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Biomedical subjects

M J Orloff

Publications and source records attributed to M J Orloff.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Criteria for selection of patients for emergency portacaval shunt.

A computer program analysis of the effect on survival of 74 preoperative factors was performed as part of a prosepctive study of the emergency portacaval shunt in 146 unselected patients with bleeding esophageal varices due to alcoholic cirrhosis. Only ascites, a serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase level of 100 units or more, and a requirement for 5,000 ml or more of blood transfusion were associated with a statistically significant decrease in survival. However, none of these factors are contraindications to operation because their presence permits a survival rate of 37 to 40%. The only contraindication to emergency portacaval shunt is the combined presence of ascites, jaundice, encephalopathy, and severe muscle wasting, a constellation that was incompatible with survival beyond one year.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

En bloc transplantation of liver, pancreas, duodenum, and spleen in the rat. Description of technique and histological findings.

En bloc transplantation involving liver, spleen, pancreas, and duodenum was successfully carried out in the rat. While operative mortality due to technical failure was 31%, of those that survived over 95% of the isografts had normal histology up to 4.5 months. Rejection reaction in the allografts first appeared in the liver and the spleen, followed by the pancreas and the duodenum, and was complete by day 14. No gross evidence of graft-versus-host reaction was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Further evidence for an intestinal phase hormone that stimulates gastric acid secretion.

The studies described in this report were directed at isolating the hormone responsible for the intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion. One hundred and ten extracts of hog intestinal mucosa, each representing the yield from about 3,000 hogs, were prepared by a method for isolating small peptides that involved heating, absorption on diethylaminoethylcellulose (DEAE), and acid precipitation. All extracts stimulated gastric acid secretion in acute gastric fistula rats, and 56 were highly active according to stringent criteria that required a greater than 50 percent increase in acid output above basal in at least 60 percent of rats. Increasing doses of extract stimulated increasing acid production according to a regular dose-response relationship. Twelve highly active extracts were tolerated without side effects when infused into dogs with Heidenhain pouches and produced a mean 22 fold increase in acid output above basal. The gastrin content of 73 extracts, measured by radioimmunoassay in two independent laboratories, averaged 5,80 ng. per rat dose of extract, which is approximately 1/500 of the minimal stimulating dose of hog gastrin. No extract contained sufficient gastrin to produce an acid secretory response. Administration of the extract together with a maximal stimulating dose of pentagastrin in rats significantly augmented the maximal acid secretory response. Finally, comparison of the acid secretory response to portal and systemic intravenous infusion of the extract in acute gastric fistula rats demonstrated significant inactivation by passage through the liver, in contrast to the results of similar studies of hog gastrin. It is concluded that the extract had all of the known physiologic properties of the intestinal phase hormone and very likely contained the intestinal phase hormone.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Long-term exocrine function of the pancreas transplant.

The long-term exocrine function of fifty-nine pancreaticoduodenal isografts was evaluated in rats for up to one year post transplantation. At one, three, six, nine, and twelve months after transplantation the grafts were cannulated and the exocrine secretion was collected. The volume, protein content, pH, amylase and trypsin concentrations, and electrolyte composition of the secretion were compared with those obtained from the host pancreas in nineteen control rats. Twenty-four hour secretion studies demonstrated normal basal function of the pancreas transplant when compared with that of the host. Pancreozymin stimulation caused an increase in volume, trypsin concentration, and amylase concentration of the graft pancreas secretion that was similar to those seen in the host. These studies indicate that there is normal exocrine secretion of pancreas transplants in the absence of rejection and that denervation of the gland has little direct effect on over-all pancreatic function.

Amylases↗
PubMed1975

Simplified technic for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat.

A new surgical procedure has been developed to simplify the difficult, complex technic of orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat that we previously described. This procedure eliminates the hepatic artery anastomosis and specifically changes the sequence of anastomoses of the vena cava and portal vein to minimize splanchnic congestion and hepatic ischemia. This has simplified and shortened the operation and has eliminated the need for an extracorporeal portosystemic shunt. Seventy-two per cent operative survival was achieved in fifty-seven orthotopic liver transplantations. This simplified technic of orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat can be applied widely to studies of liver physiology, immunologic rejection, and liver preservation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Long term studies of pancreas transplantation in experimental diabetes mellitus.

Alloxan diabetes was induced in inbred rats that then were divided into four groups consisting of unoperated diabetic controls, sham-operated diabetic controls, rats given pancreaticoduodenal isografts, and rats given duct-ligated pancreas isografts. The animals were studied for from 18 months (controls) to two years (transplants) and the following important results were obtained: 1) In striking contrast to the diabetic controls, pancreas transplants of both types produced immediate and permanent relief of hyperglycemia, immediate and lasting elevation of serum insulin levels, a normal weight and growth curve, and good health for two years. Removal of the graft was followed by recurrence of severe diabetes. 2) Pancreas transplants of both types prevented the widespread and severe renal, ophthalmic and neural lesions of diabetes that were found in the diabetic controls. 3) The duct-ligated pancreas graft and pancreaticoduodenal transplant were equally effective in controlling diabetes. Ligation of the pancreatic duct was not followed by significant morphologic or clinical evidence of pancreatitis or by loss of endocrine function. 4) Portal venous drainage of the pancreas transplant was unnecessary for good endocrine function.

Animals↗