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Biomedical subjects

M J Webb

Publications and source records attributed to M J Webb.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Short-term in vitro chemosensitivity testing of tumours of the ovary, cervix and uterus. Measurement of DNA metabolism by 3H thymidine incorporation.

A 3-hour biochemical assay was chosen in the present prospective study to determine the in vitro chemosensitivity of tumours of the ovary, cervix and uterus. The basis of the assay was to determine the ability of a panel of cytotoxic drugs to inhibit the proliferative activity of tumour cells in culture, using 3H thymidine as a precursor of DNA synthesis. We found variability in the in vitro responses of individual tumours to the 4 drugs (cisplatin, adriamycin, melphalan, methotrexate). In ovarian cancer, cisplatin and adriamycin produced the best inhibitory effects; serous cystadenocarcinomas were most frequently inhibited by cisplatin, whilst undifferentiated carcinomas were more affected by adriamycin. Only 14% of tumours were sensitive to all 4 drugs. We found a good correlation between in vitro results and in vivo response in the medium term. For cisplatin, the predictive accuracy was 85% for 'sensitive' tumours and 72% for 'resistant' tumours. These findings should increase our confidence in the test as a new aid to planning of chemotherapeutic strategies.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Importance of Environmental pH during Root Development on Phosphate Absorption.

Wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv Gamenya) were grown for 4 days in culture solutions of differing pH prior to studying their subsequent short-term absorption of (32)Pi from solutions of the same or different pH.Increasing pH of the absorption solution from 5.5 to 7.0 or 8.0 depressed (32)Pi absorption from 1 and 10 micromolar Pi but had little effect at 100 and 1000 micromolar Pi. Increasing the pH of the culture solution from 4.5 to 6.5 doubled or trebled subsequent (32)Pi absorption from nearly all absorption solutions over a wide range of Pi concentrations, pH, and nutrient compositions.When seedlings were transferred between culture pH treatments 4.5 and 6.5, their capacity for (32)Pi absorption remained unchanged for at least 5 hours and adjusted by 60 to 80% after 24 hours and completely after 48 hours. This suggests that the root's capacity to absorb Pi responds to pH through slow structural changes in its mechanism of Pi absorption. P content and concentration of wheat seedlings reflected the response of (32)Pi absorption to culture pH.It is suggested that absorption pH affects an activity component of the process for Pi absorption and culture pH affects a capacity component. Failure to recognize the capacity component of the pH response explains why previously published results for short-term (32)Pi absorption conflict with those for long-term P accumulation in plants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Chemosensitivity testing of ovarian cancer: results of a rapid in vitro biochemical assay.

There is a need for a predictive test which will assist in the selection of an effective cytotoxic drug and thereby, provide a means of avoiding unnecessary drug-induced toxicity and tumour resistance. In the present study, the viable fraction of the tumour cell suspension from ovarian cancer was used as targets for the effect of the drug, cisplatin, in a 3-hour in vitro assay. DNA synthesis was measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine as an index of proliferative activity and RNA synthesis by the incorporation of 3H-uridine as an index of protein metabolism. There was a good correlation between cell activity as determined by the uptake of thymidine and uridine. The degree of drug inhibition was variable over the spectrum of tumour histologic types; thymidine uptake was significantly inhibited by cisplatin in 53% of serous cystadenocarcinomas, and uridine uptake in 21% of tumours. A clear difference in drug effect was observed between those patients who showed clinical response and those who did not. These results support the value of this assay as an indicator of drug sensitivity of the tumour.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Translocation(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.2) in XX males: etiology of male phenotype.

Analysis of G-banded prometaphase chromosomes from three XX males revealed extra bands on the distal end of one X short arm. These bands were similar both in size and staining properties to the distal Y short arm of their fathers (in the two cases examined) and also to other chromosomally normal males. The extra material on the abnormal X chromosomes was not C- or G-11 positive in the two cases examined, suggesting that the proximal Y long arm was not present. Previous karyotype-phenotype correlations with structurally altered Y chromosomes provided evidence for localization of male determinants on the Y short arm. The present findings in XX males provide support for more precise localization, to bands p11.2 leads to pter of Y short arm.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cyclophosphamide plus cis-platinum in combination: treatment program for stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma.

