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Biomedical subjects

M J Walsh

Publications and source records attributed to M J Walsh.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The current status of multiple sclerosis intra-blood-brain-barrier IgG synthesis.

The status of the central nervous system as an immunologic organ synthesizing IgG in several neurological diseases has been established convincingly in the past two decades. The measurement of intra-BBB IgG synthesis has been accomplished. It has been demonstrated that this synthesis is a potential marker for an abnormal immunologic process within the CNS which if manipulated may be a quantifiable aspect of disease modulation. Modulation of intra-BBB IgG synthesis is feasible, but there is no evidence yet that modulation of this synthesis is an index of effective disease control in MS. Only ACTH and corticosteroids lead to a significant and lasting depression of intra-BBB IgG synthesis, even though clonal eradication is not achieved. Based on our immunopharmacologic studies in MS we have proposed an immunokinetic model. The qualitative analysis of the specificity of IgG synthesized intra-BBB in MS has not led to the etiology of MS, but utilization of quantitative methods may. Questions raised by this review with suggested experiments to advance further our understanding of intra-BBB IgG synthesis as it relates to the etiopathogenesis of MS are included.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1981

Multiple sclerosis serum and cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin binding to Fc receptors of oligodendrocytes.

Suspensions of bovine oligodendrocytes were used to study the immunofluorescent staining properties of sera from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and normal individuals. All sera (14 MS patients, 8 patients with other neurological diseases, and 11 normal individuals) showed positive oligodendrocyte staining by indirect immunofluorescence. Staining persisted after extensive absorption of sera with bovine liver to remove nonspecific binding. Similar findings were obtained for cerebrospinal fluid from all 5 MS patients as well as all 5 patients with other neurological diseases. In additional studies to determine if binding is mediated by the Fc fragment of IgG, results were: (1) ultracentrifuged normal and MS sera failed to react with oligodendrocytes, (2) positive staining with oligodendrocytes was observed after heat aggregation of IgG, (3) ox red blood cells, complexed with antibody, reacted with oligodendrocytes to produce strong rosette formation, and (4) the rosette formation could be blocked by prior treatment of oligodendrocytes with heat-aggregated IgG. The studies fail to support a previous claim for specific binding of immunoglobulins to oligodendrocytes in MS. However, they confirm and extend previous findings that the binding of IgG to oligodendrocytes may not necessarily be an antigen-antibody reaction. Therefore, adherence reactions with a putative antibody must exclude Fc-mediated binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Quantification of de novo central nervous system IgG measles antibody synthesis in SSPE.

De novo central nervous system (CNS) IgG measles antibody synthesis rate was determined in two patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Cerebrospinal fluid and sera were incubated with different concentrations of measles virus to determine maximum absorption of IgG. The difference in IgG concentration before and after incubation was considered the amount of measles-specific IgG antibody. Various tests were done to assess the immunological specificity of the absorption test. Using our empirical formula, the de novo CNS IgG measles antibody synthesis rate for one patient with SSPE was 57 mg/day, or 59% of the total CNS IgG synthesis rate; for the other it was 145 mg/day, or 82%. Daily determination of CNS measles antibody by empirical formula provides a quantification of humoral immunity in SSPE that corrects for both passage of measles antibody across a damaged blood-brain barrier and the effect of an elevated blood antibody level.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Differential identification of mycobacteria in smears of sputum.

As a test of their ability to differentiate mycobacteria in Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears of sputum, 4 readers examined an assortment of 200 smears, of which half were known to contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis and half were known to contain atypical mycobacteria. In 2 separate trials, readers made a prediction of either 'typical' or 'atypical' for each smear. Reader consistency between trials ranged from 69.5% to 86.5%, indicating that readers were basing their predictions on definite criteria. Overall accuracy ranged from 62.5% to 80%, with experienced readers being the most accurate. Reliability of readers' predictions was influenced by smear positivity, but certain smears exhibited uncharacteristic features which led to incorrect predictions. When considered along with other available data, smear-based presumptive diagnosis can assist the clinician in his management of the patient with suspected tuberculosis in the period before culture results are known.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1980

Handgun control.

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Humans↗
PubMed1979

Left-to-right transfer of language dominance: a case study.

Partial recovery from aphasia was documented in an individual rendered hemiplegic and globally aphasic by embolic infarction in the distribution of the left middle cerebral artery. Computed tomography showed total destruction of the classical left hemisphere language areas, indicating that the right hemisphere was responsible for the improved linguistic function. This observation is consistent with right hemisphere language capacity demonstrated after left hemispherectomy or commissurotomy. Right hemisphere language function may underlie much of the recovery from aphasia after injury of the left hemisphere.

Aphasia↗