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Biomedical subjects

M J Hicks

Publications and source records attributed to M J Hicks.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Intraoral presentation of anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma in association with HIV infection.

Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus have an increased risk for development of high-grade, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma is a recently described lymphoid neoplasm characterized by cellular pleomorphism, a sinusoidal growth pattern, and Ki-1 epitope reactivity. This type of lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma, melanoma, or malignant histiocytosis. Although persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome frequently have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at extranodal sites, the oral cavity and mandible, in particular, are unusual locations. We report two cases of anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma that occurred in persons with the human immunodeficiency virus and with initial presentation as soft tissue masses of the posterior mandible. Immunocytochemical studies were positive for Ki-1 (CD30) in both cases. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-deoxyribonucleic acid was positive with tumor cells in both cases. Flow cytometry on paraffin, formalin-fixed tissue revealed tetraploidy and high proliferative fractions that are characteristic of high-grade lymphomas. Intraoral presentation of rapidly enlarging, soft tissue masses may represent a high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in persons with the human immunodeficiency virus. Although rare, anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma should be considered and requires immunocytochemical study to eliminate the possibility of other malignant conditions associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn and hypercalcemia: case report and review of the literature.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) alone is an uncommon condition. Its association with hypercalcemia has been reported in 19 neonates since 1926. The two occur in full-term to postterm newborns with perinatal complications associated with delivery. Erythematous to violaceous, firm, subcutaneous nodules appear approximately 1 to 4 weeks after delivery, preceding the development of signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia. Although SCFN and hypercalcemia are rare complications in neonates with perinatal problems, death due to the sequelae of hypercalcemia occurred in 3 of the 19 patients. A neonate who develops skin lesions consistent with SCFN should be followed for possible onset of hypercalcemia and treated in a timely fashion.

Fat Necrosis↗
PubMed1993

Adenomatoid and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors.

The histologic diversity of the odontogenic epithelium's neoplasms is nicely illustrated by the adenomatoid and the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors. The former has a predilection for the maxilla, the latter for the mandible. Neither has a malignant variant, and each is controlled by conservative local removal. The recurrence rate of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is 0.2%, while the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor's rate is 14%.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland.

Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma is a follicular-derived tumor of the thyroid gland with a strong predilection for women. In the reported cases, the biologic course has been benign and without recurrences. The most important histologic differential diagnosis is medullary carcinoma, particularly the encapsulated form of the neoplasm.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Peripheral epithelial odontogenic tumors.

Peripheral epithelial odontogenic tumors are the extraosseous equivalents of the much more often encountered central gnathic odontogenic tumors. The peripheral tumors arise in the mandibular or maxillary gingiva from the surface mucosa or dental lamina rests in the submucosa. Ameloblastoma is the most common histologic type. It, like all other peripheral epithelial odontogenic tumors, follows a benign, nonaggressive clinical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Tall cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Tall cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an aggressive variant of papillary carcinoma with a respectable 20% to 25% lethality. Its histologic features are characterized by a basal orientation of nuclei, abundant eosinophilic or oxyphilic cytoplasm, and a cellular height-width ratio greater than 2:1. These distinguish it from another aggressive variant, columnar cell carcinoma, which has a stratification of its nuclei and scant cellular cytoplasm.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1993

Epithelial choristomas and teratomas of the tongue.

Nonsalivary choristomas of the oral cavity are rare, have a predilection for the tongue, and are classified according to their generative tissues as gastroenteric, thyroidal, or sebaceous. Only the lingual thyroid choristoma has a malignant counterpart. Lingual teratomas are even rarer. They have been histologically benign.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1993

Treating Kaposi's lesions in the HIV-infected patient.

Kaposi's sarcoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in AIDS, occurring in about 10 percent of all risk groups. This study evaluates the effect of intralesional vinblastine on intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma in 24 HIV-positive, homosexual males with 82 lesions. Complete resolution occurred in nearly 70 percent of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A national study of periodontal assessment by dental hygienists.

