Measles vaccination in early infancy.
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
M Just
Publications and source records attributed to M Just.
Cerebral and spinal MR-findings in patients with postrepair myelomeningocele.
In 114 patients with postrepair myelomeningocele MRI of the spine was performed. Tethered cord (89%) and associated malformations (syrinx, lipoma etc.) (33%) were the most important findings. Additional MRI scans of the head (44 patients) revealed numerous further anomalies. Arnold Chiari malformation was found in 76% of the patients (ACM I:32%, ACM II:44%). In the ACM II group compression of lower cranial nerves, brain stem, and cerebellum can lead to considerable neurologic symptoms. Therefore in patients with progressive neurologic dysfunction a complete investigation of the whole spine and brain is necessary. MRI proves to be the diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with dysraphic myelodysplasia.
Adolescent↗
Persistence of antibodies after immunization with a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine following two different schedules.
Four years after vaccination of healthy adults with either a recombinant yeast-derived (YDV) or plasma-derived (PDV) hepatitis B vaccine, the persistence of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was examined. Subjects received three 20 micrograms doses in the deltoid region according to either a 0, 1, 6 month or 0, 1, 2 month vaccination schedule, with a 20 micrograms booster dose of YDV administered at month 12 for subjects on the second schedule. The recombinant vaccine was found to be immunologically comparable to the PDV, with anti-HBs persisting equally in both groups.
Hepatitis B Antibodies↗
[Sonography of bone metastases--its place in comparison with computed tomography and conventional x-ray diagnosis].
The value of CT, conventional radiography and ultrasound was compared in 40 patients with 52 skeletal metastases. For superficial lesions, the combination of sonography and conventional radiography was equivalent to CT in showing the extent of bone destruction and soft tissue involvement. As expected sonography was unsatisfactory for deeper lesions. Sonography can provide useful information for planning radiation therapy for superficial lesions, but it does not replace conventional radiography.
Bone Neoplasms↗
Interferon-alpha and synthetic peptide malaria sporozoite vaccine in non-immune adults: antibody response after 40 weeks.
Adults with no known immunity to sporozoites received, i.m., at weeks 0 and 8 two single 200 micrograms doses of a peptide Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid ((NANP)3-TT) plus placebo (group 1) or interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) (group 2) and were followed for antibody responses at weeks 4, 12 and 40. Peak antibody responses were observed at week 12. At week 40, a greater than or equal to 4-fold increase in antibody titre to sporozoites in IFA, or to (NANP)50 in ELISA was still detectable in 6 of 12 (50%) volunteers in group 1 and in 16 of 25 (64%) in group 2. Peak antibody titres in IFA and ELISA decreased with a rate of 0.8% and 0.5% per week, respectively.
Animals↗
[Vaccinations for travel abroad].
Travel to the developing world by Swiss citizens has been increasing. Vaccine-preventable diseases challenges the physician to provide pre-travel advice. Each traveler's itinerary, duration of stay and medical history, including previous immunization, should be reviewed. Vaccinations are required or recommended according to the requirements and the epidemiology of countries being visited. This article summarizes updated recommendations to individual vaccines and immunoglobulins.
Child↗
[A simple method for MRI-assisted radiotherapy planning in brain tumors].
A simple method for radiation therapy planning of brain tumors is presented. Therapy portals of midline tumors can easily be determined by comparing sagittal MRI scans with the lateral simulator radiograph. By addition of appropriately processed MR-tomograms a similar planning is possible for parasagittal tumors. Digital data exchange between different operating systems is not necessary with our simple method, problems with varying input/output standards and expensive hardware requirements are thus avoided.
Adult↗
Magnetic resonance imaging in primary cerebral neuroblastoma.
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Adult↗
Cardiac arrhythmias are ameliorated by local inhibition of angiotensin formation and bradykinin degradation with the converting-enzyme inhibitor ramipril.
