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M J Gaffey

Publications and source records attributed to M J Gaffey.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in sinonasal Schneiderian papillomas. An in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction study.

Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), it has been recently reported that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is present in the majority of Schneiderian sinonasal papillomas (SNP) of the inverted type and may play a role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. The reported prevalence rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) in different types of SNP is also controversial and in need of clarification. Twenty-eight SNP from 27 patients were histologically classified and evaluated for evidence of EBV using PCR and 2 different sensitive and specific in situ hybridization (ISH) procedures for EBER1. Similarly, two methods of ISH were also used for the detection of HPV, using biotinylated DNA probes sensitive for 14 different HPV types as well as more sensitive and specific radioactive RNA probes for HPV types 6, 11, and 16. Polymerase chain reaction was successful in 19 papillomas, including 12 of 19 inverted SNP, 1 of 1 inverted SNP with squamous cell carcinoma, 4 of 5 fungiform SNP, and 2 of 3 oncocytic lesions. Southern blot hybridization of PCR products showed the presence of EBV DNA in two lesions, including one inverted SNP and the single inverted SNP with squamous cell carcinoma. By both DNA- and RNA-mRNA ISH, positivity for EBER was detected in rare stomal lymphocytes but not the overlying epithelium in the inverted SNP with SCC. The remaining cases, including the other inverted SNP positive for EBV by PCR, were completely negative by both ISH techniques. Human papillomavirus was detected by ISH in 1 of 19 (5%) inverted, 1 of 1 (100%) inverted with squamous cancer, 5 of 5 (100%) fungiform, and 0 of 3 (0%) oncocytic SNP. Three SNP contained HPV 6 (all fungiform), three SNP labeled for HPV 11 (two fungiform and the inverted SNP with squamous cancer), and one inverted SNP contained HPV 16. Of the five fungiform SNP, four showed foci of koilocytosis. The results indicate that EBV is not present in sinonasal papillomas. The presence of EBV positive stromal lymphocytes in these lesions may account for a proportion of PCR-positive cases. Oncocytic SNP are unassociated with HPV, whereas inverted SNP contain HPV in a minority of cases. In contrast, fungiform SNP are consistently associated with HPV types 6 and 11 and usually show histologic evidence of viral infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Clonal analysis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.

Recent evidence suggests that focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver (FNH) may represent a hyperplastic response to a vascular malformation, but the precise etiology remains unclear. We performed a clonal analysis of ten FNHs from nine patients by patterns of X chromosome inactivation. DNA isolated from paraffin-embedded specimens was subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification for a highly polymorphic region of the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA). Predigestion of tumor DNA with the methylation-sensitive, restriction enzyme HpaII allowed for selective amplification of the methylated (inactivated) allele. Of the nine patients analyzed, seven were heterozygous for the HUMARA polymorphism and informative for analysis. One informative patient had two lesions, for a total of eight FNHS. Amplification of lesional DNA after HpaII digestion demonstrated clonality in six of the eight informative cases. Paired tissue samples from different lesional areas were available in four of the six FNHs with evidence of clonality. In three of the four cases, DNA extracted from the two tissue samples showed both evidence of clonality and an identical pattern of X chromosome inactivation. In the remaining case, one sample showed evidence of clonality whereas the other was nonclonal. Three hepatic adenomas from two informative patients were also analyzed for comparative purposes, all of which showed evidence of clonality after HpaII digestion. The current study illustrates that most cases of FNH show a uniform pattern of X chromosome inactivation consistent with clonality.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Ovarian granulosa cell tumors with bizarre nuclei: an immunohistochemical analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization documenting trisomy 12 in the bizarre component [corrected].

