Biomedical subjects

M K Bhargava

Publications and source records attributed to M K Bhargava.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Expression of oncofoetal marker carcinoembryonic antigen in oral cancers in South India--a pilot study.

Expression of the oncofoetal glycoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), has been observed in a number of malignancies and is also being pursued as a target for anti-cancer therapy. This study explored the status of this biochemical entity in the oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in South India caused by extensive chewing habits. Squamous cell carcinoma in the study belonged to grade I and grade II. Tumour staging of the patients recruited in the study ranged from T2N1M0 to T4N3M0. Of the grade II cases studied, 88% (7 out of 8) showed expression of CEA. The 2 cases of grade I SCC of buccal mucosa also showed positive anti-CEA staining. If the results from this pilot study can be validated with a larger sample size, a role can be attributed to this tumour marker in oral neoplasia, thereby opening up avenues for using CEA as an additional diagnostic marker in oral SCC in this population and as a possible target for anti-cancer therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Sister chromatid exchange studies in oral cancer patients.

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was studied in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 81 untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and 50 age and sex matched controls. The SCE frequencies were found to be 10.80 +/- 1.38 and 4.15 +/- 1.15 in cancer cases and controls respectively. The SCE values of cancer cases deviate significantly from that of controls. The SCE frequency in patients who were addicted to the single habit of betel with tobacco chewing or bidi/cigarette smoking or combined habits of chewing and smoking was 9.38 +/- 1.28, 12.28 +/- 1.68 and 13.12 +/- 2.13 respectively. The SCE frequency in patients who were habituated to alcohol and tobacco usage was 13.43 +/- 2.16. These values were significantly higher as compared with the SCE values observed in normal controls. Single habit of bidi, cigarette and combined habit of bidi and cigarette smokers had a mean SCE per cell of 12.98 +/- 2.11, 10.18 +/- 1.25 and 13.48 +/- 1.32 respectively, which were significantly higher than the mean value of 4.15 +/- 1.15 found in controls. Higher frequencies of SCE were also observed in individuals who smoked more than 10 bidis or cigarettes per day compared with people who smoked less than 10 bidis or cigarettes per day. Individuals who smoked bidis or cigarettes for more than 10 years also showed an increased frequency of SCE as compared with those who smoked bidis or cigarettes for less than 10 years. Among chewers a significant difference was observed with regard to duration and frequency of chewing when compared to controls. An increase in the mean frequency of SCE for each cancer patient group is directly proportional to the clinical stage of the disease. Interchromosomal distribution of SCE revealed an increased frequency of SCE in almost all the groups of chromosomes in cancer patients when compared to controls.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1996

Persistence of chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes 11 years after cessation of CMF therapy in a breast cancer patient.

Chromosomal aberrations were examined in a breast cancer patient 11 years after cessation of cyclophosphamide methotraxate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) therapy. This indicates that they may well be derived from a population of genetically damaged progenitor cells, from which abnormal and possibly malignant cell clones may have been generated, and a fraction of these randomly occurring chromosome rearrangements appear to be 'stable'.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1994

Chromosomal abnormalities in the lymphocytes of a male patient with breast cancer.

Blood lymphocyte cultures of a male with carcinoma of the breast revealed both numerical (hypodiploidy and hyperdiploidy) and structural abnormalities. Only few cases of male breast cancer have been cytogenetically characterized. Earlier studies revealed normal karyotypes in peripheral blood cultures of male breast cancer patients and abnormalities only in the tumor tissue. The present report describes 16.6% abnormal metaphases detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Numerical abnormalities were loss of chromosome 9 and 19 and gain of chromosome 7. Structural abnormalities were a cell with marker, del(11)(q22-23) and dic(7;19)(q36;p13). These abnormalities are compared with male and female tumor karyotypes reported in the literature.

Breast Neoplasms, Male↗

PubMed1994

Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients prior to any therapy.

In a study comprised of 53 breast cancer patients, chosen for determining the cytogenetic damage to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) due to cancer therapy, eleven patients revealed chromosomal abnormalities in 3.18% of cells prior to any such therapy. Age matched controls showed 0.18% abnormal cells. Statistical analysis of the abnormal cells in patients prior to therapy and normal controls revealed significant values at 1% level (p < 0.01). The factors causing "chromosome instability" causing chromosome breakage or whether any clastogenic metabolites produced by the tumor itself is triggering neoplastic transformation are discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1992

Double minute chromatin bodies in carcinoma of the human cervix uteri.

