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Biomedical subjects

M J Hill

Publications and source records attributed to M J Hill.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The rectal mucosa-associated microflora in patients with ulcerative colitis.

The rectal mucosa-associated flora (MAF) of patients with ulcerative colitis has been studied in 25 patients with newly diagnosed disease, 20 with relapse of existing disease, and 44 who were in remission. Patients with active disease were re-examined twice during treatment. The MAF was simpler and less dense than the microflora of faeces. Obligate anaerobes usually predominated in the MAF although the ratio of obligate anaerobes to facultative species was lower than that found in faeces. Viable counts of the total flora and of its constituent genera varied considerably between patients. Counts of the total flora, of obligate anaerobes (including bifidobacteria, eubacteria and clostridia), and facultative organisms and micro-aerobes (enterobacteria and lactobacilli) were reduced in patients with active disease compared with those with inactive disease; corresponding carriage rates were also lower. Counts and carriage rates increased during treatment and approached those found in quiescent disease. The alterations in the MAF were especially marked in patients experiencing their first attack of ulcerative colitis. The relationship between these alterations and the aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1992

Supplementation of an adapted formula with bovine lactoferrin: 1. Effect on the infant faecal flora.

The development of the infant faecal flora was studied over the first three months of life in infants receiving breast milk, a modern adapted formula and adaptations of this formula. Breast-fed infants developed a flora rich in Bifidobacterium sp. Facultative anaerobes were ubiquitous, but in relatively small numbers within the diet group. Other obligate anaerobes, such as Clostridium sp. and Bacteriodes sp. were rarely isolated. Standard formula produced a flora rich in bifidobacteria, but the growth of facultative organisms was not suppressed by this diet. Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. were more common in this feeding group. After the addition of lactoferrin at 10 mg/100 ml to the formula diet, a flora similar to that of the standard formula-fed babies was achieved. Lactoferrin at 100 mg/100 ml was able to establish a "bifidus flora" in half of the babies given this formula, but only at age three months. Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. were common faecal isolates from babies receiving both the lactoferrin diets.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Search for enteric microbial pathogens in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Microbial pathogens were sought in faeces of patients with active ulcerative colitis and again after 3 months treatment. 64 patients were examined during their first episode of ulcerative colitis and 30 with relapse of chronic disease. At presentation, bacterial pathogens were not found; 1 patient had cryptosporidiosis. In 10 patients treatment appeared to result in some loss of colonisation resistance as evidenced by colonisation with beta-haemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, candida and Clostridium difficile. Unidentified cytotoxic activity was present in the faeces of 4 patients at presentation and 2 patients during or after treatment. We conclude that enteric infection is an uncommon finding in patients with active ulcerative colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1992

Malignancy following surgery for benign peptic disease: a review.

Since 1986 there have been a number of large studies of cancer risk after surgery for benign disease involving over 20,000 patients followed for at least 20 years. All show that gastric surgery carries an excess risk of gastric cancer after a 15-20 year latency. There is less agreement about the excess risk at other sites. The size of such risks appears to depend on the size of cohort, type of ulcer, type of surgery, length of follow-up and level of analytical detail. Statistically significant excess risks have been reported for cancer of the colon (6/8 studies), biliary tract (4/5), lung (6/6), bladder (3/3), pancreas (4/7) and all sites (2/3). Our own study showed an excess risk of cancer of the gallbladder (14.3 fold), stomach (4.5), breast (4.0), bronchus (3.9), large bowel (1.6), oesophagus (2.3), pancreas (4.0), bladder (2.4) and all sites (3.3).

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1991

Trends in European breast cancer incidence and possible etiology.

In this study the trends in breast cancer incidence in a number of European countries, over the last 20 years, have been evaluated. There is a wide range in incidence; the risk being highest in north and west Europe (and highest in Switzerland) and lower in south and in east Europe. There was little difference, however, between countries in the incidence of the disease occurring before the menopause, and this incidence has shown little temporal change in the time period 1960-1985. Indeed, in many countries there has been little change in incidence in any age band since 1975. The use of oral contraception has been claimed to be a risk factor in premenopausal breast cancer. In two countries, the data on oral contraceptive usage were available; in neither was there any evidence that the introduction and growth in such usage was related to the risk of breast cancer in any age band that might have been exposed to them. The reasons for this are discussed in the light of recent reports to the contrary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Biliary bile acid profiles in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis have an excess risk for adenomas and cancers of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. In the upper intestine these lesions occur mainly around the ampulla of Vater and they parallel mucosal exposure to bile. In view of this finding and of evidence that bile acids play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis, biliary bile acid profiles were determined in 29 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (12 before colectomy, 17 after colectomy) and in 28 patients without familial adenomatous polyposis (all with colons in situ). Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis had a higher total biliary bile acid concentration than the others. The bile of patients with polyposis had a greater proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid and a lower proportion of deoxycholic acid than did the bile of patients without polyposis. The ratio of chenodeoxycholic acid and its metabolite lithocholic acid to cholic acid and its metabolite deoxycholic acid, which is related to subsequent bile acid profiles in the colon, was higher in patients with polyposis. Because bile acids influence cellular proliferation, these findings may be of importance with respect to intestinal adenoma and cancer growth.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Bacterial N-nitrosation and gastric carcinogenesis in humans.

It has been hypothesized that bacterially produced N-nitroso compounds cause the progression from chronic atrophic gastritis through intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia to gastric cancer. If this is true then various consequences follow. These consequences are discussed, together with the evidence for or against them. The conclusion is that there is much to support the hypothesis.

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena↗