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M Jadoul

Publications and source records attributed to M Jadoul.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Hepatitis G virus infection in haemodialysed patients: epidemiology and clinical relevance.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of infection by the recently discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV) in haemodialysed (HD) patients, are poorly defined. METHODS: All 119 HD patients from two Belgian units selected for their different hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalences (A: 19.2%, B: 3.4%) were tested for the presence of HGV-RNA, using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and primers from the 5'-NC and NS 5a genome regions. The results of anti-HCV antibodies and alamine aminotransferase levels (ALT) at the time of RT-PCR, number of transfusions from the onset of HD, and time on HD were retrieved from the medical charts. Forty patients were retested by RT-PCR 3-64 months later. RESULTS: HGV-RNA was detected with both sets of primers in 11/78 patients (14.1%) from centre A and 8/41 patients (19.5%) from centre B, for an average prevalence of 16%. One patient was indeterminate (positive with one set of primers). The presence of HGV-RNA correlated neither with time on HD (P = 0.18), nor with the number of transfusions on HD (P = 0.14). It was associated with the presence of anti-HCV antibodies in centre A (P < 0.01) but not B (P > 0.5). Twenty-seven initially negative (-) patients (A: n = 18; B: n = 9) were retested: two became positive (+) both in the absence of transfusions for years, giving a yearly incidence of 1.7%. The 13 initially HGV-RNA (+) patients remained so over time (33 patient-years). The presence of HGV-RNA alone does not increase significantly the ALT level, in contrast to the strong influence of HCV. CONCLUSION: The prevalence and yearly incidence of HGV infection are 16% and 1.7%, respectively, in our HD patients. Neither the number of transfusions on HD nor the time on HD are significant risk factors. Although mixed HCV/HGV infections indicate common risks, the prevalence of HCV in a particular setting does not predict prevalence of HGV. As new infections are detected in the absence of blood transfusions, HGV may be another marker of nosocomial viral transmission. Once acquired, the infection persists for many years in HD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in hemodialyzed patients: a multicentric study.

The few studies concerning HCV genotypes in hemodialyzed patients concerned small groups of patients, issued from single units. Using the RFLP typing method in the 5' non-coding region (5' NCR), we performed the genotyping of HCV strains of 80 patients issued from 14 Belgian dialysis units. Forty-seven of the 80 patients were also tested by Inno-Lipa II (Innogenetics, Gent, Belgium). Sixty-four of 80 patients (80%) were infected with subtype 1b, 2 (2.5%) with subtype 1a, 6 (7.5%) with subtype 2a and 1 (1%) with subtype 2b; 6 patients (7.5%) showed a type 4 and 2 patients (2.5%) a type 5 infection, respectively. Only 1 patient (1%) showed a mixed infection (1a and 1b). In the 47 patients tested by both methods, we observed a very good agreement (98%) between RFLP and Inno-Lipa II's results. Our multicentric study detected HCV genotypes 4 or 5 in 8/80 (10%) of hemodialyzed patients in Belgium. The substantial prevalence of these genotypes could not be fully explained by a nosocomial spread of HCV infection: indeed, four patients belonged to dialysis units located in different cities, and two appeared infected with distinct subtypes in a same unit. Thus, the discovery of a "rare" HCV genotype in several hemodialyzed patients does not always point to nosocomial HCV transmission.

Belgium↗
PubMed1997

[Prevention of hepatitis C virus transmission in hemodialysis].

The strategy to prevent hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission to hemodialysed patients includes the screening of blood donors, the use of erythropoietin and the actual, strict application of Universal Precautions. In particular, articles should not be shared between patients, gloves changed and handwashing performed systematically after caring for a patient. The isolation of anti HCV (+) hemodialysed patients is not warranted. The prevention of HCV transmission to staff members relies mainly on the prevention of accidental needlestick injuries.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1996

Radioiodine treatment of thyroid carcinoma in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

To deliver optimal radioiodine activity in hemodialyzed patients with thyroid carcinoma, the behavior of radioiodine was followed during six treatments. During hemodialysis, blood activity decreases with a half-life of 3.4 +/- 0.5, (1SD) h. The whole body dose was calculated from the total activity determined during 10 days after 131I administration. A reasonable strategy may consist in delivering 25% of the currently prescribed activity (925 MBq-25 mCi) and to perform the first dialysis session after 24 h to reduce total body irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Transmission routes of HCV infection in dialysis.

Nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to haemodialysed patients, strongly suspected in epidemiological studies, has recently been unequivocally demonstrated by molecular virology reports. Potential transmission mechanisms include staff hands, dialysis monitors, and equipment items shared between patients. The respective involvement of each of these vectors in HCV transmission has not been determined. There is no conclusive data on the reality of HCV transmission by dialyser re-use. Prevention of HCV transmission relies on the use of erythropoietin, blood donor screening for anti-HCV antibodies and the application of 'Universal Precautions' (Atlanta CDC). In contrast, isolation of anti-HCV-positive dialysed patients does not appear to be warranted by prospective studies, as it might increase the risk of co-infection by different HCV strains, would entail additional costs and be at best partially effective. Recent data have shown that HCV transmission may be prevented by the observance of the 'Universal Precautions' without having to isolate HCV+ patients.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1995

Hepatitis C virus.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1995

Rinsing time and disinfectant release of reused dialyzers: comparison of formaldehyde, hypochlorite, warexin, and renalin.

The influence of disinfecting agent (DA) type on the rinsing time of reused dialyzers and DA rebound release after rinsing is unknown. We compared 10 groups of five dialyzers each: cellulose acetate capillaries and AN69 plates disinfected with formaldehyde (F), polysulfone and cuprophane capillaries disinfected with 3.5% Renalin (R; Renal Systems, Minneapolis, MN), polysulfone capillaries and AN69 plates disinfected with 0.5% R, and AN69 capillaries and plates disinfected with Hypochlorite (H; Solvay, Brussels, Belgium) or Warexin (W; Guardian Chemical, Division of United Guardian Inc, Hauppage, NY), respectively. Formaldehyde, R, H, and W were detected by standard tests. The rinsing time required to reach undetectable levels of DA is shortest for H and W, intermediate for R 0.5% and 3.5%, and longest for F (F v R, H, and W; R v H and W; and H v W: P < 0.001). The rebound release 30 minutes after completion of rinsing is the highest for F (average 6 ppm), intermediate for R 0.5% and 3.5% (mean 1.4 ppm, P < 0.002 compared with F and mean 2.95 ppm, P < 0.05 compared with F, respectively), and low (< or = 1 ppm) for W and H (P < 0.001 compared with F and P < 0.01 compared with R 3.5% and 0.5%). We conclude that the dialyzer rinsing time needed to obtain undetectable levels of DA depends on the DA type. In addition, we demonstrate that like F, R is released from reused dialyzers after "adequate rinsing." The potential clinical consequences of this phenomenon require further investigation.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1995

Low molecular weight proteinuria in Chinese herbs nephropathy.

