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Biomedical subjects

M J Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to M J Phillips.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Characterisation of breast skin temperature rhythms of women in relation to menstrual status.

Circadian breast skin temperature rhythms were characterised throughout the menstrual cycle, for various locations on the left breast of ambulatory women. All subjects exhibited highly significant circadian rhythms (P less than 0.001). Changes in rhythm parameters, such as the mesor, amplitude and acrophase, were observed during the menstrual cycle. No consistent trend in these rhythm parameters was observed between subjects in relation to menstrual cycle stage. Experimental and statistical techniques used to characterise circadian rhythms in pre-menopausal women were applied to a post-menopausal woman with primary breast cancer. Comparison of rhythm parameters associated with the tumour area and corresponding site on the contralateral breast showed abnormal thermal characteristics such as elevated mesor values, decreased amplitude as well as changes in the timing of the acrophase. These properties may be exploited for the early detection of breast cancer. The project also involved the design and testing of an ambulatory device, known as the 'chronobra', for the measurement of breast skin temperature. The performance of the chronobra was in close agreement with reliable, conventional equipment. The chronobra now allows studies of breast skin temperature rhythms associated with breast disease to be extended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Studies into the mechanism of reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure by hepatocyte transplantation. 1.

The authors reported previously that single cell suspensions of syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocytes can significantly improve survival in a rat model of acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine. This report explores the mechanism by which hepatocyte transplantation reverses the toxin-induced hepatic necrosis. Radioautographic studies indicated that intraperitoneally administered hepatocytes labelled with tritiated thymidine did not repopulate the injured recipient liver. Hepatocytes irradiated with 10 000 rad (i.e., the cells were nonreplicating) also resulted in a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in animal survival when given to rats treated with D-galactosamine. Experiments with subcellular fractions of hepatocytes demonstrated that an intact cell was not required and that a heat stable "factor" (or factors) present in the cytosol fraction, which is not insulin or glucagon, is responsible for the increase in survival observed. This factor appears to increase the rate of endogenous regeneration of the injured recipient liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Preoperative liver biopsy and survival after portasystemic shunting.

The value of preoperative liver biopsy in predicting the outcome of portasystemic shunting was investigated. Using coded slides, the authors examined liver biopsy specimens from 41 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who underwent portasystemic shunting. The degree of fatty change, alcoholic hyalin, alcoholic hepatitis, central hyalin sclerosis and the activity and severity of the cirrhosis were assessed and possible correlations were noted with the preoperative Child's classification, postoperative encephalopathy and with early and late mortality. A correlation was found between the presence of alcoholic hyalin in more than 10% of hepatocytes and early mortality; all of the six patients who died within 30 days of operation had this finding in the liver biopsy specimen. Early mortality correlated better with alcoholic hyalin than with the Child's classification. There was some correlation between late mortality and the degree of hyalin sclerosis and with the activity and severity of cirrhosis. The authors conclude that the findings of a liver biopsy done preoperatively are valuable in indicating prognosis and operative mortality in alcoholic cirrhosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Heterotopic gastric tissue of the bile duct.

A unique heterotopia of the main hepatic duct causing episodic jaundice in a young man is described. The clinical presentation, radiologic diagnosis, and histologic findings are presented, as well as the possible embryologic etiology. Extensive review of the literature indicates that this case is unique. Although heterotopic gastric tissue previously has been found in the gallbladder, none has been reported in the extrahepatic bile ducts.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cellular transplantation in the treatment of experimental hepatic failure.

The survival of Lewis rats with D-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure was prolonged if they were given intraperitoneal injections of single-cell suspensions of liver or bone marrow cells from normal rats. Suspensions of liver cells were also effective in prolonging the survival of rats with ischemia-induced hepatic necrosis. The liver cells did not act by repopulating the recipient liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Combination chemotherapy in invasive thymoma role of COPP.

Combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine (COPP) was administered to 5 patients with invasive lymphoepithelial thymoma. Objective evidence of tumor regression was seen in 4 patients. Given prior to preoperative radiation therapy, COPP produced partial remissions in 2 patients, making possible smaller radiation treatment fields. Two patients with pleural involvement when first seen, achieved tumor regression when COPP was given prior to radical radiation therapy. One of these patients remains disease-free at 34 months; the other succumbed to pneumonitis. One patient, presenting with pleural metastasis three years after undergoing incomplete resection of thymoma, failed to respond to treatment. Combination chemotherapy with COPP can produce objective regression of invasive lymphoepithelial thymomas which may be useful in the preoperative management of selected cases, as well as in the management of unresectable or metastatic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation in experimental hepatic failure.

Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation in the treatment of D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic failure in Lewis strain rats. This report describes the efficacy and immunological consequences of allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation in the same model. The i.p. administration of allogeneic (minor and major histoincompatibility) hepatocytes or xenogeneic (rabbit or porcine) hepatocytes at a dose of 4 x 10(7) cells/rat given at 48 hr after toxin all resulted in significant improvement in survival compared to that of controls, and also comparable to the results obtained with syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation. Sensitization to i.p. allogeneic (WF) hepatocyte administration was demonstrated by in vivo 51Cr release, indirect immunofluorescent technique, and accelerated skin allograft rejection. Similarly, the in vivo 51Cr release assay was able to detect sensitization to porcine hepatocytes. Despite evidence of immunogenicity, redosing with either WF or porcine hepatocytes resulted in no overt toxicity. Furthermore, presensitization by either WF hepatocytes or skin allografts did not adversely affect survival after WF hepatocyte treatment in D-galactosamine-induced hepatic failure in Lewis strain rats. These data demonstrate that histocompatibility is not a constraint to successful hepatocyte transplantation and that repeated treatments are potentially safe and efficacious despite sensitization.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Round window membrane rupture and acquired sensorineural hearing loss in children.

The aetiology of acquired sensorineural hearing loss includes many conditions. The disparity between the number of children affected by the conditions which are supposed to cause hearing loss and the number of children who are actually deaf, has never been satisfactorily explained. Clinical features observed in children with surgically proven round window membrane rupture have been noted in all conventional aetiological groups. These features include otitis media, doubt about the hearing status in early life, disturbance of balance and other occasional neurological phenomena. Wide variation in the appearance of round window niche has been observed in children with secretory otitis and similar appearances have been observed in children with proven round window membrane rupture. The appearances may represent a reaction to perilymph. Round window membrane rupture is probably common and may prove to be a unifying factor for many cases of acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Occasional neurological phenomena may be related to it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in lymphoma and leukaemia.

Fifty-six fibreoptic bronchoscopies were performed on 42 patents with Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, or leukaemia and pulmonary complications which did not respond to conventional antibiotics. All these patients had received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both for the treatment of their underlying conditions. Twenty-two bronchoscopic procedures were complicated by thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, requiring platelet transfusion before bronchoscopy, and many patients were hypoxaemic. Visual examination of the tracheobronchial tree, alveolar lavage, bronchial brushing, and transbronchial biopsy were carried out as approximate. Three patients had minor pulmonary haemorrhage, and three developed a pneumothorax after transbronchial biopsy. A specific diagnosis was obtained in 14 of 18 patients (78%) with diffuse chest radiographic abnormalities, in seven of 11 patients (64%) with lobar or segmental (focal) abnormalities, in two of eight patients with small (local) lesions, and in three of five patients with hilar abnormalities. In only three patients were infections diagnosed. It is concluded that fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a useful and safe diagnostic procedure in this situation but its value depends upon the type of radiological abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Reversal of toxic and anoxic induced hepatic failure by syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation.

This report describes the efficacy of syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation in an anoxic model and of xenogeneic (rabbit and porcine) hepatocyte transplantation in a toxic model of fulminant hepatic failure in the rat. Lewis strain rats that received 4 X 10(7) hepatocytes intraperitoneally at 48 hours after hepatic artery ligation had a significantly improved survival rate (79%, n = 14) when compared with control animals (38%, n = 21, P less than 0.05). Xenogeneic hepatocytes (4 X 10(7) cells/rat) given intraperitoneally to D-galactosamine-poisoned Lewis rats at 48 hours after toxin administration were able to significantly improve survival rate as compared with controls (71% versus 14%, n = 14, P less than 0.01 for rabbit; and 75%, n = 14 versus 12.5%, n = 16, P less than 0.001 for porcine). Although an increase in in vivo cytotoxicity could be demonstrated after procine hepatocyte transplantation, no adverse clinical effects were observed. The methodology for the harvest and storage of large numbers of hepatocytes from a large animal liver has been developed, and it is now feasible to proceed to the clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation for human fulminant hepatic failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Amino-acid metabolism and liver ultrastructure in hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina.

Three patients with the rare hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (HOGA) syndrome were studied to elucidate the metabolic derangement and its pathologic concomitants. Tenfold elevations of blood ornithine levels, decreases in lysine levels, and hitherto unreported decreases in blood glutamate and glutamine concentration were observed. The output of ornithine from muscle kidney and splanchnic beds was curtailed or reversed after intravenous glucose. Levels of ornithine in venous blood declined after oral glucose, and rose after intravenous arginine. Increased amounts of 3-amino-2-piperidone were found in the urine, but these did not increase after the arginine-induced increase in ornithine levels. Liver biopsies in two patients revealed a marked alteration in mitochondrial ultrastructure. These studies extend the knowledge of the metabolic and pathologic derangements in HOGA. These findings are consistent with a disorder of ornithine-ketoacid transaminase, but such a disorder might not account for all the observations.

Adult↗