Granulosa cell tumors with bizarre nuclei (GCT-BN) are rare lesions with a prognosis apparently similar to that of conventional granulosa cell tumors (GCT-NOS). The immunohistochemical features of GCT-BN have not been described, and the exact nature of the bizarre nuclei (BN) is unclear. Thirteen GCT-BN were studied with antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, muscle-specific actin, alpha smooth muscle actin, desmin, and S-100 protein. Six cases were also examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization for trisomy 12, a nonrandom chromosomal aberration found in a proportion of ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors. Histologically, 12 tumors (86%) contained BN areas interspersed with large areas of GCT-NOS. The remaining tumor contained only microscopic foci of GCT-NOS. Immunohistochemically, the tumors stained for vimentin (13 tumors), S-100 protein (11 tumors), muscle-specific actin (10 tumors), cytokeratin (eight tumors), alpha smooth muscle actin (eight tumors), and desmin (one tumor), but none stained for epithelial membrane antigen. Immunostaining results for the BN and GCT-NOS areas were concordant in eight (73%) of the 11 tumors in which both areas could be independently assessed. The remaining three tumors (27%) showed discordant results for only one of the eight markers used. In five patients, trisomy 12 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in areas of BN but not in areas of GCT-NOS present in the same tumor. Trisomy 12 was also present in another BN tumor in which the foci of GCT-NOS were too small to be evaluated. We conclude that within GCT-BN, areas with BN are immunohistochemically similar to areas of GCT-NOS present in the same tumor. The finding of trisomy 12 in areas with BN but not GCT-NOS in the same tumor, however, suggests that cells with BN represent a genetically distinct clone of tumor cells arising within GCT-NOS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cyclin D1 gene expression in human cervical neoplasia.

Amplification of chromosome 11q13 leads to overexpression of a G1 cyclin gene, cyclin D1 (PRAD-1, CCND-1), in many non-cervical human carcinomas. Homology between cyclin D1 and human papillomavirus oncoprotein E7 binding sites for the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein suggests that human papillomavirus oncoproteins cyclin D1, and other cell cycle regulatory proteins may act through a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of human cervical squamous cell carcinoma. We have examined 48 cases of cervical neoplasia by RNA-mRNA in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus mRNA and cyclin D1 mRNA and by immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 protein expression. Hybridization demonstrated human papillomavirus RNA in all 48 cases with types 6, 16, or 18 in 2, 26, and 20 cases, respectively. Immunohistochemical detection using anti-cyclin D1 rabbit polyclonal antibody 19 demonstrated appropriate cyclin D1 expression at constitutive low levels in normal squamous epithelium and low-grade intraepithelial lesions. Immunohistochemical staining failed to demonstrate significant protein expression in any of the high-grade or invasive lesions. In contrast to the immunohistochemical results, in situ hybridization demonstrated cyclin D1 mRNA overexpression in three of five cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, one of eight cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 14 of 18 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, two of five cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, one of seven cases of invasive adenocarcinoma, and two of five cases of small cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 can occur in vivo in human papillomavirus-associated invasive cervical carcinoma, but it does not seem to result in a steady state, increased level of cyclin D1 protein expression. These data indicate a limited role for cyclin D1 protein in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus-associated invasive cervical squamous carcinoma. They support a model in which human papillomavirus proteins can circumvent cellular requirements for cyclin D1 in human cervical neoplasia.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical detection and gene amplification of cyclin D1 in mammary infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

The deregulation of cyclin D1 (BCL-1, PRAD1, CCND1) protein, normally synthesized in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some malignant neoplasms, including invasive mammary carcinomas. We used rabbit polyclonal antibody 19 to detect cyclin D1 in 55 infiltrating ductal carcinomas and compared the findings to six important clinicopathologic parameters and cyclin D1 gene amplification. Nuclear immunoreactivity of variable intensity for cyclin D1 was present in 35% of the neoplasms, whereas immunoreactivity of normal mammary epithelial nuclei was absent. No significant correlations were observed between immunoreactivity and patient age, axillary lymph node status, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, histologic grade, or any of its three components. There was a correlation between cyclin D1 immunostaining and tumor size (P = 0.013). Fourteen of 15 tumors 2 cm or less were negative, whereas 7 of 12 neoplasms larger than 4 cm were immunopositive. Fifteen percent of the invasive carcinomas had cyclin D1 gene amplification. Of these eight tumors, six showed cyclin D1 immunoreactivity (P = 0.017). In this study, cyclin D1 was detected immunohistochemically in approximately one-third of infiltrating ductal carcinomas; approximately one-third of these had detectable cyclin D1 gene amplification. These results further implicate cyclin D1 in breast tumorigenesis and are additional evidence for the role of cell cycle regulatory proteins in invasive mammary carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequence in angiosarcoma.

