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Biomedical subjects

M J Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to M J Murphy.

270 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
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Coagulopathic effects and therapy of brodifacoum toxicosis in dogs.

The clinical signs and laboratory changes of brodifacoum (BDF) intoxicated dogs and their response to vitamin K1 treatment were examined. Brodifacoum, a second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, was fed to four dogs for 3 consecutive days producing a cumulative dose of 1.1 mg BDF/kg body weight. Clinical observations of the animals were made daily throughout the study. Monitored laboratory parameters included: one-stage prothrombin time (OSPT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), activated coagulation time (ACT), complete blood counts, thrombocyte counts, and serum chemistry values. Response to vitamin K1 therapy was evaluated clinically and by laboratory tests. Serum BDF concentrations were monitored. Inappetence and hemorrhagic tendencies were exhibited by day 5 postrodenticide exposure. One-stage prothrombin time, APTT, and ACT were 25% greater than time zero values at 24, 24, and 72 hours postdosing, respectively. All laboratory parameters returned to normal within 48 hours of initiating vitamin K1 therapy (0.83 mg/kg orally, TID for 5 days). Serum brodifacoum concentrations were highest (1065-1215 ng/mL) during the 3 days after BDF dosing and were detectable (3.0-7.5 ng/mL) until day 24 postexposure. A mean BDF elimination half-life of 6 +/- 4 days was observed.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressive vascular changes in Moyamoya syndrome.

Progressive vascular changes are described in an adult with moyamoya syndrome and similar cases are reviewed. Angiographic findings support the concept of a progressive acquired stenosis of the internal carotid artery as the primary abnormality in this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organizational renewal in the healthcare ministry.

The Irish Province of the Hospitaller Order of St. John of God, which sponsors healthcare services for the mentally ill, the mentally handicapped, and the elderly, initiated a renewal process in 1984 to reevaluate its mission. The process, which was launched with a three-day conference, was divided into four parts: reflection on the order's values, reflection on the brothers' mission work, reflection on the work of the local centers, and reflection on the organization's services in relation to the healthcare environment. Data gathered during the organization's reflection included: Perceptions that the order needed to clarify its goals; Suggestions that the brothers adopt a simpler life-style; Concerns about communication and staff development in the local centers; Recommendations that the organization become more innovative and that it collaborate more frequently with other organizations. An important feature of the ongoing renewal is its focus on the present, involving those who make up the organization in a continuing reeducation process that prepared them to make informed decisions in the future. The process not only has contributed to an increased awareness of the order's roots, its values, and the client as a person, but also has developed a sense of partnership between the brothers and lay staff and brought new energy, hope, and confidence to the organization.

Aged↗
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Phenytoin dosage requirements and pharmacokinetic variables.

The relationships between phenytoin dose, pharmacokinetic variables, patient data, and serum phenytoin concentrations were studied. One hundred sixty-eight adult epileptic patients who were receiving phenytoin were randomly selected and studied retrospectively. The method of Ludden et al. or a Bayesian forecasting technique was employed to estimate the patients' pharmacokinetic values for maximum rate of drug metabolism (Vmax) and the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km). Resulting steady-state serum concentrations were estimated. The daily doses of phenytoin necessary to produce steady-state serum phenytoin concentrations of 10 and 20 micrograms/ml were also determined in patients whose values were definable. Analysis of variance was used to test possible correlations between patient demographic data, pharmacokinetic values, and doses. The majority of patients (85.6%) failed to achieve concentrations between 10 and 20 micrograms/ml when receiving phenytoin sodium 300 mg daily. Patients receiving more than one phenytoin dosage regimen had significant but weak correlations between Vmax and Km. The data suggest that low Km and Vmax values occur concurrently. Initial phenytoin dose based on patients' weights or body surface areas may be useful in determining initial dosage requirements, but estimated pharmacokinetic values for Vmax and Km provide the best guide for dosage adjustment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of membrane dialysis and filtration-sterilization on erythropoietin activity.

Most erythropoietin (Ep) preparations contain non-erythropoietin contaminants. The use of such hormone concentrates raises important questions regarding interpretations of results derived from in vivo and especially from in vitro studies. By sterilizing various Ep preparations with Nalgene, Millipore, or Selas silver filtration, or even after conventional membrane dialysis, variable responses were noted when the Ep was assayed with mouse bone marrow cells in vitro (i.e. by stimulating the production of erythroid colonies from CFU-e and BFU-e) and in vivo (i.e., by using the exhypoxic, polycythemic mouse bioassay for Ep). The utility and limitations of such preparative procedures are discussed.

Animals↗