Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M J Turner

Publications and source records attributed to M J Turner.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The miscarriage clinic: an audit of the first year.

We preview the results of the first year in a Miscarriage Clinic set up in 1989 in an effort to improve the support and counselling of women who have a miscarriage. Of 381 patients referred, 79% attended. The only statistically significant difference between the women who attended and those who did not attend was in the proportion of women who had planned their pregnancies (65% versus 33%, P less than 0.01). Of the 300 patients who attended, 4% reported no grief reaction; 75% experienced a reaction which had resolved within one month and 21% experienced a reaction which had not resolved. No factor was identified which could predict the duration of the grief reaction. This audit demonstrates that there is a strong demand and need for this service for couples who experience a miscarriage.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

Purification and characterization of a protective antigen from Eimeria tenella.

Chickens were partially protected against coccidiosis induced by Eimeria tenella by using extracts prepared from sonicated sporulated oocysts or from sonicated sporozoites. Following gel filtration of either extract, most of the protective antigens were confined to a single pool of proteins in the molecular mass range between 20 and 30 kDa. Further purification of proteins from the protective pool of sporulated oocyst extract yielded a protective polypeptide with a molecular mass of 26 kDa. An antiserum raised to this pool identified a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 22 kDa in the protective pool from a similarly prepared extract of sporozoites of E. tenella. In subsequent studies, this antiserum was used as an aid in cloning protective polypeptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dynamic skinfold thickness measurement in infants fed breast-milk, low- or high-sodium formula.

A stratified sample of normal infants born at term at Johannesburg Hospital, who attended the hospital for a routine 6-week follow-up visit, were selected to include 43 infants who were exclusively breast-fed, 42 fed a low-sodium formula and 39 fed a high-sodium formula (greater than 10 mmol sodium/l). Dynamic skinfold thickness measurements (DSTM), designed to assess the amount of interstitial fluid, were performed on each infant by the application of a skinfold caliper for a 3-second sampling period at two sites. The curves generated by these applications were recorded and analysed by microcomputer. There were no differences between any of the feeding groups for DSTM measurements of blood pressure suggesting that the range of sodium ingested by these groups of infants had no significant effects on extracellular water content. However, using multiple linear regression, both DSTM and blood pressure were best predicted by body weight and not by age or any other anthropometric measurement. Thus the normal postnatal decrease in extracellular fluid volume and increase in blood pressure appears to be most closely related to an increase in body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of abdominal Ivalon rectopexy on bowel habit and rectal wall.

Bowel habit in 57 rectal prolapse patients was assessed before and after abdominal Ivalon rectopexy. There was a significant (chi-square = 8.7, P less than 0.01) increase in prevalence of constipation from 30 percent before to 51 percent after surgery. There were two explanations for this increased constipation. It was mainly the result of a 28 percent increase in prevalence of constipation among patients who were incontinent before rectopexy. Incontinent prolapse patients were more likely to acquire a predictable bowel habit after rectopexy if they became constipated. There was also a small (7 percent) increase in prevalence of constipation among continent patients, which could be attributed to the rectopexy procedure. In a subgroup of 15 patients, rectal wall thickness after rectopexy was assessed by pelvic computed tomographic scan carried out before and after surgery, or at more than one year after surgery. There was a significant (t = 4.5, P less than 0.001) increase in rectal wall thickness by 24 weeks after rectopexy, compared with before operation. This increase was also seen in a further five patients undergoing abdominal rectopexy without Ivalon sponge, suggesting that it was a consequence of rectal mobilization rather than the Ivalon sponge. This increased rectal wall thickness may impede the passage of formed stool into the lower rectum and contribute to the increased constipation found after rectopexy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Induction of labour postdates in primiparae using vaginal prostaglandin tablets.

The management of pregnancy after 40 completed weeks remains controversial because induction of labour has been, in the past, associated with an increase in the incidence of caesarean section. This study examined the use of vaginal prostaglandin tablets for the induction of labour in selected primiparae after forty one weeks of pregnancy. The outcome of prostaglandin induction in 118 consecutive patients was compared with the outcome in 90 consecutive patients who went into labour spontaneously at the same gestation before induction could be undertaken. The active management of labour was applied in both groups and, therefore, the management of labour was strictly standardised. There was no difference between the two groups in the mode of delivery. Nor was prostaglandin induction associated with an increased incidence of prolonged labour. In selected primiparae, the cautious use of vaginal prostaglandin tablets can induce labour successfully postdates without increasing the complications of labour. A larger study is required to examine the effects of the induction of labour at this gestation on the fetal outcome.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1990

A clinical review of cervicography.

