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Biomedical subjects

M J Smith

Publications and source records attributed to M J Smith.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Further studies on the suppression of luteinizing hormone release due to activation of medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area mu-opioid receptors.

Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that specific activation of mu-opioid receptors in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area with [D-Ala2, N Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO) suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion in the ovariectomized rat [29]. In the present study, three experiments were undertaken to ascertain whether changes in the activity of norepinephrine or dopamine neurons modulate the decrease in luteinizing hormone release in response to DAGO. The first experiment utilized push-pull perfusion in conjunction with HPLC to assess in vivo norepinephrine release in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area in response to perfusion of this site with DAGO (5 micrograms/h). DAGO significantly decreased luteinizing hormone release, but perfusate norepinephrine levels did not change. In the second experiment, push-pull perfusion in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or CSF containing DAGO was done in rats pretreated with the norepinephrine synthesis inhibitor, FLA-63. This drug pretreatment had no effect on the DAGO-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion. In experiment 3, push-pull perfusion in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area with CSF followed by CSF containing DAGO was done in rats pretreated with vehicle, or a dopamine receptor antagonist, either pimozide or d-butaclamol. Neither dopamine receptor antagonist had any effect on the DAGO-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone release. Thus, these studies do not support a role for alterations in the activity of norepinephrine or dopamine neurons in mediating the suppression of luteinizing hormone release in response to activation of mu-opioid receptors in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area in the ovariectomized rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale.

We conducted two studies with medically hospitalized cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients to assess the reliability and validity of a new measure of delirium severity, the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS). The first study used multiple raters who jointly administered the MDAS to 33 patients, 17 of whom met DSM III-R/DSM IV criteria for delirium, 8 met diagnostic criteria for another cognitive impairment disorder (for example, dementia), and 8 had non-cognitive psychiatric disorders (for example, adjustment disorder). Results indicate high levels of inter-rater reliability for the MDAS (0.92) and the individual MDAS items (ranging from 0.64 to 0.99), as well as high levels of internal consistency (coefficient alpha = 0.91). Mean MDAS ratings differed significantly between delirious patients and the comparison sample of patients with other cognitive impairment disorders or no cognitive impairment (P < 0.0002). The second study compared MDAS ratings of 51 medically hospitalized delirious patients with cancer and AIDS made by one clinician to ratings on several other measures of delirium (Delirium Rating Scale, clinician's ratings of delirium severely) and cognitive functioning (Mini-Mental State Examination) made by a second clinician. Results demonstrated a high correlation between MDAS scores and ratings on the Delirium Rating Scale (r = 0.88, p < 0.0001), the Mini-Mental State Examination (r = -0.91, P < 0.0001), and clinician's global ratings of delirium severity (r = 0.89, P < 0.0001). Thus, our findings indicate that the MDAS is a brief, reliable tool for assessing delirium severity among medically ill populations that can be reliably scored by multiple raters. The MDAS is highly correlated with existing measures of delirium and cognitive impairment, yet offers several advantages over these instruments for repeated assessments which are often necessary in clinical research.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Inhibition of thromboxane synthesis attenuates insulin hypertension in rats.

