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Biomedical subjects

M J Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to M J Goodman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Sulphasalazine induced seminal abnormalities in ulcerative colitis: results of mesalazine substitution.

Seminal abnormalities are commonly found during sulphasalazine treatment. Although these changes appear reversible after drug withdrawal this may result in colitis relapse. Animal studies suggest that 5-aminosalicylic acid, the active component of sulphasalazine, does not impair fertility. Sixteen patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis were studied. Each patient produced three samples of semen at weekly intervals. Of the 48 samples analysed 39.6% showed oligospermia, 41.7% showed an increased number of abnormal forms and 91.7% showed impaired motility. Nine patients substituted enteric coated mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) for sulphasalazine for a minimum period of three months. During this time one patient developed a salmonella associated colitis relapse; the others remained well. Improvement in sperm count (p less than 0.02), motility (p less than 0.001) and morphology (p less than 0.02) occurred in all cases. To date, four successful pregnancies have resulted, three in couples complaining of long term infertility. Treatment with enteric-coated mesalazine allows the recovery of seminal abnormalities induced by sulphasalazine in patients with colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Thyroid function and the incidence of breast cancer in Hawaiian, British and Japanese women.

Serum-free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations are lower in Hawaiian and Hawaiian Caucasian women than in Hawaiian Japanese, Hawaiian Filipino, Hawaiian Chinese, and English and Japanese mainland women. There is a high inverse correlation between FT4 and risk of breast cancer in these ethnic groups. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations, which are inversely correlated with FT4, generally show the same relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ammonium inhibits processing and cytotoxicity of reovirus, a nonenveloped virus.

Successful viral infection involves a series of interactions between the virus and the host cell. The outcome of viral infection is, in fact, dependent on intact cellular function; it is required for viral binding, internalization, and uncoating. To determine the potential importance of lysosomal processing on the outcome of infection with a nonenveloped virus, we have studied the effects of NH4Cl on the course of reovirus infection on a beta-cell tumor in culture. Addition of 10 mM NH4C1 to the medium inhibited viral growth by greater than 80% and reduced toxic effects of the virus on cell viability, protein, and DNA synthesis by 30-45%. In addition, synthesis of viral proteins was markedly decreased. Uptake of virus prelabeled with [35S]methionine was not affected by the ammonium; however, cleavage of mu1C, an outer capsid protein of the virus whose cleavage appears to be required for viral replication, was delayed. These results suggest that intracellular processing of reovirus is dependent on a lysosomal pathway and that disruption of this pathway can alter the course of viral infection.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1986

Prevention--how misuse of a concept undercuts its worth.

Some health leaders and researchers have launched mass prevention programs without sound biomedical groundwork. They have oversold the benefits of prevention and underestimated the secondary effects. Some have forced nonmedical concerns into the medical model. Others have blurred the distinctions between prevention and other measures such as screening or therapy. Some have transferred responsibility for disease to the victim. A few have imputed magical powers to certain symbols of prevention, in order to create an illusion of control.

Attitude↗
PubMed1985

Differential effects of viral infection on islet and pituitary cell lines.

Although reovirus infection may lead to changes in endocrine function in vivo, little is known about the precise interaction of reovirus with endocrine cells. In this study we have examined the effects of reovirus infection on two types of endocrine cells, GH4C1 cells and RINm5F cells. Both type 1 reovirus and type 3 reovirus infect the two cells lines and appear to grow equally well. Viral replication occurred within the first 24 h following infection after which viral titers remained stable for 3 days. By 48-72 h after viral infection, substantial cytopathic effects were noted in RINm5F cells infected with both type 1 and type 3 reovirus. In GH4C1 cells, type 3 reovirus was most effective in producing cell death, and type 1 reovirus was significantly less cytotoxic despite a similar viral titer. Only type 1 reovirus caused a specific inhibition of overall protein and DNA synthesis, and this occurred only in the RINm5F cells. Over the time course studied, GH4C1 cells successfully infected with type 1 reovirus demonstrated no cytopathic effects, and only minimal alterations in cellular function were noted. Intracellular insulin content and insulin secretion, a "luxury function" of the RINm5F cells, were also surprisingly well maintained in the first 48 h after viral infection. In addition, virally infected cells were able to respond to glyceraldehyde, an insulin secretagogue, although the response appeared to be somewhat blunted compared to that of control cells. These results suggest that viral infection of endocrine cells results in specific alterations that depend on the nature of the infecting virus. In addition, the cellular environment of the host cell may be an important determinant in the outcome of viral infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Wolfe's mammographic classification and breast cancer risk: the effect of misclassification on apparent risk ratios.