The partial DNA sequence of a putative new herpesvirus has recently been isolated from almost all cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), from a small subset of AIDS-related lymphomas, and from a high proportion of multicentric Castleman's disease. The presence of this KS-associated herpesvirus, which is also known as human herpes virus 8 (KSHV/ HHV8), has not been reported in vascular tumors other than KS. We therefore examined a series of vascular neoplasms of both endothelial and pericyte derivation using polymerase chain reaction to detect a 233-hp segment of the viral DNA. KSHV/HHV8 sequences were found in 7 of 24 (29%) angiosarcomas and 1 of 20 (5%) hemangiomas but not in any hemangiopericytomas (0 of 6). The presence of the virus in angiosarcoma was confirmed by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction product and Southern blotting in one case each. Only one of the affected patients was known to be immunocompromised. By detecting its presence in a significant proportion of angiosarcomas, this study extends the number of tumors associated with KSHV/HHV8, further tightens its association with malignancy, and suggests a tropism of the virus for endothelial cells. The presence of KSHV/HHV8 in angiosarcomas in addition to classical KS also indicates that immunosuppression is not a requisite for viral infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Chromosome 11q13 amplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Association with poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and prognostic significance of chromosome 11q13 amplification in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical analysis. SETTING: University and private cancer centers. PATIENTS: Fifty-six patients with pathologically confirmed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma whose tumors had been assayed for the presence or absence of chromosome 11q13 amplification. MEASUREMENTS: The degree of DNA amplification in each tumor was determined using chromosome 11q13 probes for the bcl-1 major translocation cluster, PRAD1/cyclin D1 (CCND1), the fibroblast growth factor gene HST1, EMS1, and glutathione-S-transferase-pi-1. The presence or absence of amplification in each patient was correlated with primary site, tumor stage, nodal status, presence or absence of distant metastasis, disease recurrence, time to recurrence, clinical outcome (disease status), and overall survival. RESULTS: Amplification of chromosome 11q13 was identified in 39% (22/56) of patients. Recurrent or persistent disease was identified in 82% (18/22) of cases with amplification and 50% (14/28) of nonamplified cases (P = .04). Mean time to recurrence was shorter in cases with amplification (6.2 months) than those without amplification (10.1 months) (P = .01). Eighteen patients (82%) with amplification and 10 patients (38%) without amplification died of disease or are alive with disease (P = .001). The mean follow-up period was 15.8 months for patients with amplification and 18.6 months for patients without amplification. Overall survival was significantly diminished in patients with amplification (P = .002). Amplification was not related to nodal status, distant metastases, or initial disease stage. CONCLUSIONS: Amplification of chromosome 11q13 loci may be an important biologic marker indicating poor prognosis, independent of clinical stage in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and it should be assessed in prospective trials to determine its utility for stratifying treatment and determining prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cyclin D1 (PRAD1, CCND1) and glutathione-S-transferase pi gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Chromosome 11q13 amplification has been identified in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (H&N SCCs). This region contains several putative oncogenes, including cyclin D1 (PRAD1, CCND1), which encodes for an important cell cycle regulatory protein, and the locus encoding for the drug-detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GST-pi). To determine the relationship of cyclin D1 and GST-pi gene amplification to expression of the encoded proteins, the authors examined 64 H&N SCCs by both Southern blot hybridization and immunohistochemistry, using a recently described, affinity-purified, anticyclin D1 polyclonal antibody no. 19 as well as a polyclonal antibody against GST-pi. Anticyclin D1 antibody no. 19 labeled the tumor cell nuclei in 28 (44%) of the H&N SCCs, whereas cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for GST-pi was noted in 55 (86%) neoplasms. By Southern blot 24 tumors (37.5%) showed twofold to tenfold amplification of 11q13 loci; only two of these were coamplified for GST-pi. Immunopositivity with anticyclin D1 antibody no. 19 but not anti-GST-pi significantly correlated with 11q13 amplification (P < .0001). Of the 28 tumors positive with anticyclin D1 antibody no. 19, however, only 18 (64%) were amplified for 11q13, and six amplified tumors did not react with the no. 19 antibody. A strong trend was noted between anticyclin D1 antibody no. 19 reactivity and a hypopharyngeal primary site (P = .053), but no correlations were observed between immunoreactivity and cytological grade, architectural pattern, pathological stage, and disease-free or overall survival. The inconsistent association of cyclin D1 immunoreactivity with 11q13 amplification indicates that other mechanisms may exist for protein overexpression. Immunoreactivity for the GST-pi protein is prevalent in H&N SCC but is clearly unassociated with amplification. In this series, the presence or extent of cyclin D1 and GST-pi immunoreactivity was of no proven prognostic benefit in H&N SCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Interobserver reproducibility of the Nottingham modification of the Bloom and Richardson histologic grading scheme for infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

