (15%); the vitreous was detached from the macula in only one of these 3. Other conditions found in the 20 patients included commotio retinae, vitreous hemorrhage, hyphema, and choroidal rupture. These findings strongly suggest that most traumatic macular holes develop in the absence of PVD and that the pathogenesis is independent of the occurrence of PVD. We believe that the macular rupture (hole) is caused mechanically by the force of the impact on the posterior pole and the ocular deformity which result from blunt trauma.

Accidents↗
PubMed1995

The successful repair of annuloaortic ectasia using Cabrol's operation in a 5-year-old child with Marfan's syndrome of the forme fruste type.

This report describes our experience of treating a 5-year-old boy with annuloaortic ectasia and a presumptive diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome. He had elongation of the distal aortic arch and dilatation of the abdominal aorta. Surgical repair of annuloaortic ectasia was successfully carried out using Cabrol's operation, following which no significant perioperative complications developed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Cabrol's operation being successfully performed on a child aged 5 years or less.

Aortic Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Biomicroscopic vitreous videography.

PURPOSE: The authors report on the technique of biomicroscopic vitreous videography using the recently developed charge coupled device (CCD) video camera. METHODS: The authors performed biomicroscopic vitreous videography using the CCD video camera connected to a slit-lamp biomicroscope to examine 50 eyes with age- or disease-related vitreous changes in 50 patients. The cases were categorized as follows: 20 normal senile eyes; 10 eyes with retinal breaks; 10 eyes with diabetic retinopathy; 5 eyes with uveitis; and 5 eyes with high myopia. Noncontact positive preset lenses were used for observing the posterior vitreous; a wide-angle funduscopic contact lens and a three-mirror contact lens were used to observe the peripheral vitreoretinal changes. RESULTS: Using the CCD video camera, dynamic vitreous changes were documented clearly using real-time television monitoring. The video system also allowed rapid review of the vitreous changes. CONCLUSION: This new biomicroscopic vitreous videography system will contribute to the study of vitreoretinal diseases and be valuable as an educational tool.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Traumatic macular hole and posterior vitreous].

We studied retrospectively the clinical features of 18 eyes of 18 patients with traumatic macular hole. The macular hole was elliptical with irregular edges in 17 eyes (94%) and its size ranged from 1/5 to 1/2 of the disc diameter. Posterior vitreous detachment was found in 3 eyes (17%); the vitreous was detached from the macula in only one of these 3 eyes. Commotio retinae, vitreous hemorrhage, hyphema, or choroidal rupture was also found in several eyes. These findings suggest that traumatic macular hole develops usually in the absence of posterior vitreous detachment and its pathogenesis is independent of the occurrence of posterior vitreous detachment. We speculate that blunt trauma-induced deformity of the eyeball or impact on the posterior pole provides a mechanical cause for the macular rupture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Vitreous videography with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope].

We used a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) to attempt better visualization of the posterior vitreous than conventional biomicroscopy. We observed the posterior vitreous using the SLO in patients with age- or disease-related vitreous changes. We compared the results using lasers of several wavelengths. The detailed structure of the posterior hyaloid membrane, its collagen mesh structure with premacular defect, and the prepapillary glial ring were clearly visualized by direct laser illumination. Persistent attachment of the vitreous gel to the macula through the oval defect in the posterior hyaloid membrane was seen even with repeated eye rotations. Short wavelength laser was preferable to a long wavelength one for observing the posterior hyaloid membrane. Vitreous opacities were clearly visualized with all lasers as dark spots with fundus monitoring by retro illumination. Thus in vivo visualization of the posterior hyaloid membrane and vitreous gel was achieved using this new technique, which is more advantageous than the conventional biomicroscopy because of its monochromatic laser delivery system with confocal light detection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Biomicroscopic findings of premacular posterior vitreous].

The presence of vitreous gel in front of the macular area is still controversial. In order to understand the anatomy of the premacular vitreous, the posterior vitreous was observed biomicroscopically and slit-lamp photographs were taken in 100 eyes without posterior vitreous detachment. We defined the premacular vitreous as the lacuna seen when optically empty space, a demarcated oval shaped dark area without Tyndall phenomenon, was observed in front of the macula. Although the premacular vitreous showed liquefaction, the Tyndall-phenomenon, indicating the presence of formed vitreous gel, was observed in most cases. Premacular lacuna was observed in 3 cases with high myopia, and in one case with vitreoretinal degeneration syndrome. The bursa premacularis or premacular precortical vitreous pocket observed in autopsy eyes could barely be observed in living eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Vitreous videography using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

To establish the method of vitreous videography using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope, we observed the vitreous in patients with age- or disease-related vitreous changes. We compared the results using four laser wavelengths. The detailed structures of the posterior vitreous cortex, a premacular defect, and a prepapillary glial ring were clearly shown under direct laser illumination. A short wavelength laser was found to be superior to a long wavelength laser for observing the posterior vitreous cortex. Vitreous opacities were clearly shown as dark spots under retroillumination using any of the four laser wavelengths. In vivo visualization of the vitreous was achieved using this new technique, which is superior to conventional biomicroscopy because of its monochromatic laser delivery system and confocal light detection capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Determination of trace amounts of albumin in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by fluorometry with chromazurol S.