We investigated the influence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril on cardiac arrhythmias in guinea pigs and rats. Ramiprilat, the active moiety of ramipril, did not influence action potentials of isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle or rabbit sinus node, thereby excluding cellular electrophysiological evidence of anti-arrhythmic properties. Ramipril protected against cardiac arrhythmias induced by digoxin infusion in guinea pigs. This effect was comparable with that of lidocaine. In isolated perfused ischemic working rat hearts, angiotensin (ANG) I (3 x 10(-9) M/l) and ANG II (1 x 10(-9) M/l) aggravated reperfusion arrhythmias, accompanied by deterioration of cardiodynamic and metabolic events. Bradykinin (BK) (1 x 10(-10)-1 x 10(-8) M/l), in contrast, protected against reperfusion arrhythmias, which corresponded to an increase in energy-rich phosphates and glycogen stores and a decrease in lactate levels in myocardial tissue. Identical changes were seen in hearts from rats pretreated with ramipril (1 mg/kg PO) or perfused with ramiprilat (2.58 x 10(-7)-2.58 x 10(-5) M/l). Local ACE inhibition in these ischemic hearts antagonized ANG I but not ANG II effects and enhanced BK effects. The BK antagonist D-Arg-(Hyp2, Thi5,8, D-Phe7)BK abolished the beneficial effects of BK, ramipril, and ramiprilat. Increased concentrations of BK or ramiprilat were able to reverse the antagonism. The antiarrhythmic agent nicainoprol, a fast-sodium-channel blocking drug (class Ib), also protected isolated rat hearts against reperfusion arrhythmias, but was without beneficial effects on cardiac hemodynamics and biochemical parameters, in contrast to the ACE inhibitor. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of the ACE inhibitor ramipril on digoxin and reperfusion arrhythmias are not mediated by their direct actions on ionic channels in the cell membrane. It seems that other factors are responsible for its beneficial effects on reperfusion arrhythmias, cardiac function, and metabolism, which are associated with a reduction in ANG II generation and BK degradation by local ACE inhibition in the heart.
Action Potentials↗
Effects of interferons on immune response to a synthetic peptide malaria sporozoite vaccine in non-immune adults.
A Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine, composed of a synthetic dodecapeptide (NANP)3 coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT), was injected, at weeks 0 and 8, into non-immune volunteers in two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. In the first trial, 37 volunteers received the vaccine simultaneously with placebo (group 1), 0.5 x 10(6-) (group 2), or 1.5 x 10(6) U (group 3) of recombinant human interferon-alpha (= IFN-alpha). In the second trial, 35 other volunteers received the vaccine with placebo (group 4), 0.25 x 10(6) (group 5), or 1.0 x 10(6) IU (group 6) of interferon-gamma (= IFN-gamma). Immunizations were well tolerated and resulted in seroconversion rates (greater than or equal to 4-fold increase of antibody titre in immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) of 67-100% of volunteers. IFN-alpha significantly enhanced the IgG antibody titres in ELISA to malaria peptide.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Effect of molsidomine on thrombus formation in stenosed coronary arteries of dogs and pigs.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of molsidomine in stenosed coronary arteries of anesthetized dogs and pigs. Stenosis and vascular damage resulted in cyclical reductions of coronary blood flow due to periodic acute platelet thrombus formation in the narrowed lumen. Cyclical flow reductions were quantitated by their frequency and severity. In adult dogs with critical stenosis, molsidomine reduced significantly both the frequency and severity of the cyclical reductions in the first hour following injection, whereas both parameters remained constant in control dogs. Aspirin also significantly reduced the frequency and severity of flow reductions. In young dogs, cyclical flow reductions developed only when epinephrine was added to the combination of critical stenosis plus endothelial damage. In this model, molsidomine reduced the severity of flow reductions but not their frequency. Aspirin reduced both parameters. In young pigs, cyclical flow reductions were induced by subcritical stenosis. Molsidomine reduced the severity but not significantly the frequency of the cyclical flow reductions. A higher dose of molsidomine abolished them in three additional pigs; this effect was reversed by a subsequent injection of hemoglobin. It is concluded that molsidomine, like aspirin, possesses antithrombotic activity. This effect may entirely or in part, be due to the release of nitric oxide.
