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Biomedical subjects

M Jahangiri

Publications and source records attributed to M Jahangiri.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Elevated plasma lipid hydroperoxides in patients with coronary artery disease.

Sustained presence of lipid peroxides in the circulation and their plasma carrier is a controversial issue. Particularly, there is no firm evidence for an increased plasma lipid peroxide level in patients with atherosclerosis. In this study, a strong correlation was found between plasma total lipid hydroperoxide and lipid hydroperoxide content of LDL cholesterol (r = 0.882; p < 0.001; n = 16). Lipid hydroperoxides in plasma were carried almost exclusively (89%) in LDL. In 70 patients tested 3 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with a specific assay, plasma lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly increased when compared with matched healthy controls (4.31 +/- 0.23 nmol/ml and 2.34 +/- 0.13 nmol/ml, p < 0.0001, patients vs controls, respectively). These concentrations are 10 times lower than those detected by the nonspecific thiobarbituric acid assay. However, considering the in vitro concentration range in which oxidized LDL exerts important atherogenic effects, the elevated plasma lipid hydroperoxide levels measured in atherosclerotic patients have pathologic significance.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Coagulation factor abnormalities after the Fontan procedure and its modifications.

OBJECTIVE: Recently we reported the prevalence of thromboembolism in patients who underwent the Fontan procedure and its modifications. Although hemodynamic factors may well contribute to thromboembolism, recent evidence suggests that coagulation factor abnormalities may also play a role. We therefore set out to investigate the coagulation status in a group of patients who had undergone the Fontan procedure. METHODS: The study population consists of 20 children who had undergone the Fontan procedure and its modifications. They were examined for coagulation factor abnormalities. Concentrations of serum albumin, total protein, and liver enzymes were also measured. The median age at the time of the operation was 6.2 years (17 months to 8 years) with a male/female ratio of 2.3:1. The median time from the Fontan repair was 4.9 years (18 to 76 months). RESULTS: Protein C (p < 0.001), protein S (p < 0.02), and factor VII (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than the normal range. The changes in serum albumin and total protein and factors II, IX, and X were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that deficiency in protein C, protein S, and factor VII partly account for the prevalence of thromboembolism after Fontan-type repairs. The risk of long-term anticoagulation should be weighed against the best palliative procedure for these patients. We suggest that reduced protein C, protein S, and factor VII levels in this group of patients should be regarded as risk factors and that such patients should be treated with anticoagulants.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Full-field direct digital telemammography: technical components, study protocols, and preliminary results.

The early detection of breast cancer increases the survival rate in women. Today, film-screen mammography is the most common and effective technique for the detection of breast cancer. However, the film-screen image recording system of current mammography has several technical limitations that can reduce the breast cancer diagnostic accuracy. A state-of-the-art technology, full-field direct digital mammography (FFDDM) has the potential to increase the sensitivity of clinical and screening examinations and emerge as a film-screen mammography replacement. It is believed that efficiently delivering the superior image quality of FFDDM to expert mammographers will significantly increase the breast cancer diagnostic accuracy. This concept motivates the studies of FFDDM telemammography. In this paper, we will report the FFDDM telemammography project that is being conducted in our facility. The fundamental technology of the FFDDM system and the characteristics of FFDDM images are described. Our research approach is through three protocols: telediagnosis, teleconsultation, and telemanagement. Each of these study protocols is defined. To conduct this FFDDM telemammography project, an asynchronous transfer-mode-network-based telemammography system is developed across two remote campuses in our facility. The architecture of this system is detailed. Unlike other medical imaging modalities, the matrix of an FFDDM image is huge. How to present the image information to mammographers via currently available display media is a challenging task. Our display approaches for the FFDDM images are described. Some preliminary study results from the current phase of this study are reported.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

