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Biomedical subjects

M K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to M K Gupta.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Comparison of intramuscular and intravenous succinylcholine on intraocular pressure.

The effect of succinylcholine on intraocular pressure was determined in one group of patients who received the drug intravenously, compared with a similar group receiving the drug intramuscularly. The group receiving intravenous succinylcholine showed a significantly earlier rise in pressure and a significantly higher rise in pressure compared to the group receiving the drug intramuscularly. In both groups the pressure returned to normal within five minutes. It is suggested that in cases with a ruptured globe or wound leak in which succinylcholine is used to facilitate tracheal intubation, the drug should be administered intramuscularly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Isoeffect lines using TDF and CRE concepts.

In most of the radiotherapy centres the treatment planning is based on isodose lines. Isoeffect lines are also being drawn based on the concepts of TDFs and CREs. It was aimed in this work to find out whether the isoeffect lines based on the concepts of TDFs, CREs and the physical isodose lines are identical in all the treatment situations. Isoeffect lines for a few treatment schedules involving treatment of carcinoma of the bladder, treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix by combined intracavitary and external beam therapies and intracavitary therapy alone have been obtained and compared in the present study. The effect of treatment mode on the isoeffect lines is also studied. It is found that the isodose curves and the isoeffect lines using the TDF and CRE concepts are not identical in all situations. Therefore, the ultimate treatment plans based on theses isoeffect lines will not be exactly the same. The dependence of the isoeffect lines with the variation of the exponents of time and number of fractions used in the empirical relationship for NSD have also been investigated. Clinical trials have been initiated in the case of cancer of the bladder and cervix uterus based on the isodose curves and the isoeffect lines using CRE and TDF concepts.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum tumor markers of head and neck cancer: current status.

The serum level of a variety of substances shows significant changes in head and neck cancer patients. Such substances are collectively called biochemical tumor markers. To date, most markers lack a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. However, serial measurement of markers showing elevated pretreatment levels may help in monitoring response to therapy. Other potential uses of tumor markers include earlier detection of recurrence and/or metastasis, and possible prediction of prognosis. Measurement of more than one marker seems to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of the test. Some markers show significant correlations with various immune parameters in head and neck cancer patients and may have a possible role in potentiating the immunodepressed status of such patients. A review of currently reported tumor markers in head and neck cancer showing their nature, sources, uses, and limitations is presented.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum beta 2-microglobulin and interferon in homosexual males: relationship to clinical findings and serologic status to the human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-III).