Chronic insulin infusion in rats increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and reduces glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but the mechanisms for these actions are not known. This study tested whether thromboxane synthesis inhibition (TSI) would attenuate the renal and blood pressure responses to sustained hyperinsulinemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with arterial and venous catheters, and MAP was measured 24 h/day. After 4 days of baseline measurements, endogenous synthesis of thromboxane was suppressed in 7 rats by infusing the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, U63557A, intravenously (30 microg/kg/min) for the remainder of the experiment; 7 other rats received vehicle. Baseline MAP was not significantly different between vehicle and TSI rats (96 +/- 1 v 99 +/- 1 mm Hg). After 3 days of U63557A or vehicle, a 5-day control period was started, followed by a 7-day infusion of insulin (1.5 mU/kg/min, intravenously). Glucose (22 mg/kg/min, intravenously) was infused along with insulin to prevent hypoglycemia. In the control period, MAP was not different between vehicle and TSI rats (99 +/- 2 v 100 +/- 1 mm Hg), but MAP increased throughout the 7-day infusion period only in the vehicle rats with an average increase in blood pressure of 7 +/- 2 mm Hg. In the control period, GFR was lower in vehicle rats compared with TSI rats (2.5 +/- 0.1 v 3.1 +/- 0.2 mL/min, P = .06), and the decrease to 81% +/- 4% and 91% +/- 6% of control, respectively, during insulin was significant only in the vehicle rats. All variables returned toward control during a 6-day recovery period. These results suggest that full expression of hypertension and renal vasoconstriction during hyperinsulinemia in rats is dependent on a normal ability to synthesize thromboxane.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Mechanisms underlying memory impairment in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate mechanisms underlying commonly-observed verbal memory impairments in schizophrenia, and especially the hypothesized encoding deficit. METHODS: A verbal memory task was administered to 38 patients with schizophrenia and 38 normal controls. Three functions involved in long-term memory-encoding, early phase of storage, retrieval-were investigated. First, non-organizable lists were compared to semantically-organizable lists in a free recall task, in order to vary encoding conditions. Superficial encoding (measured by a 'sequence' index) and deep encoding (measured by a categorization index) were assessed. Secondly, early storage was investigated by varying the delay between learning and recall. Lastly, cues were provided for organizable lists (semantic cues) and non-organizable lists (recognition sheet), in order to vary retrieval conditions. RESULTS: An analysis of variance revealed an interaction between type of list (organizable, non-organizable) and group, showing that patients used organization less than controls. A further analysis showed that deep encoding was impaired. Also, although the propensity to use superficial encoding was unimpaired, its efficiency was less. The analysis of variance revealed no interaction with delay or with either type of cue. A correlation was found between deep processing and memory performance in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A major deficit in encoding appeared in the patient group, with a lesser use of deep encoding and a lesser efficiency of superficial encoding. On the other hand, the early phase of storage and the retrieval function seemed unaffected. Overall memory performance appeared to be related to the depth of encoding.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Ranitidine bismuth citrate and clarithromycin twice daily in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

BACKGROUND: Ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) 400 mg when given twice daily (b.d.) for 4 weeks with clarithromycin 250 mg four times daily (q.d.s.) for the first 2 weeks effectively heals duodenal ulcers and eradicates Helicobacter pylori. AIMS: To compare two dosage regimens of clarithromycin, 250 mg q.d.s. and 500 mg b.d., used with ranitidine bismuth citrate (Pylorid) 400 mg b.d., for the eradication of H. pylori and for symptom relief in patients with active duodenal ulcers. SUBJECTS: 236 patients with active duodenal ulcer and confirmed H. pylori infection. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, multi-centre study, RBC was given with clarithromycin for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks treatment with RBC alone to allow for ulcer healing. Ulcer status was assessed by endoscopy at entry. H. pylori status was assessed by CLO Test and 13C-urea breath test (UBT) at entry and UBT alone 4 weeks after the end of treatment. At entry, during the study and at follow-up, ulcer symptoms were recorded on a scale of none, mild, moderate or severe. RESULTS: 176 patients had an evaluable UBT at least 4 weeks post-treatment. H. pylori eradication rates were 96.2% for the RBC plus clarithromycin b.d. regimen and 91.8% for the RBC plus clarithromycin q.d.s. regimen (observed data). Four weeks post-treatment, 92% of patients receiving RBC b.d. plus clarithromycin q.d.s. and 89% receiving RBC b.d. plus clarithromycin b.d. were considered symptom successes (none or mild symptoms). CONCLUSIONS: RBC 400 mg b.d. plus clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. was as effective as RBC 400 mg b.d. plus clarithromycin 250 mg q.d.s. in eradicating H. pylori and both regimens were well tolerated. The simpler dual therapy in a b.d. regimen might well encourage greater patient compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Psychosocial aspects of working with video display terminals (VDTs) and employee physical and mental health.

Psychosocial aspects of using video display terminals (VDTs) have been recognized as contributors to employees' mental and physical health problems for more than 15 years. Yet, little has been done by employers to change work organization conditions to improve the psychosocial work environment of VDT users. Thus, psychosocial aspects of work are emerging as one of the biggest problems for VDT users in the late 1990s. This paper explores how psychosocial aspects of VDT work are related to job stress, and their consequences for mental and physical health. Using the research literature, it defines various aspects of work organization and job design that have been shown to be related to VDT users' ill-health. Some of the important work design aspects uncovered include a lack of employee skill use, monotonous tasks, high job demands and work pressure, a lack of control over the job, poor supervisory relations, fear of job loss, and unreliable technology. These are the same job stressors that have been defined as problematic for a variety of blue collar jobs in previous research. Work organization improvements for healthier VDT jobs are proposed. These include organizational support, employee participation, improved task content, increased job control, reasonable production standards, career development, enhanced peer socialization, and improved workstation ergonomics. These organizational improvements are derived from a more detailed organizational strategy for job stress reduction. A model of job redesign through proper 'balancing' of work organization features is discussed.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1997

Influence of moderate daily wine consumption on body weight regulation and metabolism in healthy free-living males.

OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies have clearly demonstrated that energy from alcohol may not be efficiently utilized to maintain body weight when it comprises 20% or more of the daily caloric intake, there is considerable debate regarding the influence of moderate alcohol consumption (< or = 5% of the total daily caloric intake) upon metabolism, substrate utilization and body weight regulation. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to determine whether moderate alcohol consumption could influence body weight via changes in substrate utilization, oxygen consumption or alterations in dietary macronutrient content. METHODS: Fourteen male subjects (mean age = 32.1 years) participated in a 12-week, free-living, crossover trial in which they either drank red wine (270 ml; 13% v/v ethanol) daily for 6 weeks and then abstained for the next 6 weeks or vice-versa. RESULTS: Whether wine was imbibed or not, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were demonstrated for any of the following variables: body weight, body fat percentage, skinfold thickness, resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, caloric intake, dietary macronutrient content, or fasting insulin or glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: In free-living subjects over a 6-week period, the addition of two glasses of red wine to the evening meal does not appear to influence any measured variable which may adversely affect body weight or promote the development of obesity during this time period.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Discrimination accuracy and decision biases in different types of reality monitoring in schizophrenia.

A reality monitoring task was administered to 31 schizophrenic patients and 31 normal controls. Twenty-four items were produced, either orally by the experimenter, orally by the subjects, or seen as pictures. Subjects were later read a list of 48 items and were asked to indicate if each item was new, self-generated, experimenter-generated, or presented as a picture. Results showed that schizophrenic patients were impaired in discriminating old items from new, with a higher bias than controls toward reporting new items as if they were old (false alarms). In addition, patients were impaired in discriminating self-generated items from externally generated items, with a higher bias than controls toward attributing self-generated items to an external source. Lastly, they were significantly impaired in discriminating the modality (auditory versus visual) in which the event was presented. The bias toward remembering orally produced items as pictures was correlated with positive symptomatology and was significantly higher than controls in patients with high levels of positive symptoms. This suggests that mental imagery may play a role in positive symptomatology. These results demonstrate the relevance of studying decision biases along with discrimination performance for the understanding of the mechanisms of reality monitoring impairment in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Glucose metabolism in older adults: a study including subjects more than 80 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to understand the dynamics of glucose metabolism in healthy non-diabetic subjects older than age 80 (old-old) compared with subjects aged 61 to 79 (young-old), as well as to compare healthy older subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with older subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). DESIGN: A cross sectional, observational study. SETTING: A university hospital clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS: There were 28 community-dwelling adults, 10 older than age 80 and 18 aged 61 to 79. Thirteen of these people had NGT and 15 had IGT. Subjects were not taking any medication that interfered with glucose tolerance. MEASUREMENTS: Status of glucose tolerance was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test categorized as NGT or IGT according to WHO criteria. Insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose effectiveness (SG) were assessed using a tolbutamide-assisted intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). The data were analyzed using the Minmod modeling program. Glucose tolerance (K(g)) and the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) were calculated from the IVGTT. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the young-old and old-old in body mass index or in plasma glucose, insulin, or C-peptide levels in the fasting state or during the OGTT. Values for K(g), SI, SG, and AIRg from the IVGTT were similar in the two age groups. When the subjects were classified by glucose tolerance status, the subjects with NGT had age, gender, and body mass index similar to the subjects with IGT. Older people with IGT had a lower K(g) and tended to have higher fasting glucose and similar fasting insulin compared with people with NGT. IGT subjects had lower SI and tended to have lower SG. The AIRg in IGT subjects tended to be low rather than high when compared with older people with NGT. CONCLUSION: Otherwise healthy adults more than 80 years of age have measures of glucose metabolism similar to people aged 61 to 79. The presence of IGT in older adults is associated with insulin resistance, regardless of patient age. We hypothesize that the lack of pancreatic islet compensation for insulin resistance may contribute to impaired glucose tolerance in older adults.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Enzymology of oxidation of tropic acid to phenylacetic acid in metabolism of atropine by Pseudomonas sp. strain AT3.

