Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M J Gill

Publications and source records attributed to M J Gill.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Herpes simplex virus infection of the hand. Clinical features and management.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the hand occurs predominantly in three different population groups. Young adults with a recurrent HSV II infection of the hand account for the majority of cases. A prodromal phase of up to 72 hours and a recurrence of seven to 10 days' duration occasionally associated with lymphangitis, lymphadenopathy, and lymphedema are characteristic. HSV I infection of the hand classically occurs in children with herpetic stomatitis and in health care workers infected during patient care delivery. In health care workers, the infection may last 21 to 28 days and be associated with severe pain and lymphangitis. Recurrences appear uncommon in HSV I infections. Primary infection is usually managed conservatively. Vesicle drainage for pain relief and antiviral therapy with acyclovir may be of value. For recurrent infections, acyclovir, 800 mg orally, twice daily, initiated during the prodrome in an open study of eight patients appeared effective in aborting the attack. Evaluation of long-term suppression in recurrent HSV infection of the hand is in progress.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

Expression of Ley antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected human T cell lines and in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC).

Ley determinant (Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]GlcNAc beta 1----R) defined by mAb BM-1 is highly expressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected T cell lines and in CD3+ peripheral mature T cells of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with AIDS-related complex (ARC). Ley expression increased greatly in the CD3+ population in the advanced stage of AIDS when the CD4+ population decreased greatly. Six other carbohydrate antigens tested by their respective mAbs were not detected in these same cells. None of the carbohydrate antigens tested by the seven mAbs used in this study were found in noninfected T cell lines and in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Herpes simplex virus infection of the hand. A profile of 79 cases.

Seventy-nine cases of herpes simplex (HSV) infection of the hand were documented by viral culture over a 40-month period. A marked bimodal age distribution was found with 32 cases occurring in adults aged 21 to 30 years and 16 occurring in children less than 10 years old. The infection most commonly occurred on the fingers (69 percent) and thumb (21 percent). All 20 herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) isolates came from patients over 20 years old. All of the 13 specimens that were typed after isolation from patients under 20 years old were herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1). Only seven of the 49 adult cases were identified in health care professionals. In this series, HSV infection of the hand occurred in 2.4 cases per 100,000 population per year. In adults, women with recurrent infections from HSV-2 and a history compatible with genital herpes predominated. In children, a primary HSV-1 infection associated with gingivostomatitis was common.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin and spectinomycin in a diagnostic laboratory.

Agar dilution breakpoint susceptibility testing using GC, DST, and proteose agars, was performed on consecutive clinical isolates of non-penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae to examine the feasibility of using such a system in a diagnostic laboratory. The incidence and level of resistance to penicillin and spectinomycin was also assessed. On DST medium 93 of 200 (46.5%) of isolates were of intermediate resistance to penicillin (MIC 0.12-0.5 mg/l) and 21 of 200 (10.5%) were resistant to penicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/l). Ninety two of 200 (46%) of isolates had an MIC to spectinomycin of 32 mg/l on DST agar. Isolates seemed to be more resistant when tested on the two other media. The methods used in this study could be applied in a routine diagnostic laboratory for immediate clinical benefit and long term epidemiological studies. To enable direct comparisons to be made between populations at different centres, however, methods for gonococcal susceptibility testing need to be standardised.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1987

Effect of acyclovir on the uptake of 131I-labelled 1-(2'fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil in herpes infected cells.

Selective uptake of nucleoside analogues by herpes simplex virus infected cells may serve as the basis for a specific non-invasive diagnostic test for herpes simplex encephalitis. We have examined the effect of acyclovir on the selective uptake of [131I] 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil in herpes simplex virus infected primary rabbit kidney cells. Infected cells treated with acyclovir continued to concentrate [131I] 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil for up to 24 h after the addition of the antiviral agent. These results indicated that therapy with acyclovir for as long as 24 h would not prevent the selective trapping of nucleoside analogues. This has important implications for the use of nucleoside analogues in diagnostic brain scans to detect herpes simplex encephalitis.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of commercial condoms in the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection.

Tips of synthetic and natural condoms were filled with serum samples containing either hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, or cytomegalovirus, then fit over an 8-in. mechanical vibrator and inserted vibrating into sterile bath solutions for 30 min. Phosphorus 32-labeled hepatitis B and cytomegalovirus molecular probes and viral culture techniques for herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus were used to determine whether leakage of virus had occurred into the surrounding bath solutions. Natural condoms allowed leakage of hepatitis B virus but not herpes simplex virus or cytomegalovirus, whereas synthetic condoms prevented leakage of all viruses. These results suggest that natural condoms might not be effective in preventing sexually transmitted hepatitis B virus infection.

Contraceptive Devices, Male↗
PubMed1987

Purification and characterization of the reovirus cell attachment protein sigma 1.