The identification of the human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-III) as the presumed etiologic agent for AIDS has stimulated a re-examination and allowed better understanding of many of the immunologic abnormalities described in high risk individuals with and without clinical disease. Currently needed are useful predictors of clinical progression which will allow better counselling, earlier diagnosis and effective treatment of high risk individuals. We have examined the principles of test selection including sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and overall test efficiency for serum beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2M), serum interferon (IFN) and antibody to HTLV-III (HTLV-III Ab) in a group of 113 homosexual men and 62 controls. The presence of HTLV-III Ab and elevated serum beta 2M appear to be the most sensitive markers of immune dysregulation in the study group but also proved to be the least specific. Rising levels of serum beta 2M correlated with clinical severity where HTLV-III Ab positivity did not. The detection of elevated levels of acid labile serum IFN alpha was most specific for full-blown AIDS and was overall the most efficient test when compared with HTLV-III Ab, serum beta 2M and lymphocyte subpopulations. We believe that further examinations of the principles of test selection for immunologic abnormalities in AIDS may lead to potential applications for these tests in patient management.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast metastasis of cervical carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic disease of the breast is often an unexpected diagnosis in a female presenting with a breast mass. The most common metastatic cancer to involve the breast is melanoma. Among gynecologic tumors, the most common primary is ovarian carcinoma. Carcinoma of the cervix metastasizing to the breast is extremely rare. CASE: A 45-year-old female developed multiple bilateral breast masses during a course of radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Cytologic smears of the breast masses revealed adenocarcinomatous cells as well as keratinizing and nonkeratinizing malignant squamous cells, consistent with a histopathologic diagnosis of metastasizing adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast from primary cervical cancer. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of malignancy metastatic to the breast is important to differentiate it from a second primary tumor and avoid an unnecessary mastectomy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thyroid-stimulating antibody assay using a human thyrotropin receptor transfected cell line: relationship to clinical features of graves' disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a Chinese hamster ovary cell line transfected with the human thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH) receptor (CHO-TSHR) for its use in routine clinical testing and compare it with the currently used Fisher rat thyroid cell line (FRTL-5) relative to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responses to thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb). METHODS: We analyzed 112 serum samples prospectively. TSAb were measured concurrently by both CHO-TSHR cells and FRTL-5 cells. In addition, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) was measured by a radioreceptor assay. Among the study subjects, 51 had active Graves' disease, 40 had other thyroid disease, and 21 had no thyroid disease. RESULTS: Of 51 patients with Graves' disease, 38 (74%) had positive results in both cell assays, 4 (8%) had negative results in both assays, and 9 (18%) had positive responses with CHO-TSHR cells but negative results with FRTL-5 cells. No patient had negative findings with CHO-TSHR cells and positive results by FRTL-5 cells. All 61 patients in the other two groups had negative results by both assays (diagnostic specificity = 100%). The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of TSAb activity by the two cell lines (CHO-TSHR versus FRTL-5) were 92.2% versus 74.5% and 96.4% versus 88.4%, respectively. A significant correlation was noted between the TSAb activities in active Graves' sera by the two assays (r = 0.58; P<0.0001); however, values by the CHO-TSHR method were significantly higher (P<0.003). TSAb activities determined with both cell lines were positively correlated with the 24-hour thyroidal 131 I uptake (r = 0.62 and P<0.0005 in CHO-TSHR cells; r = 0.41 and P<0.05 in FRTL-5 cells). The difference in TSAb activity between patients with ophthalmopathy and those without ophthalmopathy was statistically significant with both FRTL-5 (P<0.01) and CHO-TSHR (P = 0.05) assays. The correlation between the severity of eye disease and TSAb activities was significant only with the FRTL-5 assay (P = 0.009) but not with the CHO-TSHR assay (P = 0.16). TSAb activity showed a significant positive correlation with serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and TBII by both cell assays. Neither cell line showed a significant correlation between TSAb activity and antimicrosomal antibody titer. CONCLUSION: The CHO-TSHR cell line is superior to the standard FRTL-5 cell line in the cAMP bioassay for TSAb with reference to diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, correlation with disease activity, simplicity, and cost.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoantibodies to IA-2 and GAD65 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of varied duration: prevalence and correlation with clinical features.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of autoantibodies to IA-2 (IA-2Ab) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADAb) in type 2 diabetes, their relationship to disease duration, and their importance in management decisions. METHODS: We undertook a study of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes (defined as nonketotic hyperglycemia at diagnosis) of varied duration (median, 4 years). Results were compared with those from 36 patients with type 1 diabetes also of varied duration (median, 2 years). IA-2Ab and GADAb were measured by radioligand-binding assays with use of in vitro-synthesized, 35S-labeled antigens. RESULTS: Of the 101 patients with type 2 diabetes, 20 (20%) were positive for GADAb; only 4 of these 20 were positive for IA-2Ab. In comparison, 75% of patients with type 1 diabetes were positive for GADAb, IA-2Ab, or both (P<0.0001). The coincidence of IA-2Ab positivity in GADAb-positive patients with type 2 diabetes was significantly lower than in patients with type 1 diabetes (20% versus 73%, respectively; P = 0.002). All four IA-2Ab- and GADAb-positive patients with type 2 diabetes required insulin and were younger than those positive for GADAb alone (P = 0.018). GADAb positivity in patients with type 2 diabetes was highly associated with insulin requirement (P = 0.004), with an odds ratio of 5.8 in predicting insulin dependence. Among patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin therapy, disease duration was significantly shorter (P = 0.025) and body mass index was significantly lower (P<0.001) in GADAb-positive versus GADAb-negative patients. In contrast to type 1 diabetes, in which GADAb values were negatively correlated with disease duration (r = -0.34; P = 0.044), no significant correlation with disease duration was observed in type 2 diabetes (r = -0.166; P = 0.48). CONCLUSION: Irrespective of duration of disease, measurement of IA-2Ab and GADAb can help to identify those patients with type 2 diabetes most likely to require insulin therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial testicular tumour in two brothers: a case report.