Fluorometry using chromazurole S (CAS) was applied to determine trace amounts of albumin in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5-60 micrograms/ml of albumin. The CAS method was proven to be much more selective for albumin than for IgG. Freezing of BALF samples did not affect albumin analysis by the CAS method after storage at -20 degrees C for 80 days. This finding suggests that albumin in the BALF samples is stable under these conditions. The correlation was highly linear (r = 0.966) between the albumin levels in concentrated BALF samples (n = 47) determined by the CAS method and by radial immunodiffusion. The CAS method is sensitive enough to determine albumin levels in unconcentrated BALF samples, whereas radial immunodiffusion often requires concentration. The former method is more suitable for measuring albumin in BALF samples than the latter, because concentration by ultrafiltration results in poor reproducibility. The concentration of albumin in BALF samples of healthy volunteers (n = 5) and patients with sarcoidosis (n = 32) was determined by the CAS method. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) in the albumin levels in BALF samples between healthy subjects and patients with sarcoidosis at a clinically active state (n = 15). This finding shows that the determination of albumin levels in BALF samples is useful for investigating lung diseases and that the CAS method is promising in the determination of trace albumin in BALF samples, because it is simple, sensitive and precise.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1994

[Property and clinical availability of the noncontact autofocus specular microscope].

Reproducibility of results and possible clinical use of a newly developed noncontact autofocus specular microscope were studied. Morphological parameters of corneal endothelium were analyzed on images taken with the noncontact autofocus specular microscope and the ordinary contact specular microscope simultaneously in 10 eyes of 10 normal subjects. Intraphotographic and interphotographic study by autoanalysis of 5 images each of 10 eyes taken by the noncontact instrument showed small coefficient variation of mean cell area and cell density (less than 5%, individually). These morphological parameters showed about 7% difference between autoanalysis and manual analysis of the images taken by the noncontact instrument. In comparison with the images taken by the contact instrument, the images taken by the noncontact instrument showed about 7% difference in mean cell area and cell density (p < 0.001, individually). In respect of reproducibility, this newly developed noncontact autofocus specular microscope is clinically useful. The differences of morphological parameters between the new and ordinary instruments might be caused the differences in corneal shapes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Paraquat lung].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Relief of pulmonary venous obstruction for asplenia syndrome associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in neonates and infants].

Five patients of asplenia syndrome with pulmonary venous obstruction underwent TAPVC repair in the period of neonates (4 patients) and infant (1 patient). They also underwent associated procedures to reconstruct or adjust pulmonary blood flow (systemic-pulmonary shunts in 2, bilateral PDA banding in 1, pulmonary artery banding in 1) in accordance with individual anatomy of the pulmonary arteries. In four of them, they required subsequent surgical procedures for reduction of pulmonary blood flow because of intractable heart failure due to increase in pulmonary blood flow mostly at the early postoperative period. The increasing pulmonary blood flow was successfully controlled by early reduction procedures (1 patient: extrathoracically adjustable PA banding, 1 patient: tightening of shunt graft) in two patients. However, one patient died in the early postoperative period because of moribund preoperative condition. The remaining one patient underwent PA banding three month after the first operation, but died in late period due to heart failure. These results suggest that the adjustment of pulmonary blood flow is critically important for management of the patients of asplenia syndrome with TAPVC after the operation, and early decision of PA band re-adjustment (or other procedures to decrease pulmonary blood flow) is mandatory to improve the results.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

[Reoperation after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: particularly for postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis].

Postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis is a major complication after the correction of the total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Six patients developed this complication 2 to 3 months after surgery. Five underwent reoperation (3 had the third operations) with only one survivor. Risk factors for developing the stenosis were 1. small common pulmonary vein with small branches occurring in the patients with the ages at the operation below 2 days and accordingly with the infradiaphragmatic connection and 2. Y-shaped common pulmonary vein with the confluence situated far below the left atrium. Turbulence seemed the major cause of the intimal thickening occurring in the common pulmonary vein shortly distant from the orifices of the branches. Typically the anastomotic orifice was not narrowed. Relief of the stenosis was done by the excision of the hypertrophied intimal tissue frequently cutting into the branches. Severe stenosis recurred in 4 patients necessitating another operation in 3 patients which was fatal in two. Prevention is important. Creation of a large anastomosis with the incision not extending into the branches and the use of the absorbable suture materials were effective. In the infradiaphragmatic connection incorporation of the divided stump of the descending vein into the anastomosis and a T-shaped incision of the left atrium were also important.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1993

Determination of human immunoglobulin A and secretory immunoglobulin A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by solid phase enzyme immunoassay.

Solid phase enzyme immunoassay methods for the determination of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the total amount of serum and secretory IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were developed. The solid phase was prepared by immobilizing rabbit anti-human IgA. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-secretory component or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human IgA (Fc) were used as labeled antibodies. The minimum detectable amounts of secretory IgA and total IgA were 2 and 0.5 ng/well, respectively. These assay methods were successfully applied to the determination of secretory and total IgA levels in BALF samples obtained from 44 subjects including healthy non-smokers, smokers and patients with the following lung diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The secretory and total IgA levels in BALF collected from healthy non-smokers (n = 9) were 10.5 +/- 3.6 and 25.4 +/- 15.5 (S.D.) micrograms/ml, respectively. In healthy smokers, the secretory IgA concentration was significantly decreased and in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the total IgA was increased. These results indicate that the quantitation of secretory and total IgA may be useful for the investigation of lung disease.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1992

[Postoperative management in neonate after open cardiac surgery].

Recent advances in diagnostic method and preoperative care have allowed us to perform surgical repair in neonate. Important to the successful outcome of open cardiac surgery in neonate is cautious management in postoperative period. So we investigated the hemodynamics in the first 72 hours following open heart surgery for TAPVC, TGA and PAIVS. The hemodynamics in acute period are different according to patient age. Especially, early neonates under 14 days present low systemic blood pressure and high central venous pressure. So we must manage them according to their hemodynamic characteristics.

Blood Pressure↗