Urinary excretion of five low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) [beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), cystatin C (cyst C), Clara cell protein (CC16), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1m)], albumin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were quantified in 16 patients who followed a weight reduction program which included Chinese herbs, which have been incriminated in the genesis of Chinese herbs nephropathy (CHN). An additional group of four patients transplanted for CHN were investigated. Urinary data were obtained for comparison purpose in five groups of proteinuric patients: two groups with normal serum creatinine (SCr) and glomerular albuminura [12 patients with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria (DN), 10 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (NS)]; two groups with normal SCr and toxic nephropathy [6 patients with analgesic (AN), 9 patients with cadmium nephropathy (CdN)]; and one group of seven patients with glomerular diseases and increased SCr (GN). Patients were classified according to serum level S beta 2m to take into account the possibility of overflow proteinuria at S beta 2m > or = 5 mg/liter. Three patients (CHN0) with a S beta 2m < 5 mg/liter, had a normal urinary protein pattern including NAG and a normal S beta 2m. Eight patients (CHN1) with a S beta 2m < 5 mg/liter had various abnormalities of their urinary protein pattern. In four of them (CHN1a) only beta 2m, RBP and CC16 were increased while total proteinuria and SCr were normal. In the other four (CHN1b and c) albumin, cyst C, alpha 1m and NAG were also elevated, while total proteinuria and SCr were moderately raised. Five patients (CHN2) with a S beta 2m > or = 5 mg/liter had a markedly increased excretion of all LMWP, albumin and NAG (CHN1 vs. CHN2, P < 0.05) as well as a further increase in total proteinuria and SCr. The urinary LMWP/albumin concentration ratio was strikingly higher in CHN patients than in patients with glomerular albuminuria (CHN1 vs. DN and NS, P < 0.01) or moderate renal failure with elevated S beta 2m level (CHN2 vs. GN, P < 0.01), confirming the existence of a tubular proteinuria independent of glomerular albuminuria or overflow proteinuria. A similar proteinuria pattern was present in the two toxic nephropathies (CdN and AN). This pattern was no longer recognizable after transplantation. In conclusion, CHN exhibits various profiles of tubular proteinuria which are the hallmarks of the disease. This pattern is still detectable in patients with renal failure and/or glomerular albuminuria. It is identical to that observed in cadmium and analgesic nephropathies. It does not recur after transplantation. Its most sensitive and reliable marker is a raised urinary level of CC16 or RBP.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Methodology and practical use in hemodialysis of the percentage of urea reduction (PUR)].

The determination of the perdialytic urea reduction ratio (URR) allows the quantification of the dialysis dosage actually delivered to patients. We studied the influence of the timing of the post-dialysis blood sampling on the URR, the reproducibility of URR and the practical steps to be taken to improve our patients' URR. URR (n = 31) is higher when blood sampling is performed before (62.4 +/- 4%) than after restitution of the blood circuit, either at the arterial (61 +/- 4.2%, p < .0001) or venous needle (60.7 +/- 4.2%, p < .50). Once blood sampling modalities are standardized in clinically stable patients with unchanged dialysis technique, URR proves highly reproducible (variation coefficient 2.4 +/- 1.2% of URR). To improve URR in 29 patients, blood flow (n = 20) and/or dialyzer surface (n = 14) were increased. In 3 patients HD session duration was increased. Altogether, the mean URR in these 29 patients rises from 57.1 +/- 3.8% to 63.4 +/- 4.3% (p < .0001). In conclusion, URR is influenced by the modalities of post-dialysis blood sampling. URR is reproducible in clinically stable patients with unchanged dialysis technique. URR was significantly improved in our patients by adaptations of HD technique (mainly blood flow and dialyzer surface).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against human interleukin-10 and their use in an ELISA for the measurement of this cytokine.

Biological and biochemical characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (MABs) raised against human interleukin-10 (IL-10) are described as well as their use in the design of a specific ELISA for the measurement of the cytokine. 21 murine anti-human interleukin-10 (IL-10) MABs were obtained by fusion of splenocytes from mice immunized against human recombinant IL-10 with SP2/0 myelomatous cells. These antibodies define three major antigenic areas on the IL-10 molecule, one of which comprises epitopes involved in receptor binding and induction of biological activity. They recognize recombinant human IL-10 with affinities ranging from 1.3 x 10(-7) to 3 x 10(-11), as well as natural IL-10. Most of them also recognize viral IL-10 (vIL-10) encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A specific human-IL-10 ELISA has been developed using two MABs (18 and 19) as capture antibody and one MAB (17) as detector. The sensitivity (3 pg/ml), precision (intra-assays < 4%), reproducibility (interassay < 3%), and accuracy (recoveries, ranging between 84 and 107%, in several fluids) of the assay, plus its excellent performance in dilution tests, and the lack of interference when in the presence of possible cross-reactive substances, permits accurate cytokine measurement in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage, urine and culture supernatants. Using the assay, IL-10 was measurable in the plasma of patients with septic shock (range 11-2740 pg/ml) whereas IL-10 plasma levels were < 7.8 pg/ml in healthy volunteers.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