The interobserver reproducibility of the Nottingham modification of the Bloom and Richardson histologic grading scheme for invasive breast carcinoma was tested. Six surgical pathologists from four institutions independently evaluated histologic grade and each of its three components for 75 infiltrating ductal carcinomas. The number of slides per case ranged from one to nine (median 3). Pairwise kappa values for agreement ranged from moderate to substantial (0.43-0.74) for histologic grade. Generalized kappa values indicated substantial agreement for tubule formation (0.64), moderate agreement for mitotic count (0.52), and near moderate agreement for nuclear pleomorphism (0.40). Normalizing the mitotic counts per mm2 showed only slight improvement in agreement over the published range of mitotic counts for three different field areas. The results suggest that steps to discriminate between categories for nuclear pleomorphism would likely be of benefit for improving the interobserver reproducibility of histologic grade. Nevertheless, the Nottingham modification of the Bloom and Richardson grading system is recommended as a suitable scheme for evaluating invasive breast carcinomas in the routine clinical setting.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

The role of Epstein-Barr virus in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders and several epithelial neoplasms, including undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (UNPC; lymphoepithelioma). Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas (LEC) are tumors with morphologic features identical to UNPC that occur outside the nasopharynx. To determine whether EBV is associated with LEC, the authors conducted a comprehensive literature review of all pathologically documented LEC reported to date in the English literature. In summary, EBV is associated consistently with LEC from only four anatomic sites: stomach, salivary gland, lung, and thymus. Racial and/or geographic factors influence the association of EBV with LEC in some of these organs. Specifically, the association of EBV with LEC of the salivary gland and lung is restricted to Asian patients, whereas the association of EBV with gastric and thymic LEC is independent of race. The presence or absence of EBV in LEC does not appear to be prognotically important in those cases studies to date.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Infrequent association of Epstein-Barr virus with CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas from American and Asian patients.

CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (CD30+ ALCL) is a morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been well documented in a significant proportion of cases of Hodgkin's disease, another CD30+ malignancy, few studies have examined the association of EBV with CD30+ ALCL. These latter studies have produced conflicting findings. To further investigate the existence of a putative association of EBV with CD30+ ALCL, and whether this association, if present, shows geographic variation, we examined 34 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from cases of CD30+ ALCL from the United States and Hong Kong. Immunophenotypically, 15 cases were of B lineage, 15 cases were of T lineage, one case expressed both B- and T-cell markers, and three were of null lineage. A highly sensitive in situ hybridization method was performed with use of an antisense oligonucleotide probe to the EBV-encoded RNA (EBER-1). EBV-RNA was identified in 3 of 14 CD30+ ALCL specimens from Hong Kong patients and in 1 of 20 from the American patients. The EBER-1 signal was present in all or virtually all of the tumor cell nuclei in the three EBV-RNA-positive CD30+ ALCL Hong Kong cases, but was only focally present in the single EBV-positive American case. The latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) of EBV was identified in only one of the four positive cases, a Hong Kong case. Our results suggest that in contrast to Hodgkin's disease, EBV has no significant association with CD30+ ALCL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Bladder outlet obstruction after multiple periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene injections.

Periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) injections have been reported to be successful for the treatment of urinary incontinence after transurethral resection or radical prostatectomy. However, the use of polytetrafluoroethylene is controversial due to reports of distant migration and granulomatous reaction after periurethral injection. We report on a patient with a history of periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene injection for postoperative stress incontinence in whom bladder outlet obstruction developed and who underwent repeat transurethral resection 9 years later. Pathological examination revealed that the material responsible for the obstruction was almost totally composed of a foreign body giant cell response to the polytetrafluoroethylene implant ("teflonoma").

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Medullary carcinoma of the breast: interobserver variability in histopathologic diagnosis.

To assess the interobserver reproducibility for the diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the breast (MC), 53 previously diagnosed MCs were independently assessed by six observers for growth pattern, nuclear grade (NG), inflammation, tumor margin, intraductal component, and glandular features. Tumors were reclassified as MC, atypical MC, or infiltrating ductal carcinoma according to the histopathologic criteria of Ridolfi et al. (Cancer 40:1365, 1977), Wargotz and Silverberg (Hum Pathol 19:1340, 1988), and Pedersen et al. (Br J Cancer 63:591, 1991). NG was the most reproducible parameter, and tumor margin was the least, with consensus agreement by four of six observers for 49 (92%) and 26 (49%) of cases, respectively. Utilizing the histopathologic criteria proposed by Ridolfi et al., Wargotz and Silverberg, and Pedersen et al., consensus diagnoses were achieved in 37 cases (70%), 46 cases (87%), and 51 cases (96%), respectively. A consensus diagnosis of MC in all three systems was unassociated with tumor size, axillary lymph node status or overall survival (median follow-up: 89 mo). The consensus (or better) reclassification of 44/53 (83%), 35/53 (66%), and 27/53 (51%) previously diagnosed MC as atypical MC or infiltrating ductal carcinoma by the criteria of Ridolfi et al., Wargotz and Silverberg, and Pedersen et al., respectively, suggests that MC was previously over-diagnosed. While the scheme of Pedersen et al. is the most reproducible, additional follow-up information is necessary to determine the biological significance of this classification system. To minimize these difficulties in practice, pathologists should carefully adhere to published criteria and indicate the classification system utilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Low frequency association of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) chromosomal translocation with CD30+ lymphomas from American and Asian patients. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction study.

Although cytogenetic data suggest that the t(2;5)-(p23;q35) translocation occurs in many cases of CD30+ lymphomas, the exact frequency of this event is still unknown. To clarify this issue and its epidemiological characteristics, we examined 37 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of CD30+ lymphomas from the United States and Hong Kong by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the status of the NPM and ALK genes, which are typically juxtaposed by the t(2;5) translocation. Thirty-four cases were classified as anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL), 2 cases as non-anaplastic large cell lymphomas (LCL), and 1 case as the small cell variant of CD30+ lymphoma. The t(2;5) translocation was detected in 6 cases (16%), including 3 of 18 American patients and 3 of 19 cases from Hong Kong. All cases had a 185-bp NPM RT-PCR product as detected by Southern blot analysis, indicating adequate preservation of mRNA. The 6 positive cases were among 4 of 34 adult lymphomas, as compared with 2 of 3 childhood cases. Five of 17 T-lineage cases were t(2;5)-positive, compared with 1 of 15 B-lineage cases and none of the 5 null-cell or mixed lineage cases. Our results therefore show that t(2;5) occurs at a low frequency among CD30+ lymphomas, at least in our adult-dominated series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical staining and Southern blot hybridization for glutathione S-transferase pi in mammary infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