PURPOSE: Periodontal examination is one of the most frequently performed dental hygiene diagnostic services. This examination is the basis for effective dental hygiene treatment throughout long-term care. The purpose of this investigation was to examine how dental hygienists across the United States assess the periodontal status of three patient types: patients new to the practice, periodontally healthy recall patients, and periodontally unhealthy recall patients. METHODS: A two-stage cluster sampling method was used to select a random sample of dental hygienists from each of two states randomly selected from four regions of the United States. Questionnaires were mailed in 1989 to 2,618 dental hygienists. Individual responses were scored according to criteria derived from dental literature for conducting seven components of a comprehensive periodontal examination. Results were calculated and analyzed for each state and region, and across regions for each patient type. RESULTS: Responses were received from 1,429 subjects, resulting in a 57.5% response rate of deliverable questionnaires. Overall mean scores (possible 0-7) across all regions were 3.68-new patients, 3.22-healthy patients, and 2.67-unhealthy patients. Of the seven assessment components, three-gingival inflammation, furcation involvement, and radiographs-were performed according to the scoring criteria for all patient types by a majority of respondents. The criterion for periodontal pockets was met by a majority for new patients only. Three assessment component criteria were met by less than 40% of the sample for all patient types-attachment levels, mobility, and plaque control. Differences in the mean scores of certain states were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Specific dental hygiene standards are recommended for initial diagnostic and recall monitoring periodontal examinations. Additionally, dental hygiene administration and management of long-term preventive and supportive periodontal therapy programs should assist in improving effectiveness of care and further delineate the profession of dental hygiene.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1993

Caries-like lesion initiation and progression around laser-cured sealants.

This study evaluated and compared the effects of argon laser and visible light polymerization of a pit and fissure sealant material on caries-like lesion initiation and progression. Following the lesion initiation period, the primary surface lesion depth was significantly less (P < 0.05) for the argon laser-cured group (97 microns) when compared with that for the visible light-cured group (151 microns). Wall lesion occurrence was 5% for both treatment groups. Following lesion progression, the primary surface lesion depth was significantly less (P < 0.05) for the argon laser-cured group (129 microns) when compared with that for the visible light-cured group (232 microns). Wall lesion occurrence was 15% and 5% for visible light-cured and argon laser-cured groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Argon laser-curing of sealant material may enhance the caries resistance of the enamel forming the enamel-resin interface and result in a reduction in caries formation adjacent to sealants.

Argon↗
PubMed1993

Epidemiology of dental caries in the pediatric and adolescent population: a review of past and current trends.

Dental caries in the pediatric and adolescent population has continued to decline significantly over the past two decades, with approximately 50% of US schoolchildren considered to be caries-free. However, by the age of 17 years, only 15% of these young adults have not experienced caries. Over 85% of the lesions in the permanent dentition involve surfaces with pits and fissures, despite the availability of preventive measures such as sealants. Of particular interest is the fact that 17% of children and adolescents account for 67% of the total caries experience. This distribution of dental caries demonstrates the need for a reliable screening method to determine those individuals at high-risk for caries development. The identification of these caries susceptible children and adolescents, and the development of innovative, caries-preventive protocols are necessary for further improvement in the oral health status of the pediatric age group and creation of a caries-free population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Dental hygienists' utilization of periodontal assessment skills and perceived collaboration with dentist-employer.

PURPOSE: As cotherapists in providing total patient care, dental hygienists must foster their pivotal role in the prevention, recognition, and initial therapy of periodontal disease. Cooperation and communication between the hygienist and dentist are necessary to assure the best possible sequence of procedures for a complete periodontal assessment. This study examined the extent of periodontal assessments performed by Ohio dental hygienists treating new patients in private practice and correlated the use of these skills to perceived collaboration with their dentist-employers. METHODS: In January 1990, self-designed mail questionnaires were sent to a cohort of 1,671 licensed dental hygienists randomly selected from the State of Ohio Dental Board Roster. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistical methods and the non-parametric Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Responses were received from 1,071 subjects, an 81% response rate of deliverable questionnaires and a 64% response rate of original 1,671 subjects. Results suggest that although hygienists perceive a high level of collaboration with their dentist-employer, periodontal assessments are being performed at a minimal level. There appears to be a fairly consistent, weak positive correlation between overall periodontal assessment and perceived collaboration scores. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that continued emphasis is needed on the hygienist's role in periodontal assessment. Delineation of this role may be enhanced by the establishment of specific collaborative efforts between the hygienist and dentist in defining the practice's periodontal protocol.

Dental Hygienists↗
PubMed1992

Lymphocyte subpopulation number and function in infancy.