It has previously been shown that of all the soluble reovirus-specified proteins present in the infected cell lysate, protein sigma 1 alone possesses the capacity to bind to host cells (P.W.K. Lee, E.C. Hayes, and W.K. Joklik, 1981, Virology 108, 156-163). We found that sigma 1 from urea-disrupted reovirus particles was also capable of such specific binding. Reovirions were therefore used as a source of functional sigma 1. Accordingly, a simple procedure has been developed to purify sigma 1 by subjecting urea-disrupted reovirions to DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. Protein sigma 1 thus isolated was electrophoretically homogeneous and the recovery was estimated to be 50 to 60% of the theoretical yield. The purified protein presumably maintained its native conformation since it was recognized by a panel of monoclonal anti-sigma 1 antibodies previously isolated, and was capable of specifically binding to host cell receptors, agglutinating human erythrocytes and inducing neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies. Subsequent chemical crosslinking studies revealed the presence of oligomeric (mostly dimeric) sigma 1 forms in the preparation. The amino acid composition of the purified sigma 1 was found to closely match that inferred from the S1 gene sequence. However, attempts to determine its amino-terminal sequence have not been successful. The p/ of the purified protein was determined to be 6.8. Circular dichroic measurements of the purified sigma 1 indicated that 54 and 19% of its residues were arranged in alpha-helical and beta-sheet secondary structures, respectively.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: case report and review of the literature.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated on two separate occasions from the blood of a patient with chronic renal failure receiving dialysis. Treatment was complicated by recurrent ventricular tachycardia occurring after both 1 mg and 0.1 mg test doses of amphotericin. We report the unique clinical and microbiological aspects of this patient's management, and review the literature pertinent to this organism.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

"Campylobacter cinaedi" bacteremia: case report and laboratory findings.

"Campylobacter cinaedi" was isolated from the blood of a 29-year-old homosexual man with previously diagnosed acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Subculturing of the organism was achieved with the use of 7% lysed horse blood and 10% sheep blood agars at 37 degrees C in a microaerophilic atmosphere. Problems associated with the culturing of this organism are reviewed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Q fever inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung.

A 36-year-old man presented with malaise, myalgia, fever, and weight loss. Liver function tests were moderately abnormal and chest x-ray film revealed an irregular mass in the right lower lobe. Bronchoscopy with cytology was not helpful. Serology revealed markedly elevated titers to Q fever. The mass was presumed to represent the presence of a Q fever pseudotumor. The patient responded to therapy with resolution of symptoms and chest x-ray film and decrease in titers to Q fever.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Childhood lymphadenitis in a harsh northern climate due to atypical mycobacteria.

Between 1979 and 1983, 16 patients under 15 years of age living within 480 km of Edmonton, Alberta (latitude 53 degrees 34' N) were seen with cervical lymphadenitis caused by atypical mycobacteria. During this period only 4 cases of cervical lymphadenitis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis occurred in the same age and geographical grouping. Young children age 1-4 years accounted for most cases (14/16). The onset showed no seasonal preponderance and the nodal enlargement was either asymptomatic (8/16) or associated with only minor systemic symptoms. M. avium intracellulare scrofulaceum (6 cases) or M. avium intracellulare (4 cases) were identified on cultures from the infected node. In the remaining cases characteristic histopathology and acid fast bacilli were seen on biopsy specimens but no organisms could be cultured. Surgery was employed in all cases either for diagnosis or for therapy. This series demonstrates that atypical mycobacteria may cause childhood lymphadenitis throughout the year in a harsh inland Northern climate. The etiological pathogen can be difficult to culture but complete surgical excision of the infected node is usually curative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of E-5-(2-[131I]iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine in dogs.

E-5-(2-Iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (IVdU) is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication in vitro. The selective antiviral activity of IVdU is due to preferential phosphorylation by the herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded thymidine kinase. This selective sequesteration provided the rationale for the development of radioiodinated IVdU as a potential radiopharmaceutical compound for use in noninvasive diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. We studied the pharmacokinetics and the in vivo metabolism of [131I]IVdU in dogs. The radioactive components in plasma were characterized and quantitated by radio high-pressure liquid chromatography. During incubation with dog blood, [131I]IVdU was metabolized to the corresponding base (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)uracil. 131I-labeled (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)uracil accounted for 73% of the total radioactivity present in plasma after 2 h of incubation, suggesting that phosphorolysis of the nucleoside is the major degradation pathway of IVdU in blood. The in vivo studies showed that there was an initial rapid clearance of the tracer from blood, followed by a second very slow clearance phase. Evaluation of the renal excretion of the radiotracer showed that only 8% of the injected dose was excreted by kidneys over an 8-h period. IVdU was rapidly metabolized to three radioactive compounds. Two of these metabolites, the base (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)uracil and iodide, were characterized. The radioactivity associated with these metabolites was responsible for the slow clearance phase. Our results suggest that the development of [131I]IVdU as a radiopharmaceutical compound will require measures to prevent its rapid degradation in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative uptake studies of 131I-labeled (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine in herpes simplex virus-infected cells in vitro.

We have synthesized a 131I-radiolabeled antiviral compound (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (IVdU) and shown that this agent was selectively trapped within rabbit kidney cells, infected in vitro by thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) herpes simplex virus (HSV). The uptake of 131I-labeled IVdU was specific, as it was not concentrated within either HSV (TK-) or mock-infected cells. In certain conditions, over 40% of the radiolabel was selectively trapped within HSV (TK+)-infected cells. This was a 20- to 30-fold increase over the uptake of 131I-labeled IVdU by HSV (TK-) or mock-infected cells. The uptake of 131I-labeled IVdU varied directly with (i) the dose of the virus used to infect the rabbit kidney cells; (ii) the concentration of radiolabeled IVdU added to the system; and (iii) the time of exposure of IVdU to infected cells. The ability of this agent to be trapped within HSV (TK+)-infected cells merits further evaluation in animal models as it has potential as a noninvasive, herpes-specific diagnostic test, in particular for HSV encephalitis.

Animals↗