A surgical approach to coexistent coronary and carotid artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the early results of combined coronary artery bypass graft surgery and carotid endarterectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective and ongoing analysis of patients who underwent combined coronary artery bypass graft surgery and carotid endarterectomy. SETTING: Cardiothoracic unit in a London teaching hospital. PATIENTS: From June 1987 to March 1995, 64 patients were identified. They were patients who were scheduled to have coronary artery bypass graft surgery or required urgent coronary revascularisation and who were found to have significant coexistent carotid disease. (Unilateral carotid stenosis > 70%, bilateral carotid stenosis > 50%, or unilateral carotid stenosis > 50% with contralateral occlusion.) INTERVENTIONS: Both procedures were performed during one anaesthesia: the carotid endarterectomy was performed first without cardiopulmonary bypass. After completion of carotid endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and myocardial infarction in the early postoperative period was analysed. RESULTS: Myocardial revascularisation was successful in all 64 patients. There were no perioperative infarcts. In three patients (4.7%) a new neurological deficit developed postoperatively: two recovered fully before hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Combined coronary artery bypass graft surgery and carotid endarterectomy were performed safely and with good results.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the short term results and long term survival of patients on long term dialysis undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 19 patients on established dialysis who underwent coronary revascularisation between 1983 and 1995; 14 patients (73%) had class IV angina and five (25%) had unstable angina requiring heparin and nitrate infusions before surgery. RESULTS: The 30 day mortality was 5%. Follow up was completed in the remaining 18 patients. The mean follow up time was 34 months (range eight to 61). During the follow up period four patients died of cardiac causes. The actuarial survival at one, two, and three years was 87%, 78%, and 59%, respectively. The overall functional status was significantly improved compared to preoperative levels, with a mean Karnofsky score of 76% (p < 0.01) at three years. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery can be performed with increased but acceptable morbidity and mortality in chronic dialysis patients. It results in considerable improvement in symptoms and functional status. However, long term survival is limited and this requires further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Emergency thoracotomy for thoracic trauma in the accident and emergency department: indications and outcome.

To assess the efficacy of emergency thoracotomy performed for thoracic trauma in the accident and emergency department, a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent this procedure and were brought to hospital by the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service was carried out. Between 1991 and 1994, 16 patients had emergency thoracotomy performed in the accident department. Twelve patients had sustained blunt trauma and four patients had sustained penetrating injuries. Three patients first assessed at the scene and 11 patients on arrival at the emergency department had Glasgow Coma Scores < 3. Eight thoracotomies were performed by the cardiothoracic team and eight by the trauma team. There was one survivor in this group; he had been stabbed at multiple sites and emergency thoracotomy was required to control bleeding from an intercostal vessel. Our results demonstrate experience of one of the first phase Level One trauma centres in the United Kingdom. From our small series, we believe that selection criteria for emergency thoracotomy in trauma patients need to be revised. From this series and a review of the literature, patients with penetrating injuries, vital signs at the scene and those with a high index of suspicion for tamponade seem to benefit most from thoracotomy in the emergency setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The role of mediastinoscopy in superior vena caval obstruction.

The role of mediastinoscopy in superior vena caval obstruction is not defined. To examine the safety and efficacy of mediastinoscopy, we reviewed 34 patients with superior vena caval obstruction who required mediastinoscopy to establish a histologic diagnosis after less invasive techniques had failed. They were referred to one surgical team between 1982 and 1993. Of the 34 patients, 26 had lung cancer, 6 had lymphoma, 1 had malignant thymoma, and 1 had fibrosing mediastinitis. Definitive tissue diagnosis was obtained in all patients. There was one complication of mediastinoscopy where arterial bleeding from the innominate artery occurred and limited sternotomy was required to control the bleeding. We conclude that mediastinoscopy is a safe and effective technique for establishing histologic diagnosis in superior vena caval obstruction when less invasive techniques have been unsuccessful. The use of blind radiotherapy means that patients with lymphoma and small cell carcinoma will not receive optimum therapy with chemotherapy and patients with benign lesions will receive inappropriate therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Surgery for radiation-induced valvular disease.

The effects of radiation on the heart have been well described including acute and chronic pericarditis, myocardial fibrosis, accelerated arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries. However, valvular dysfunction secondary to mediastinal irradiation has received less attention. We report two cases who developed valvular dysfunction associated with coronary artery disease possibly caused by mediastinal irradiation and a review of the literature regarding surgery for radiation induced valvular disease. Both patients underwent aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. With increasingly prolonged survival following mediastinal irradiation, we believe that long term follow up in patients who receive mediastinal irradiation is indicated.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1994

Anatomic correction for post-mustard pulmonary venous obstruction.

Pulmonary artery banding and arterial switch operation as a two-stage approach have offered a surgical solution to the failing right ventricle after intraatrial repair of the transposition of the great arteries. Banding of the pulmonary artery increases the resistance to the left ventricular output and, therefore, "prepares" the left ventricle for supporting the systemic circulation and arterial switch operation. We report a case of anatomic correction for transposition of the great arteries after intraatrial repair (Mustard's operation) in which the left ventricle was retrained serendipitously as a consequence of pulmonary venous obstruction complicating Mustard's procedure.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Thromboembolism after the Fontan procedure and its modifications.