A new investigative modality, cervicography, has been advocated for cervical screening. In the first 51 patients referred for colposcopy because of an abnormal cervicogram, none had invasive cancer and 75% had preinvasive cancer. The cervicogram appears superior to cytology but inferior to colposcopy in the detection of cervical pathology. Based on the available evidence, however, cervicography cannot be recommended for universal screening. It may have a role in the follow-up of patients with a mildly abnormal cervical smear, but the optimum management remains early referral for colposcopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Human seminal plasma inhibits the lymphocyte response to infection with Epstein-Barr virus.

Epidemiological studies have shown that infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is most common in the age group in which sexual activity commences. This observation and the recent evidence that EBV replication can occur in the epithelium of the uterine cervix have led to the suggestion that EBV may be sexually transmitted. Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes is important in the control of EBV replication. Using an established lymphocyte regression assay, this study showed that dialyzed human seminal plasma in low concentrations inhibits the normal lymphocyte response to infection with EBV. These results suggest that seminal plasma may facilitate EBV replication in the uterine cervix by inhibition of lymphocyte function. This effect may also be important in the host response to other sexually transmitted viruses and may have some bearing on the etiology of cervical cancer.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of basic protein-specific T cell lines selected from Lewis rats with relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in Lewis rats by intraperitoneal immunization with guinea pig whole central nervous system tissue. Basic protein (BP)-specific T cell lines selected from rats with relapsing EAE proliferated in response to BP, the 44-89 peptidase fragment of BP and the synthetic peptide, S72-89, as did lines selected from rats with non-relapsing EAE induced by immunization with guinea pig BP. BP-specific T cell lines selected from rats with relapsing EAE transferred acute but not relapsing EAE. BP-specific T cell lines selected from Lewis rats with relapsing EAE appear not to differ from those selected from rats with non-relapsing EAE.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A family of glycolipid linked proteins in Eimeria tenella.

A number of proteins in Eimeria tenella are shown to possess a carbohydrate similar to that found on the carboxyl terminus of the variant surface glycoprotein from Trypanosoma brucei. In trypanosomes, this carbohydrate is part of a glycolipid structure responsible for membrane attachment. In common with the variant surface glycoprotein and with other glycolipid linked proteins, the E. tenella proteins were shown to be hydrophobic. Treatment with a crude lipase preparation from T. brucei modifies these proteins to a water-soluble form.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Detection of free radicals during the cellular metabolism of adriamycin.

Experiments were conducted to determine which free radicals are generated during the metabolism of adriamycin (ADM) by canine tracheal epithelial (CTE) cells, guinea pig enterocytes, and rat hepatocytes. The technique employed in this study was spin trapping; the spin trap utilized was 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO). The spin adduct 2-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl (DMPO-OH) was observed during the metabolism of ADM by CTE cells. However, the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide to the in vitro system suggested that superoxide is initially spin trapped by the nitrone, and that the adduct 2-hydroperoxy-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl (DMPO-OOH) is rapidly bioreduced to afford DMPO-OH. The addition of superoxide dismutase to the system indicated that superoxide generation was primarily intracellular. The adriamycin semiquinone free radical (ADM-SQ) was produced during the metabolism by enterocytes and hepatocytes. The rate of the production of ADM-SQ was enhanced under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that molecular oxygen was responsible for the degradation of this carbon-centered free radical. However, spin trapping of oxygen radicals was not observed; this observation suggests that these reactive intermediates are not produced at concentrations sufficient for detection by spin-trapping experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Enhancement of collapsed lung: a potential pitfall in CT interpretation.

In the presence of a pleural effusion there may be compression of adjacent lung causing segmental atelectasis. In some effusions minor degrees of atelectasis give rise to a fine rim of enhancing lung on computerized tomographic (CT) examination which should not be misinterpreted as extravasated contrast from aortic or oesophageal lumen.

Aged↗