The effect of misclassification of Wolfe's mammographic classifications was investigated using data from two radiologists. If there are only two risk groups (high and low), the apparent relative risk expected from typical surveys would be around 2 or 3, even if the true relative risk is very high. If each of Wolfe's four classes has its own risk, the difference between N1 and P1, on the one hand, and P2 and DY on the other, would be almost lost due to misclassification. Published surveys in which the observed relative risks for the high-risk group (P2 and DY) are low are not inconsistent with Wolfe's original finding of a high relative risk: misclassification can greatly distort estimates of relative risks. If misclassification can be managed by restricting uncertain mammograms to one class (or by removing them from the study altogether), the bias can be greatly reduced.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Factors associated with mammographic pattern.

Wolfe's criteria were assigned to mammograms of 202 women without breast cancer. Parity decreased the frequency of P2 patterns but not DY. P1 and N1 patterns apparently increased at the expense of P2 patterns. For every birth, the probability that a P2 pattern changed to P1 or N1 was roughly 7 or 8%. This effect was not limited to the first pregnancy, but also held for additional pregnancies. Low body weight was associated with dysplasia and prominent duct patterns. Reported declines of radiographic density with increasing age and/or menopause were confirmed. Ethnic group was unrelated to parenchymal pattern.

Body Height↗
PubMed1981

Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in a patient with recurrent peritonitis.

A patient is presented who developed a peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in association with severe persistent and recurrent diverticulitis. The case is unusual in that a spectrum of mesothelial proliferation was documented beginning initially as benign foci of mesothelial proliferation and passing through a stage of atypical proliferation before terminating as a malignant process. The possible role of the diverticular disease in the pathogenesis of the tumor is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Arthroplasty of the rheumatoid wrist with silicone rubber: an early evaluation.

A review of the results of 37 arthroplasties of the wrist with flexible silicone, done at least 6 months before, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed six (16%) to have residual discomfort and two (5%) to have recurrent deformity. Pain was the primary indication for treatment in 31 and deformity in six. Three of 37 wrists had prosthetic fractures (8%). Ten patients who had the opposite wrist fused before the arthroplasty felt the movable wrist was more functional. Contraindications are marked deformity, significant instability, excessive bone loss, and multiple tendon ruptures.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Factors associated with breast structure in breast cancer patients.

The breast duct patterns and radiographic density, or dysplasia, of 104 breast cancer patients in Hawaii were examined by mammography. The proportions of the four types of breast structure were analyzed for possible relation with age, menopausal state, height, weight, and race. Multiple regression analysis indicated that menopausal state appears to be more important than age per se for the general change in breast structure. Low body weight, but not race, is associated with prominent duct patterns and dysplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Age at menopause in relation to reproductive history in Japanese, Caucasian, Chinese and Hawaiian women living in Hawaii.

A multiple regression analysis was undertaken to examine the relationship between age at menopause and selected biological and sociological variables in the reproductive history of Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese and part-Hawaiian post-menopausal women living in Hawaii. The analysis was conducted using the medical history records of 196 Caucasian, 181 Japanese, 72 Chinese and 60 Hawaiian women. Age at menarche, parity and months spent breast-feeding were found to have no significant effect on age at menopause. Regression models were not found to be heterogeneous among ethnic groups and no substantial interaction of ethnic group was found with age at menarche, parity or months spent breast-feeding.

Asian People↗