Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Jouvet.
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Using a retrograde tracer technique with horseradish peroxidase, we have identified the afferent connections to the visual cortex from the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum (locus coeruleus, nucleus parabrachialis medialis and nucleus parabrachialis lateralis) as well as from the dorsal raphe nucleus.
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(1) The bilateral destruction of the region of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle in the isthmus or in the mesencephalon induces a significant increase of both paradoxical sleep (PS) (up to 400%) and of slow-wave sleep (SWS). The increase of PS lasts for 4-5 days while the increase of SWS lasts at least 8-10 days. The same phenomenon is observed after total hypophysectomy. (2) control lesions effectuated in the isthmus outside the area of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle do not affect significantly the slee-walking cycle. (3) pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine suppresses the increase of sleep if the lesion is effectuated at the time of maximum insomnia, while a significant increase of PS is still observed if the lesion is made at the time of the recovery of sleep. (4) the mechanisms of this hypersomnia are discussed in light of the biochemical results showing an increase of the biosynthesis of serotonin in the rostral raphe system. It is postulated that some neurons of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle might tonically control the activity of the raphe system.
In two inbred mice strains C 57 BR and C 57 BL/6 presenting the same type of sleep, but a different capacity of learning, Alpha-Methyl-Dopa (100 mg/kg) injected after every session, suppresses paradoxical sleep completely for 9 to 11 h. Maze-learning performance is retarded in C 57 BR mice, but facilitated in C 57 BL/6.
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Detailed observation of a case of laminar necrosis of almost the whole of the cerebral cortex has led to several deductions concerning the physiology of the cortex in man. It suggests that the cortex has a limited influence on sleep, interfering particularly in the electro-encephalographic translation of slow sleep and, curiously, in the organisation of sleep, paradoxical sleep is hardly affected at all. It confirms the importance of the human cortex in the acquisition of elementary skills and describes a new oculomotor pattern in a decorticate man.
The oral administration of 160-250 mg/kg of chloramphenicol selectively suppresses Paradoxical Sleep in the cat for a duration of 10-20 hours. Larger doses (330 mg/kg) suppress Paradoxical Sleep for 27 hours, but aslso decrease Slow Wave Sleep. At the same dose, Thiamphenicol has no effect.
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