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Biomedical subjects

M J Raff

Publications and source records attributed to M J Raff.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Anaerobic osteomyelitis.

We have presented eight case histories of patients with anaerobic osteomyelitis and have reviewed an additional 193 cases from the world literature. The incidence, predisposing factors, clinical localization, bacteriology, modes of presentation and natural history of anaerobic osteomyelitis are discussed. This disease entity appears to be more common than has been previously recognized. Seven distinct clinical syndromes of anaerobic osteomyelitis are described and related to the anatomical locations in which they tend to occur. The signs and symptoms of these entities have been outlined to aid in their recognition by practitioners. An approach to the therapy of anaerobic osteomyelitis is outlined. Emphasis is placed on adequate surgical intervention combined with antimicrobial agents chosen for each particular clinical situation. The lack of definitive data upon which to base a decision regarding dosages and duration of antimicrobial therapy is discussed and the authors' own preferences enumerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Detoxification of staphylococcal alpha toxin by hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone.

The effects of hydrocortisone (HC) and methylprednisolone (MP) on the biological activities of staphylococcol alpha toxin were studied. Incubation of either HC or MP at concentrations of 4-8 mg per ml with purified alpha toxin (690 HU per ml) reduced or eliminated haemolytic activity for rabbit red cells, intraperitoneal lethality for mice, and dermonecrotic activity for rabbits. Detoxification was related to the dose of steroid, and MP was slightly more active than HC. The mechanism of detoxification apparently involves a direct molecular interaction between alpha toxin and steroid, and pretreatment of animals with HC or MP did not enhance their resistance to the subsequent effect of toxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Brain abscess due to Streptococcus MG-intermedius (Streptococcus milleri).

Three cases of brain abscesses due to Streptococcus MG-intermedius are reported, and the literature pertaining to this subject is reviewed. The importance of careful and complete identification of these etiological agents of infection is stressed. The clinical presentation, the origin of S. MG-intermedius producing brain abscess, and its relation to hepatic abscesses and endocarditis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cefazolin in the treatment of pneumonia.

Cefazolin is a semi-synthetic derivative of cephalosporin C that has a lower cross-immunogenicity with penicillins than do the other cephalosporins. This agent was evaluated as an alternative to penicillin in the therapy of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Thirty patient were treated with cefazolin, most receiving 125 or 250 mg IM every 12 hours for 5-10 days. Satisfactory clinical responses were obtained in 29 of these 30 patients, and none complained of pain following IM injections. Three patients developed eosinophilia while receiving cefazolin, and one of these also had a maculopapular eruption that may have been an allergic reaction to cefazolin. Serum levels of cefazolin were measured at 1, 6, and 12 hours after administration. Susceptibilities of 100 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including these patients' organisms, were determined by broth dilution. Both cefazolin and cephalothin were bactericidal for all 100 isolates at concentrations of 2 microgram/ml or less. Cefazolin appears to be an entirely adequate alternative to penicillin for the therapy of pneumococcalpneumonia. This agent is effective in low dosages, and adequate serum levels are maintained for long periods of time, permitting twice-daily administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Influenza virus pneumonia after renal transplant.

A 40-year-old woman who had recently undergone kidney transplantation was succesfully treated for diffuse influenza virus pneumonia. The illness was acute, with rapid onset, high fever, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, crepitations and rales over both lung bases, and associated arterial hypoxemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent superimposed bacterial infection and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy to minimal dosage during the critical phase of the respiratory infection contributed to the patient's survival. An episode of graft rejection was reversed by resumption of immunosuppressive therapy at standard dosage levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of serum lipid content on the binding of minocycline.

Minocycline was added to normal and hyperlipemic serum samples in concentrations of 1 approximately 10 mcg/ml. These specimens had similar protein contents. Chemically extractable minocycline was quantitated fluorometrically. Hyperlipemic serum (cholesterol 480 mg/100 ml; triglycerides 321 mg/100 ml) yielded an average of 50% less minocycline than did normal serum (cholesterol 170 mg/100 ml; triglycerides 114 mg/100 ml). When ultrafiltrates of serum containing 6, 12 and 20 mcg/ml minocycline were assayed microbiologically, it was evident that variations in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels did not alter the ratio of bound to free drug. Minocycline appears to be reversibly associated with, and/or soluble in, triglyceride-cholesterol components of serum.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1977

Clinical evaluation of intravenous minocycline.

24 patients with severe infections were treated with intravenous minocycline 100 mg every 12 hours. Average blood levels were within therapeutic ranges during the first 12 hours after the initial dose. Determination of efficacy of therapy in 23 of the patients who were evaluable showed that clinical and bacteriological results were satisfactory in 20 patients, unsatisfactory in 2, and questionable in 1. One patient developed a fatal secondary infection which may have been related to prior therapy with minocycline. No toxicities or side-effects were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Protein binding and concentrations of cephaloridine and cefazolin in serum and interstitial fluid of dogs.

Percentages of free and protein-bound cefazolin and cephaloridine in serum and interstitial fluid of dogs were determined by ultrafiltration and microbiologic assay. The percentages of cephaloridine and cefazolin bound to protein in serum were 10% and 80%, respectively. In interstitial fluid accumulating within tissue-embedded polypropylene capsules, 29% of cefazolin was bound to protein, and cephaloridine was unbound. Both antibiotics rapidly penetrated the interstitial fluid and attained measurable levels 5 min after intravenous administration. Levels of total cefazolin in the interstitial fluid were generally higher than those of cephaloridine; however, concentrations of free cephaloridine in the fluid exceeded the levels of free cefazolin after the first 15 min. Binding of anitbiotics by serum proteins does not restrict such agents to the intravascular space, since a highly protein-bound compound has been shown to penetrate interstitial fluid as readily as one that is minimally bound. It should be noted, however, that this penetration may be due primarily to the slow rate of binding of cefazolin to serum proteins.

Animals↗