Pseudomonas sp. strain AT3 grew with dl-tropic acid, the aromatic component of the alkaloid atropine, as the sole source of carbon and energy. Tropic acid-grown cells rapidly oxidized the growth substrate, phenylacetaldehyde, and phenylacetic acid. Crude cell extracts, prepared from dl-tropic acid-grown cells, contained two NAD+-linked dehydrogenases which were separated by ion-exchange chromatography and shown to be specific for their respective substrates, dl-tropic acid and phenylacetaldehyde. Phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase was relatively unstable. The stable tropic acid dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange, molecular-sieve, and affinity chromatography. It had a pH optimum of 9.5 and was equally active with both enantiomers of tropic acid, and at this pH, phenylacetaldehyde was the only detectable product of tropic acid oxidation. The formation of phenylacetaldehyde from tropic acid requires, in addition to dehydrogenation, a decarboxylation step. By analogy with NAD+-specific isocitrate and malate dehydrogenases, phenylmalonic semialdehyde, a 3-oxoacid, would be expected to be the precursor of phenylacetaldehyde. Other workers have established that isocitrate and malate dehydrogenases catalyze the decarboxylation of enzyme-bound or added 3-oxoacid intermediates, a reaction that requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ ions. Studies with tropic acid dehydrogenase were hampered by lack of availability of phenylmalonic semialdehyde, but in the absence of added divalent metal ions, both enantiomers of tropic acid were completely oxidized and we have not, by a number of approaches, found any evidence for the transient accumulation of phenylmalonic semialdehyde.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1997

Thromboxane is required for full expression of angiotensin hypertension in rats.

Recent studies suggest that thromboxane (TX) mediates a significant component of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. However, there is little information to support the hypothesis that this relationship is important during chronic, physiological increases in ANG II, particularly while controlling for variation in endogenous ANG II levels induced by TX inhibition. This study tested that hypothesis in 27 chronically instrumented rats. After baseline measurements, suppression of endogenous TX was induced and maintained throughout the study in 13 rats by i.v. infusion of the TX synthesis inhibitor (TSI) U63557A: the other 14 rats received vehicle. Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) was not different between groups and was unchanged by TSI or vehicle. Continuous inhibition of ANG II production was then initiated in both groups of rats by i.v. infusion of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) benazepril. ACEI reduced blood pressure similarly in vehicle and TSI rats, from 105 +/- 2 to 91 +/- 2 mm Hg and 103 +/- 1 to 89 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively. ANG II was then infused at 5 ng.kg-1.min-1 i.v. for 7 days in six rats from each group to restore ANG II activity to baseline levels. This dose increased MAP to 103 +/- 2 and 101 +/- 1 mm Hg in vehicle and TSI rats, respectively, values not different from pre-ACEI levels. Seven TSI rats and eight vehicle rats received a higher dose of ANG II (20 ng.kg-1.min-1 i.v.). After 7 days, MAP was higher in vehicle than in TSI rats (143 +/- 5 versus 120 +/- 4 mm Hg). These results suggest that endogenous TX is an important determinant of MAP in ANG II hypertension but may have a diminished role in blood pressure regulation when ANG II is at normal and subnormal levels.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1997

Clinical correlates of memory in schizophrenia: differential links between depression, positive and negative symptoms, and two types of memory impairment.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated clinical correlates of memory impairment in schizophrenic patients. In particular, the authors hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be linked to memory efficiency, as found in other clinical populations. In addition, they tested Frith's pathophysiological model predicting links between negative symptoms and failure to respond, as well as between positive symptoms and production of erroneous responses. METHOD: Thirty-one patients were given several memory tasks: long-term free recall of nonorganizable and organizable lists in immediate and delayed conditions, recognition in immediate and delayed conditions, implicit memory (stem completion task), and short-term memory (digit span). Superficial encoding of information was also assessed by the ability to recall the items sequentially; deep encoding was assessed by the ability to organize the items according to their semantic properties. Two types of memory measures were individualized: measures reflecting memory efficiency and measures reflecting production of erroneous memory responses (intrusions, perseverations, false alarms). RESULTS: Consistent correlations appeared between severity of depressive symptoms and measures reflecting deep but not superficial encoding; none, however, was correlated with negative symptoms. Two of the three types of erroneous memory responses were positively linked to positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Efficiency of memory processes relying on deep encoding seemed linked to depressive symptoms. In addition, the two distinct types of impairment predicted by Frith's model were found. The expected link of one with positive symptoms was verified, but the link of the other with negative symptoms was not.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Augmented hepatic and skeletal thyromimetic effects of tiratricol in comparison with levothyroxine.