Glutathione S-transferase pi, a drug-detoxifying isoenzyme of potential prognostic value for subsets of patients with mammary cancer, was studied by immunohistochemistry and Southern blot analysis in 58 infiltrating ductal carcinomas. The results were compared with the findings of six important clinicopathologic parameters. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for glutathione S-transferase pi was absent in 40%, 1+ in 26%, 2+ in 15%, and 3+ in 19% of the cases. There were no significant correlations between the level of immunostaining and patient age, tumor size, axillary lymph node status, nuclear pleomorphism, or tubule formation, but there was a trend with mitotic count (P = 0.06). Immunoreactivity was associated with histologic grade (P = 0.02) and inversely correlated with estrogen (P = 0.006) and progesterone (P = 0.02) receptor content. Ten percent of the cases showed modest levels of glutathione S-transferase pi gene amplification, but no significant correlations were observed between glutathione S-transferase pi amplification and any of the clinicopathologic parameters or level of immunostaining. The results indicate that increased immunohistochemical staining for glutathione S-transferase pi occurs in high-grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative neoplasms. As glutathione S-transferase pi gene amplification appears unassociated with immunopositivity, other mechanisms are responsible for the production of this isoenzyme in infiltrating ductal carcinomas.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1994

Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization for trisomy 12 on archival ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors.

Trisomy 12 is a nonrandom chromosomal abnormality found in a large proportion of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (OSCTs), including thecoma-fibromas (TFs) and granulosa cell tumors (GCTs). The prognostic significance of trisomy 12 in these tumors, however, is unknown. A series of 16 OSCTs, obtained from patients with long-term follow-up, was analyzed for the presence of trisomy 12 by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded sections. Sections of the contralateral nonneoplastic ovary were available in five cases and utilized as controls. Evidence of trisomy 12 was detected in 9 of 10 TFs, and contrary to previous reports, in only one of six GCTs. One TF with trisomy 12 was a malignant variant that resulted in the death of the patient in 5 months, but the remaining TFs with trisomy 12 were cytologically and clinically benign in those with follow-up available. The single GCT with trisomy 12 was a nonaggressive, stage 1 lesion without evidence of recurrence after 264 months, whereas those GCTs without trisomy 12 included one stage 2 tumor and a cytologically atypical GCT with tumor necrosis and an elevated number of mitotic figures. The evidence suggests that the great majority of OSCTs with trisomy 12 is clinically benign, but not all benign OSCTs have trisomy 12. We conclude that the presence of trisomy 12 is of limited prognostic usefulness in OSCTs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Angiomatoid carcinoma and 'angiosarcoma' of the thyroid gland. A spectrum of endothelial differentiation.

The existence of angiosarcoma of the thyroid gland and its relation to angiomatoid carcinoma have been debated. The authors reviewed eight angiomatoid thyroid neoplasms. Controls consisted of six sarcomatoid thyroid carcinomas without angiomatoid features and an angiosarcoma metastatic to the thyroid gland. All eight angiomatoid neoplasms consisted of epithelioid cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm lining vascularlike spaces. All eight expressed vimentin. Four tumors were predominantly angiosarcomalike neoplasms, based on staining for factor VIII-related antigen (three of four), CD31 (four of four), CD34 (one of four), and Ulex europaeus I lectin (four of four); they lacked epithelial markers other than cytokeratin (two of four). Four tumors were designated as angiomatoid carcinomas, based on staining for multiple epithelial markers: cytokeratin (four of four), epithelial membrane antigen (three of four), thyroglobulin (three of four). Three angiomatoid carcinomas also expressed or labeled with one or more vascular markers: CD34 (one of four), CD31 (two of four), Ulex europaeus I lectin (one of four), factor VIII-related antigen (one of four). The metastatic angiosarcoma to the thyroid gland labeled for factor VIII-related antigen, vimentin, CD31, and with Ulex europaeus I lectin. It did not express CD34. The six sarcomatoid carcinomas without angiomatoid features stained for cytokeratin (four of six), epithelial membrane antigen (one of six), and vimentin (six of six). None labeled for thyroglobulin, factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, CD34, or with Ulex europaeus I lectin. Angiomatoid carcinomas of the thyroid gland exhibit both epithelial and endothelial features. "Angiosarcoma" may represent the extreme in this spectrum of endothelial differentiation. All tumors behaved in a similar clinical fashion characterized by persistent local disease, widespread metastases and poor prognosis.

Aged↗