Normal values for percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations and functional responses to mitogen stimulation in infancy are not well established. In the present study, lymphocyte subpopulations were examined in umbilical cord blood samples and in peripheral blood samples drawn before 7 and 24 months of age (mean age 10.4 months) from a healthy population of infants born in Tucson, Arizona. Results indicate significant increases occurred from birth to later infancy in the percentages of total T cells (CD3), T-cell subsets (CD4, CD8) and B cells (CD20). The CD4/CD8 ratio and the functional responses to ConA and PWM mitogens significantly decreased from birth to later infancy. PHA responsiveness did not show a significant change. Results from cross-sectional analyses (n = 271) were supported in a smaller longitudinal subset (n = 37). There were no detectable ethnic- or gender-related differences in cord blood or samples obtained in later infancy. The normal values established in this study will be useful in studies of immune-system maturation and in the clinical evaluation of newborns, infants, and toddlers suspected of either acquired or congenital immune-deficiency states.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1992

Caries-like lesion formation around fluoride-releasing sealant and glass ionomer.

Caries-like lesion formation around Class V preparations restored with fluoride-releasing sealant, glass ionomer and conventional sealant materials was evaluated with polarized light microscopy following lesion initiation and progression periods. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among the three treatment groups for mean surface lesion depth following lesion initiation and progression and between the conventional sealant and fluoride-containing material groups for incremental increase in surface lesion depth following lesion progression. Surface lesion depths were significantly reduced in both the fluoride-releasing sealant and glass ionomer groups when compared with the conventional sealant group. The glass ionomer material provided the greatest degree of caries protection at the enamel-restorative interface and had the least number of wall lesions (7.5%); in contrast, the conventional sealant group had the greatest number of wall lesions (17.5%). The incorporation of fluoride from a dental material into adjacent tooth structure may provide enhanced resistance to caries initiation and progression.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1991

The effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid and beta-carotene on cellular immunity in humans.

Deficiency of vitamin A and/or its precursors has been associated with increased cancer risk in animals and humans. Therapeutic trials of vitamin A and related compounds have demonstrated activity in several cancerous and precancerous conditions. The authors measured the effects of a retinoid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, and a carotenoid, beta-carotene, on the human immune system in vivo in conjunction with their use in ongoing clinical trials. Immune cell subpopulations were analyzed by quantifying the expression of markers using flow cytometric study. Both compounds produced significant effects on immune cell populations. 13-cis-Retinoic acid resulted in an increase in the percentage of peripheral blood lymphoid cells expressing surface markers for T-helper cells with only minimal effect on natural killer cell marker expression. In contrast, beta-carotene produced an increase in the percentage of cells expressing natural killer cell markers with smaller effect on T-helper markers. Modest increases in the percentage of cells expressing Ia antigen, transferrin, and interleukin-2 receptors were produced by both drugs. These results suggest that retinoids and carotenoids can produce major changes in immune cellular marker expression in vivo in humans at doses relevant to their potential clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The maternal immune response in coccidioidomycosis. Is pregnancy a risk factor for serious infection?

Seven subjects with prior coccidioidal disease and three with active Coccidioides immitis infection during their first trimester were studied during pregnancy and postpartum to determine their general and antigen-specific cell-mediated immune status. All ten were white and carried their pregnancies to term without incident. Decreases in total lymphocytes and T-helper and T-suppressor subsets were noted during the third trimester, presumably secondary to an increase in plasma volume. Lymphocyte responses to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed were mildly decreased late in pregnancy, with significant intrasubject and intersubject variation. Responses to tetanus antigen were consistently and significantly lower as pregnancy progressed, rising above first trimester levels by 12 weeks postpartum. A similar pattern of response was noted with spherulin antigen for the seven subjects with previously demonstrated coccidioidal immunity. The three subjects with active coccidioidomycosis either failed to mount a significant spherulin immune response or demonstrated an early response that fell as pregnancy progressed. This antigen-specific immune suppression continued for up to 16 months postpartum despite the fact that there was no clinical evidence of coccidioidal activity beyond the first trimester. Thus, while all three completed pregnancy without complication, the data suggest that significantly increased maternal risk may be present when active coccidioidomycosis and pregnancy occur together. This risk may be greatest among darker-skinned individuals who become infected during the latter half of pregnancy.

Coccidioidin↗