A thyroid hormone analog with organ-selective effects could have therapeutic application for disorders such as hyperlipidemia and osteoporosis. We performed a randomized clinical trial to determine the specific thyromimetic effects of tiratricol. Twenty-four athyreotic patients underwent detailed metabolic and physiological evaluation after a 2-month baseline period, taking TSH-suppressive doses of L-T4. They were then randomized to blinded treatment with either tiratricol (24 micrograms/kg twice daily) or L-T4 (1.9 micrograms/kg daily). The dose of hormone was increased until the TSH level was less than 0.1 mU/L, and the metabolic and physiological testing was repeated. Comparing the change from baseline to the study drug periods, when serum TSH levels were equivalently suppressed, there were no significant differences between the two groups in resting metabolic rate, weight, urea nitrogen excretion, or symptom score. Plasma total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels declined 13 +/- 4% and 23 +/- 6% in the tiratricol group compared with 2 +/- 2% and 5 +/- 3% in the L-T4 group (P = 0.015 and P = 0.0066, respectively). Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels increased 55 +/- 13% with tiratricol compared with a 1.7 +/- 4% decline with L-T4 (P = 0.0006), indicating an augmented hepatic response to tiratricol. Skeletal metabolic activity was enhanced, with increased levels of serum osteocalcin and urinary excretion of calcium and pyridinium cross-links. Tiratricol and L-T4 had comparable effects on cardiovascular function. Tiratricol has distinct augmented hepatic and skeletal thyromimetic actions of potential therapeutic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Diminished insulin and glucagon secretory responses to arginine in nondiabetic subjects with a mutation in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha/MODY1 gene.

Nondiabetic subjects with the Q268X mutation in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha/MODY1 gene have impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion. To ascertain the effects of the nonglucose secretagogue arginine on insulin and glucagon secretion in these subjects, we studied 18 members of the RW pedigree: 7 nondiabetic mutation negative (ND[-]), 7 nondiabetic mutation positive (ND[+]), and 4 diabetic mutation positive (D[+]). We gave arginine as a 5-g bolus, followed by a 25-min infusion at basal glucose concentrations, and after glucose infusion to clamp plasma glucose at approximately 200 mg/dl. The acute insulin response (AIR), the 10-60 min insulin area under the curve (AUC), and the insulin secretion rate (ISR) were compared, as were the acute glucagon response (AGR) and glucagon AUC. The ND[+] and D[+] groups had decreased insulin AUC and ISR and decreased glucose potentiation of AIR, insulin AUC, and ISR to arginine administration when compared with the ND[-] group. At basal glucose concentrations, glucagon AUC was greatest for the ND[-] group, intermediate for the ND[+] group, and lowest for the D[+] group. During the hyperglycemic clamp, there was decreased suppression of glucagon AUC for both ND[+] and D[+] groups compared with the ND[-] group. The decreased ISR to arginine in the ND[+] group compared with the ND[-] group, magnified by glucose potentiation, indicated that HNF-4alpha affects the signaling pathway for arginine-induced insulin secretion. The decrease in glucagon AUC and decreased suppression of glucagon AUC with hyperglycemia suggest that mutations in HNF-4alpha may lead to alpha-cell as well as beta-cell secretory defects or a reduction in pancreatic islet mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD40 on melanoma cells.

We have previously shown that one of the co-factors required for generation of T-cell responses, B7.1, is variably expressed on melanoma cells. In the present studies we have examined the expression of another important co-factor in T-cell responses, viz., CD40, and investigated regulation of its expression and possible function(s). PCR analysis revealed mRNA for CD40 in all 18 cell lines established from metastatic melanoma and the majority of those from 6 primary melanoma. CD40 protein was detectable in approximately 50% of the cell lines by flow cytometry and in sections from only 2 of 20 melanoma. Expression of CD40 protein was increased in 2 of 3 cell lines with constitutive CD40 expression by interferon-gamma but not by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Interaction of monoclonal antibody with CD40 on melanoma cells resulted in an increase in their cell division but did not increase expression of the costimulatory factor B7. Our results suggest that CD40 expression on melanoma may have important effects on their biology. The influence of CD40 expression on T-cell responses to melanoma remains to be investigated.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1996

Reality monitoring failure in schizophrenia: the role of selective attention.

Reality monitoring and selective attention have been repeatedly shown to be impaired in schizophrenia. Positive symptomatology has been found to be associated with deficits in both reality monitoring and selective attention. Therefore, a direct link between reality monitoring and selective attention was hypothesized. Thirty-two schizophrenic patients and 32 normal controls were administered the Stroop test as a measure of selective attention along with a test of three indices of reality monitoring, involving discrimination of: events vs. non-events, self- vs. externally-generated events, and oral vs. pictorial sources. A global memory test was administered for comparison. Results showed that schizophrenic patients were impaired in both reality monitoring and selective attention, and that these two were significantly correlated with each other in the schizophrenic sample. On the contrary, selective attention was not significantly correlated with memory efficiency in either group. Further, multiple regression analyses in schizophrenic patients showed that only selective attention contributed significantly to the variance in reality monitoring measures. Therefore, the results argue in favor of a specific role of a selective attention deficit in reality monitoring failure in schizophrenia.

Adult↗