A randomized prospective comparison of treatment with cyclophosphamide and that with cyclophosphamide and cisplatinum, each in 21 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, has shown that the time to progression of tumor and the duration of survival were markedly improved in the patients receiving the combination chemotherapy. Cytoreductive surgery was performed in most of the patients in the study before the chemotherapy regimen was initiated. Second-look surgery was performed after a year of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy was administered on an outpatient basis, without excessive toxicity. At 2 years, 52.4% of the patients receiving combination therapy had no progression of tumor, whereas 9.5% had no progression of tumor inthe group of patients receiving a single alkylating agent. Survival at 2 years was 61.9% for the combination chemotherapy group and 19.0% for those treated with cyclophosphamide alone. The study demonstrates a striking superiority of combination chemotherapy over single-agent chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Posthysterectomy enterocele and vaginal vault prolapse.

Of 421 patients with posthysterectomy enterocele and vault prolapse, 190 cases are reported for the first time. These 190 patients had 197 operations, 90% were vaginal procedures and 10% were abdominal-presacral suspension procedures; 88% of the operations provided good vaginal support and a satisfactory result. A vaginal repair is advocated for this condition because it provides an excellent result with minimal exposure of the frequently elderly patient to serious risk or disability. An abdominal-presacral suspension is advised only for those patients who are anxious to preserve vaginal function, in whom there is an inversion of an already much-operated-on, snug vagina.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Visual acuity.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Site of recurrence of cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy.

Of 564 patients who underwent radical hysterectomies for cervical cancer. 104 had recurrences. Twenty (3.5%) had recurrence in the central pelvis, and in nine (1.6%), this was the only site of recurrence. Of the patients who had lymph node metastases at the time of radical hysterectomy, 40% subsequently had recurrence compared with 14% who had negative nodes and recurrence. The site of recurrence, however, had no relationship to lymph node involvement, size of the lesion, stage of disease, cell type or grade, or previous pelvic irradiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Stage I squamous cell cancer of the vulva.

A review of 106 patients with Stage I squamous cell cancer of the vulva treated at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 through 1975 is presented. Microinvasive lesions (5 mm penetration or less) were present in 96 patients (91%); invasive lesions (more than 5 mm penetration) were diagnosed in 10 (9%). Inguinal node involvement was present in nine patients (8.4%); one of these also had pelvic node involvement. Recurrence developed in 13 patients (12%). Four patients experienced inguinal node metastasis after initial surgical therapy. The incidence of positive nodes among patients with lesions invading the stroma for 3 mm or less was 3%. Thus, individualization for inguinal lymphadenectomy may be possible according to the age and condition of the patient when the depth of invasion is 3 mm or less.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radical hysterectomy: influence of recent conization on morbidity and complications.

From 1956 through 1975, 610 radical hysterectomies with pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed at the Mayo Clinic. Eighty-eight of these operations were done after conization of the cervix: 7, within 7 days; 74, between 8 and 28 days; and 7, on or after the 29th day. Operative febrile morbidity was not increased in the patients who had conization, and they also required fewer blood transfusions than the patients without previous conization. Incidences of all postoperative complications except pulmonary embolism were lower in the patients with cone biopsy than in those without. Of the 88 patients, 77% received antibiotics prophylactically during the operative period. There appeared to be no serious contraindications to performing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at any interval after diagnostic conization of the cervix.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Different chemotherapeutic sensitivities and host factors affecting prognosis in advanced ovarian carcinoma versus minimal residual disease.

Treatment of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma (stages IIIB and IV) using either cyclophosphamide alone (1 g/m2) or cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2) plus adriamycin (40 mg/m2) by iv injection every 3 weeks each produced partial regression in approximately one third of the patients. Survival curves and time-to-progression curves for the two regimens were nearly identical in these patients with advanced disease. These same regimens produced different results when used monthly in patients who had minimal residual disease (stages II and IIIA). In patients with minimal residual disease the therapeutic index of the combination regimen was superior to that of cyclophosphamide alone. Prognosis was better overall among patients with minimal residual disease than among patients with advanced disease. Within the minimal-disease group grossly complete excision of tumor prior to chemotherapy was associated with still better prognosis. Among patients with advanced disease, prognosis was significantly better for older patients despite their generally less favorable performance scores. Much of this prognostic superiority appeared to be related to menopausal status and presumably to the depletion of endogenous estrogens in the older patients.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1979

Wertheim hysterectomy: a reappraisal.

A total of 610 radical hysterectomies with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed at the Mayo Clinic in the 20-year period from 1956 through 1975. This operative procedure was the primary therapy in 74% of the patients, the others having had previous pelvic irradiation. Operative morbidity, postoperative complications, lymph node involvement, and overall survival were analyzed.

Adolescent↗