Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M J Pais

Publications and source records attributed to M J Pais.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Human immunodeficiency virus infection: musculoskeletal manifestations.

The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts, radiographs, and other accompanying imaging studies of 45 patients with musculoskeletal abnormalities associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These included 19 patients with osseous infection, including eight with osteomyelitis, seven with bacillary angiomatosis (six of whom were described in a previous report), and four with septic arthritis; 10 with bacterial myositis (six of whom were described in a previous report); seven with non-Hodgkin lymphoma; five with hypointense marrow signal intensity at magnetic resonance imaging; two with Kaposi sarcoma; one with polymyositis; and one with psoriasis. The musculoskeletal system can be affected by a variety of abnormalities in association with HIV infection. Knowledge of their existence and characteristic appearance is valuable to radiologists for diagnosis and to clinicians for detection and appropriate treatment.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Cyclosporin A--a therapeutic alternative in giant-cell arteritis?].

Cyclosporine A (CyA) is an immune modulator that may treat immune diseases. The authors present two cases of temporal arteritis treated with CyA; the two patients improved very quickly and after the first six or eight weeks of treatment there were no clinical or laboratory signs of inflammation. As to adverse effects there was a moderate increase in serum creatinine and arterial pressure levels which were controlled when the CyA dosage was reduced. In view of the good results achieved in these two patients, the authors concluded that CyA may be an alternative therapy for giant-cell arteritis and that this hypothesis should be further investigated in a larger group of patients.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1993

Subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

We compared the effect of twice weekly subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin (SC rHuEPO) in two groups of patients treated with a starting dose of 80 U/kg body weight/week: group I, 7 hemodialysis (HD) patients; group II, 8 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. In a third group (group III) of 4 patients transferred from HD to CAPD with anemia previously corrected with intravenous (IV) rHuEPO, we studied the changes in the maintenance SC dose to maintain the same hemoglobin. In groups I and II the mean SC doses required to correct anemia and to maintain hemoglobin/hematocrit levels were similar; the mean time for the correction of anemia was significantly longer in HD patients (p = 0.032). In group III the maintenance SC rHuEPO does was reduced to more than 50% at 12 weeks of CAPD. Subcutaneous rHuEPO is effective in reversing anemia in HD and CAPD patients, but it takes longer to correct anemia in HD with the same initial SC rHuEPO low dose. CAPD patients need lower doses of SC rHuEPO than HD patients in IV therapy to maintain the same hemoglobin levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Scaphoid fracture: evaluation with flexion-extension tomography.

Assessment of healing of a scaphoid fracture, which may be associated with delayed fusion and nonunion, is a challenging task for the radiologist. Thirty cases of clinically suspected nonunion scaphoid waist fractures with inconclusive plain radiographs were prospectively studied by means of stationary tomography and lateral flexion-extension tomography. The angle between the two scaphoid fragments as seen in extension was measured and compared with the angle as seen in flexion. A difference of 10 degrees or greater between flexion and extension was considered significant. This was noted in 14 of 15 cases of nonunion. Fifteen cases without angle differences were accurately diagnosed as stable. One false-negative case was noted, which on review was attributed to a limited extension view. Flexion-extension tomography is a highly valuable diagnostic modality in evaluating the stability and healing of scaphoid fracture and is superior to conventional (stationary) tomography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Osteochondral impaction of the femoral head associated with hip dislocation: CT study in 35 patients.

Chondral and osteochondral impactions are insults to articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the femoral head during hip dislocation. To evaluate the frequency and sites of femoral head impaction, we reviewed CT scans of 35 patients with hip dislocation (32 posterior and three anterior). Osteochondral impaction fractures were present in 20 (63%) of the 32 patients with posterior hip dislocation and in all three patients with anterior dislocation. In patients with posterior dislocation, the impaction occurred anteriorly in an arc between the 11-o'clock and 1-o'clock positions in all seven cases (100%) of right-sided dislocation and in eight (61%) of 13 cases of left-sided dislocation. Twelve (60%) of the 20 patients with femoral head impaction fracture underwent surgery; osteochondral impaction was substantiated in all 12. In those with anterior dislocation, osteochondral impaction occurred at the posterolateral aspect of the femoral head in an arc between the 4-o'clock and 5-o'clock positions. A high rate of osteochondral impaction after hip dislocation was detected in this series. Observing the site of femoral head impaction allows determination of the type of original dislocation. Alternatively, when the type of original dislocation is known, the site of femoral head impaction can be predicted.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1988

Bony overgrowths and abnormal calcifications about the spine.

The common phenomenon of osteophyte formation about the vertebral margins and on the vertebral bodies in certain instances connotes underlying disk degeneration. The classification and mechanism of formation of these bony excrescences are not totally clear in all instances, but there is frequent association with degenerative disk change. Distorted alignment of the spinal column as in scoliosis, and functional demands on the spine, play major roles in these abnormalities. The true degree of anatomic abnormality is greater than can be appreciated on the radiographs. Syndesmophytes are vertically orientated outgrowths of trabecular bone forming in the outer margins of the annulus fibrosus and related to repeated episodes of inflammation and repair. They are classically seen in ankylosing spondylitis and colonic spondyloarthropathy. Bulky paravertebral excrescences are more likely to be found in psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's syndrome. Other bony excrescences in the spine were also discussed. OPLL is a progressive disease that can result in severe radicular and myelopathic symptoms. Although OPLL appears to have an unexplained predilection for Asians, it affects all races. Classically diagnosed on lateral radiographs of the cervical spine, it is best imaged with CT. Proper evaluation of the extent of the entire ossified mass and its effect on the spinal cord is crucial in the planning of adequate therapy.

Exostoses↗
PubMed1986

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis was first described in 1972 and to date 33 cases have been reported, all but one from outside the United States. This unusual osteomyelitis is characteristically recurrent and multifocal with a predilection for the metaphyses. Cultures are persistently negative and antibiotics do not appear to affect the course of the disease, which may be as long as 15 years. Females are affected twice as frequently as males and half the cases are less than ten years old. Antistreptolysin 0 titers are elevated in a quarter of the patients, and there may be a history of previous throat infection. There is an association with pustulosis palmoplantaris. We present two additional cases from the United States.

Child↗