In direct G-banded preparations of 150 cases of cervical cancer, double minutes (dmin) were observed in 43% (64 cancers) of the patients, including a case of carcinoma-in-situ (CIS). The incidence of dmin varied from 1 to over 20 per cell. The karyotypic findings in the tumors containing dmin did not reveal any similarities and the prognosis of the patients with dmin was significantly worse compared to those without dmin. The presence of dmin in cytogenetic preparations of primary tumors may indicate a role in the maintenance and/or progression of malignancy, particularly as dmin have been suggested to represent amplified genes.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients prior to radiotherapy.

In a study comprised of 79 cancer patients selected for determining chromosomal damage to peripheral blood lymphocytes before, during, and after radiotherapy, four patients revealed chromosome aberrations prior to radiotherapy in 5% of the cells examined. The most common anomalies were dicentric chromosomes and translocations of unidentified chromosomal material on the long or short arm. We attribute this high incidence of chromosomal aberrations before radiotherapy to a combination of various external factors that are known to cause such cytogenetic injury.

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMed1992

Neck metastasis from an occult primary--the Kidwai experience.

This study highlights our treatment policy in 26 cases of epidermoid metastatic carcinoma in the neck from a primary deemed occult after exhaustive examination of the Upper Aero-digestive Tract (UADT). Planned Radical Neck Dissection (RND) and post-operative radiotherapy (RT) has been the favoured approach in all neck nodes deemed resectable and a loco-regional control rate of 64% was obtaining using this combined modality approach. Pre-operative RT was utilised in three cases with nodal disease of borderline resectability and loco-regional control was achieved in one case. Three cases of massive neck metastasis initially deemed unrectable became amenable to surgical salvage after Radical RT with concurrently administered chemotherapy. Only one of these remained disease free. Overall loco-regional control rate of 55 per cent could be achieved in 20 evaluable patients followed up for two years--three years (mean 30.5 months). Regional failures were noted in 25 per cent of patients while distant spread occurred in 15 per cent, thus accounting for an overall failure rate of 40 per cent. Manifest primaries were documented in 20 per cent, half of which could be salvaged and successfully controlled.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Frozen sections--a retrospective study.

Two hundred and forty-four (244) specimens were examined by frozen section (FS) from 1987 through 1988 at the Kidwal Memorial Institute of Oncology. Of these, eleven (11) were performed for evaluation of the surgical margin of tumours and fifty four (54) for detection of lymph node metastasis. All these examinations (65) proved to be hundred percent (100%) accurate. The remaining 179 frozen sections were performed for the diagnosis of an unknown pathologic process. Of these, 44.69 percent were precisely diagnosed, in 41.9 percent the pathologic process was correctly but not precisely diagnosed, in 11.17 per cent the diagnosis was deferred and remaining 2.24 percent were incorrectly diagnosed with no harmful consequences to the patients. By eliminating the cases where diagnosis was deferred and combining results of "precise diagnosis" with those of "correct pathologic process", the overall accuracy rate was 98.2 percent. Thus, FS has greater benefit when used for the general diagnosis of an unknown pathologic process rather than for an exact or precise diagnosis.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1991

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in endometriosis of the ovary.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in ovarian endometriosis is extremely rare, but a case is reported in a 62 year old woman. If such an ovarian tumour is discovered evidence of teratoma, Brenner tumour, or endometriosis should be sought. Extensive sampling is mandatory as the developing tumour often overgrows the foci of endometriosis, thus obliterating evidence of its origin.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1990

Continuing care for cancer pain relief with oral morphine solution. One-year experience in a regional cancer center.

This report is a prospective study of 223 patients with intractable cancer pain who were offered continuing care during the year 1988 at the Pain Relief Unit, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India, with a minimum follow-up of 4 months and a maximum follow-up of 16 months. A high percentage of pain relief was attained within a mean duration of 4 days, which on follow-up was maintained at a steady level in most patients (91.1%). Oral morphine could not be continued in three patients because of vomiting. The main side effects noticed were nausea and vomiting, itching, and constipation. At any time during the first 140 days, only 30% of patients had side effects and appropriate medication successfully managed these side effects. During the rest of the study period, the side effects were minimal. Oral morphine used with proper adjuncts offers the best pain palliation in most patients, with minimal side effects.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1990

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone is a malignant primary bone tumour that is being increasingly recognised, as more details emerge in the literature regarding its natural history and precise (although sometimes diverse) histological appearance. When the whole bulk of a malignant bone tumour fits the criteria laid down, the designation of MFH seems appropriate. Seven cases of MFH of bone were encountered from a total of 220 primary malignant bone tumours in our files over a 4-year period. The metaphyses of long bones were the most common sites harbouring the tumour, and a wide age range was represented. Amputation was the treatment of choice in all cases. The relevant literature is reviewed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Comparison of technetium 99m-phytate and technetium 99m-sulphur colloid in primary bone tumours.