Animals↗
Stimulatory effects of vascular prostaglandins on the antiaggregatory activities of pentoxifylline acetylsalicylic acid combinations in vitro.
Pentoxifylline, Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and particularly both drugs in combination are known as active platelet inhibitors in pharmacological models in vivo. However, rather high amounts of these drugs are necessary to demonstrate inhibitory effects on the aggregation of human platelets in vitro, where no vessel walls are present. Surprisingly, these weak effects could be enhanced by the addition of external prostaglandins (prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1] into the in vitro system. Ternary combinations consisting of pentoxifylline, ASA and PGI2 exhibited the most impressive synergistic effects. Thus our study highlights the contribution of prostaglandins, especially of the natural vascular platelet inhibitor PGI2, for the display of the antiaggregatory potency of such drug combinations.
Alprostadil↗
Synthesis and biological activity of new leukotriene antagonists.
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Animals↗
[Induction of HBs antibodies using a new genetically engineered vaccine].
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Adult↗
Assessment in humans of a synthetic peptide-based vaccine against the sporozoite stage of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.
Eleven volunteers were injected with an anti-malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) sporozoite vaccine candidate consisting of a synthetic peptide, Ac-Cys-(NANP)3, coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. Two of the volunteers had no previously known exposure to TT. Eight volunteers made detectable antipeptide, anticircumsporozoite protein or antisporozoite antibodies, whose titers increased after multiple injections in four individuals. The maximum antisporozoite titer obtained in an immunofluorescence assay was 1280. In those individuals who produced antipeptide antibody, the overall correlation between IgG anti-Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 antibody in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and IgG antisporozoite reactivity in immunofluorescence was highly significant. However, the fine specificity of antibody varied among volunteers with two individuals producing mostly antipeptide antibody. Anti-TT antibody responses increased in all volunteers with the exception of that person who had the highest pretrial anti-TT titer; this individual was one of the two pre-TT-immunized volunteers who failed to produce anti-Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 or sporozoite antibody. For the two non-TT preimmunized volunteers, one produced an antisporozoite fluorescence titer of 320; the other made no detectable antibody against either Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 or sporozoites during a primary response. For the three volunteers monitored, after the first injection, significant T cell proliferative responses to (NANP)3 were observed, which increased up to 4 wk after immunization, when a second injection was given. Responsiveness then declined to background levels and did not reappear after further immunizations. In contrast, a marked TT-specific proliferation was observed for the duration of the study.
Adult↗
Magnetic resonance imaging of dysraphic myelodysplasia. Findings in 56 children and adolescents with postrepair meningomyelocele.
The spinal cord in 56 children and adolescents was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) many years after neonatal surgery on a meningomyelocele (average age 12 years). In a high percentage of cases, the diagnosis "tethered cord" was made. Associated anomalies were found with a frequency of 21%. Typical findings are presented and the impact of these results on therapy planning is discussed.
Child↗
Interference between strains in live virus vaccines, I: Combined vaccination with measles, mumps and rubella vaccine.
One to four different lots of four commercially available trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccines were tested for their efficacy as measured by the induction of antibodies to the three vaccine viruses. All of the products were satisfactory although a 100% seroconversion rate was attained regularly only with rubella vaccine. The live virus in the different measles and mumps vaccine components and especially the relative amounts of measles to mumps virus varied widely. Obviously, the efficacy of a vaccine should not be judged only by the virus content. Of main importance is the further adjustment of the dosage of the interfering vaccine virus strains in relation to their attenuation.
Antibodies, Viral↗