The frequency of thromboembolism after the Fontan procedure has not been specifically addressed. Seventy patients underwent this operation between 1987 and 1992, and complete information was available on 64. Forty-five had a right atrium-pulmonary artery anastomosis, 17 had a total cavopulmonary connection, and 2 had a right atrium-right ventricle anastomosis. No patient received anticoagulants for more than 8 months postoperatively. Seven patients died in the early postoperative period (< 30 days). Ten cases of thromboembolism were identified in the follow-up, which ranged from 6 to 55 months (mean follow-up, 24.5 +/- 17 months). They occurred 7 days to 4.5 years after the Fontan repair. Seven thombi were on the systemic venous or pulmonary aspect of the circulation and three, on the systemic arterial aspect. Freedom from thromboembolism was 75% at 4 years. We conclude that thromboembolism is common after the Fontan procedure; it can occur several days to years postoperatively; it is an important cause of morbidity; and it may partly explain late death after the Fontan operation. Our data suggest that all patients undergoing this procedure require long-term anticoagulant therapy.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1994

Prevention of phantom pain after major lower limb amputation by epidural infusion of diamorphine, clonidine and bupivacaine.

Phantom limb pain may appear in up to 85% of patients after amputation. There is no effective treatment. Perioperative epidural infusion of morphine and bupivacaine, alone or in combination, is effective in preventing phantom limb pain in patients with pre-existing limb pain. Serious side-effects, however, make them difficult to manage on a general ward. Clonidine has been shown to be an effective postoperative analgesia when applied epidurally. To mitigate the potentially serious side-effects of all these drugs, we have studied their combined efficiency in preventing phantom limb pain in a prospective controlled study of 24 patients undergoing lower limb amputation. In the study group (n = 13), an epidural infusion containing bupivacaine 75 mg, clonidine 150 micrograms and diamorphine 5 mg in 60 ml normal saline was given at 1-4 ml/h 24-48 h preoperatively and maintained for at least 3 days postoperatively. The control group (n = 11) received on-demand opioid analgesia. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scale at 7 days, 6 months and 1 year. At 1 year follow-up, one patient in the study group and eight patients in the control group had phantom pain (P < 0.002) and two patients in the study group versus eight patients in the control group had phantom limb sensation (P < 0.05). There was no significant improvement in stump pain. We conclude that perioperative epidural infusion of diamorphine, clonidine and bupivacaine is safe and effective in reducing the incidence of phantom pain after amputation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Role of mediastinoscopy in superior vena cava obstruction.

BACKGROUND: The role of mediastinoscopy in superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) is not clearly defined. The authors set out to examine the efficacy and safety of mediastinoscopy in SVCO. METHODS: They reviewed 14 patients referred to one surgical team over an 8-year period (1982-1990) who required mediastinoscopy to establish a histologic diagnosis after other less invasive procedures had not established the diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 14 patients, 11 had lung cancer, 2 had lymphoma, and 1 had malignant thymoma. Definitive tissue diagnosis was obtained in 13 cases. Mediastinoscopy was unsuccessful in one of the cases because no pathologic tissue could be identified at the time of the procedure. Tissue diagnosis could only be obtained in this patient after mediastinotomy, and a lymphoma was found. There was one complication of mediastinoscopy; one patient had arterial bleeding from the innominate artery that required limited sternotomy to control the bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that mediastinoscopy is a safe and effective technique for establishing a histologic diagnosis in SVCO when less invasive techniques have been unsuccessful. The use of blind radiation therapy cannot be justified on an emergency basis; failure to obtain a histologic diagnosis will result in up to 20% of patients receiving inappropriate radiation therapy, making subsequent tissue diagnosis very difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: where should it be treated?

A retrospective analysis in the form of an audit into the management of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in a district general hospital has revealed that the results are equivalent to that of published data from specialised units. It is stressed in this study that close co-operation has to be maintained between paediatricians and surgeons in the care of these infants. The diagnosis can be made on clinical grounds in the majority of cases. The operation has to be carried out by experienced surgeons and anaesthetists. The morbidity can be minimised under these circumstances and pyloromyotomy can be performed safely in a district general hospital.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Myocardial infarction secondary to dipyridamole overdose.

A case of myocardial infarction secondary to dipyridamole overdose is described in a 62-year-old woman with longstanding angina. Therapeutic doses of dipyridamole are associated with reversible myocardial ischaemia in a proportion of patients but serious adverse events are rare (Homma et al., 1987). To our knowledge this is the first reported case of dipyridamole overdose in the literature.

Dipyridamole↗
PubMed1992

Naproxen-associated vasculitis.

Three cases of digital vasculitis attributable to naproxen ingestion are reported. The vasculitic changes were reversed by withdrawal of the drug. These three cases emphasize the need to consider drug sensitivity as a cause of unexplained digital vascular lesions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Accidental poisoning with podophyllin.

Podophyllin is available without prescription and is commonly used in the topical treatment of warts. We describe a case of accidental ingestion of podophyllin, mistaken for cough linctus, and its resultant toxicity.

Humans↗