Testicular tumors account for 1% of all cancers in men and it occurs in 1 in 500 men. Incidence of familial testicular tumours is rare. Total number of cases till the year 1992 in identical twins is 21, in brothers 82 and father-son both affected in 31 pairs. We report a case of two brothers presenting simultaneously with testicular tumours. Both were subjected to retrograde orchidectomy. Histopathologic examination of one revealed embryonal cell carcinoma and other mature teratoma of the testis. Patient with embryonal carcinoma was given adjuvant chemotherapy based on Bleomycin, Etoposide and cisplatinum (BEP) and one with mature teratoma was put on a follow up.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of tamoxifen and fenretinimide on human colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The natural history of colorectal neoplasia may be influenced by steroid hormones and nutritional compounds. We evaluated the effect of the anti-estrogenic tamoxifen (Tx), and the synthetic retinoid fenretinimide (4-HPR) on the growth of human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS: DLD-1, CACO-2, SW-620, and COLO-205 colon cancer cells, and SW-1463 and SW-837 rectal cancer cells were cultured under serum-free conditions. Quadruplicates wells (4 x 10(4) cells/well) were created for each treated, and untreated groups in each cell line. Cells were treated with 1 microM Tx, 5 microM Tx, 1 microM 4-HPR, 1 microM Tx with 1 microM 4-HPR, and 5 microM Tx with microM 4-HPR. Cell growth was measured colorimetrically with the hexosaminidase assay (405 nm), and was compared among the different groups. Cells were analyzed for estrogen receptors using an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Tamoxifen, 4-HPR, or both, inhibited the growth in DLD-1 (P = .001), COLO-205 (P = .02), SW-620 (P = .001), and CACO-2 (P = .02) cell lines. Tamoxifen with 4-HPR inhibited cell growth more (P = .03) than did either Tx or 4-HPR in DLD-1, COLO-205, and SW620 cancer cells. Tamoxifen, 4-HPR, or both, had no effect on the growth of SW-837 (P = .14) cancer cells. Tamoxifen with 4-HPR promoted (P = .02) growth in SW-1463 cells, but not when added separately. Estrogen receptors were not found in any of the cells. CONCLUSIONS: Under serum-free conditions, Tx, 4-HPR, or both, inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells but not of rectal cancer cells. Combined treatment with Tx and 4-HPR is more effective than treatment with either of the agents alone in inhibiting of cell growth. The mechanism of inhibition is not clear yet, and further studies are warranted.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of tamoxifen on established human colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the anti-estrogenic tamoxifen (Tx) on the growth of human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS: Serial concentrations (0.005 microM, 0.05 microM, 0.5 microM, 5 microM, and 50 microM) of the anti-estrogenic tamoxifen (Tx) were added and analyzed for their effect on the growth of established human colorectal cancer cells. HT-29 and SW-620 colon cancer cells and SW-1463 rectal cancer cells were tested in both serum-free media and serum-containing media (10% fetal calf serum). COLO-205 colon cancer and SW-837 rectal cancer cells were only tested in 10% fetal calf serum-containing media. Cell growth was measured with the hexosaminidase assay and was compared among the different groups. Cells were analyzed for estrogen receptors using enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: In serum-free media, Tx inhibited the growth of HT-29 (P = .05) and SW-620 (P = .01) colon cancer cells at all concentrations tested. RESULTS: In serum-containing media, Tx inhibited (P = .04) the growth of the SW-837 rectal cancer cells at all concentrations and SW-1463 (P = .05) rectal cancer cells at the concentrations of 0.05 microM and 0.5 microM Tx. The inhibition of cell growth in HT-29, SW-620 and SW-1463 line was greater (P < .001) under serum-free media conditions. Estrogen receptors were not detected in any of the cell lines tested. CONCLUSIONS: Hormonal manipulation with colo-rectal cancers is possible, but the effect of Tx on the growth of colon cancer cells differs from the effect on rectal cancer cells under various conditions. The mechanism of inhibition is not clear yet, and further studies are warranted before any clinical implications can be postulated.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of tamoxifen on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-HCl-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that steroid hormones may affect the natural history of colon cancer. METHODS: Baseline levels of estrogen receptors, polyamines, and ornithine decarboxylase in colonic mucosa, and blood estradiol were measured in 10 normal Sprague-Dawley outbread female rats. Therefore, 151 rats were fed a 15% fat diet and divided into three groups. Rats in the control group (n = 20) received weekly s.c injections of the 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-HCl (DMH) vehicle. To induce colon cancer, 131 rats received weekly subcutaneous injections of DMH (20 mg/kg). Of these 131 rats, 65 also ingested 0.5 microgram/g tamoxifen, daily. Half of the rats in each group were sacrificed at 14 weeks, the remainder at 28 weeks. All measurements were repeated at these times and tumor incidence was calculated. RESULTS: The number of rats with tumors was 41% higher (P = .07) in rats treated with DMH vs those treated with tamoxifen and DMH (72.7% vs 51.5%). Tumor cells in both groups had higher levels of polyamines and ornithine decarboxylase activities (P = .03 to P < .001) and lower levels of estrogen receptors (P = .005) to P < .001) compared to adjacent normal colonic mucosa. Estrogen receptors were not detected in the colons of the rats in the control group. No correlations were found between estradiol and estrogen receptors in normal (r = .01, P = .95) or tumor (r = .03, P = .86) cells, or between polyamines or ornithine decarboxylase and estrogen receptors in normal (r = .01 to .14, P = .63 to .95) or tumor (r = .07 to .26, P = .16 to .86) cells. CONCLUSIONS: Tamoxifen reduced the incidence of DMH-induced colon cancer in rats and may thus have chemopreventive effects. Although it was not statistically significant, further studies are justified to continue this line of research.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