Eleven patients with proven primary bone tumour (five Ewing sarcomas, six osteosarcomas) and two cases of metastatic bone involvement (primary other than bone) were investigated with 99mTc-phytate and 99mTc-sulphur colloid to compare the behaviour of the two radiopharmaceuticals at the tumour site. After intravenous administration of the respective radiopharmaceutical, imaging of the tumour site and its contralateral part was carried out at 15 min and 1 h intervals. The data were stored in our computer. Bone scanning was also carried out in all patients. 99mTc-phytate uptake was observed at the tumour site in ten cases. The 99mTc-sulphur colloid study revealed sparse or no significant uptake in eight cases. In two patients, with osteosarcoma 99mTc-sulphur colloid investigation showed uptake at the primary tumour site. However, the distribution pattern is different from that of 99mTc-phytate. No significant uptake of either 99mTc-phytate or 99mTc-sulphur colloid was observed in the two patients with metastatic skeletal disease. It may be concluded that the unusual accumulation of 99mTc-phytate at the tumour site is not due to any generalized reticuloendothelial phenomenon and that the radiopharmaceutical itself is responsible for this.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

A population-based case-control investigation on cancers of the oral cavity in Bangalore, India.

A case-control study on cancers of the oral cavity was conducted by utilising data from the population based cancer registry. Bangalore, India. Three hundred and forty-eight cases of cancers of the oral cavity (excluding base tongue) were age and sex matched with controls from the same residential area but with no evidence of cancer. The relative risk due to pan tobacco chewing was elevated in both males and females, being appreciably higher in the latter (relative risk 25.3%; 95% confidence interval 11.2-57.3). A statistically significant (linear test for trend P less than 0.001) dose response based on years, times per day and period of time chewed was seen. Any smoking (cigarette or bidi or both) had only slightly elevated risk of developing oral cancer, whereas a history of alcohol drinking or inhalation of snuff did not influence the risk. A new finding of our study was the markedly elevated risk of oral cancer in persons consuming ragi (Eleusine coracana, family graminae) in comparison to those not consuming ragi as staple cereal in their diet. There also appeared to be some interaction between ragi consumption and tobacco chewing with substantially higher relative risks in those who pursued both habits compared to those who gave a history of either.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1990

Vitamin and provitamin A levels in epithelial cancers: a preliminary study.

A major physiological role of retinoids is the regulation of epithelial and epidermal cell differentiation. A total of 285 patients with clinically and histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of various carcinomas (untreated) were selected for the study. The control values of serum beta-carotene and vitamin A levels were established from 50 subjects free of any known pathology. The controls were matched for age and sex. The mean serum levels of beta-carotene and vitamin A have shown a significant difference (p less than 0.001) in all the cancers compared with the controls. In cancer of the oral cavity, the males showed significantly lower levels (p less than 0.01) compared with their female counterparts. In cancer of the lung, however, the mean serum levels of beta-carotene and vitamin A were higher in males compared with females (p less than 0.02). Our results suggest a possible association between vitamin A and epithelial cancer, but whether the deficiency is the cause of the disease or if it is due to the tumor remains unknown.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1990

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma--a review of three cases.

During a ten year period, only three cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma were seen at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, South India. All were adults; the youngest patient was twenty-six years old and the oldest was seventy five years old. The tumours arose in the soft tissues of the extremities Our findings indicated that tumour size, site and morphology had no bearing on prognosis. With surgery radiotherapy and chemotherapy, two patients survived for four years and nine months respectively and one patient is still on follow up, five months after treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Uptake of 99mTc-phytate in osteosarcoma cases.

During routine liver spleen scintigraphic studies using 99mTc-phytate in patients with proven osteosarcoma, an unusual uptake of this radiopharamaeutical at the primary site was observed. In all, five cases have been investigated and we have observed the uptake of 99mTc-phytate at the primary tumor site. Early and delayed imaging showed persistant concentration of the radiopharmaceutical. Studies with 99mTc-sulfur colloid in one of the patients did not show any uptake at the tumor site.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Chromosome analysis in effusions as a diagnostic adjunct to cytology.

Cytogenetic analysis using G-banding techniques for the diagnosis of malignancy in pleural and peritoneal effusions is compared with the results of traditional cytomorphology. The studies indicate that the yield of mitotic cells in malignant effusions is quite high when compared to fluids with no cytological evidence for malignancy. Chromosome criteria for malignancy are of special value in the differential diagnosis of reactive cells versus malignant cells, which pose problems when cytological evaluation alone is considered. Cytogenetic analysis can be performed rapidly and used side by side with conventional cytological procedures to obtain higher sensitivity for cancer diagnosis.

Ascitic Fluid↗