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Biomedical subjects

M J Faus

Publications and source records attributed to M J Faus.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Changes in serum albumin, transferrin and amino acid indices during the first month of life in small-for-date infants.

Total serum proteins, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, and plasma-free amino acids have been determined in 12 small-for-date infants and in 14 normal infants at birth, at 1 week and at 1 month after birth. All infants were fed ad libitum with an adapted infant formula providing 1.9 g protein and 74 kcal/100 ml. Total serum proteins and albumin but not transferrin were low at birth in small-for-date infants, reaching normal values after 1 week of feeding. Serum globulins were low from birth to 1 week in small-for-date infants but they were normal after 1 month. Values for classical amino acid malnutrition indices suggest a state of protein-energy malnutrition which disappeared after 1 week of feeding.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Serum and urine amino acid patterns during the first month of life in small-for-date infants.

Prenatal nutrition is impaired in small-for-gestational-age infants. Serum amino acids may show some biochemical features related to the nutritional state of these children. We have carried out a study on serum and urine amino acids in 12 small-for-date infants (SFD) and 14 healthy newborns from birth to 1 month of life. SFD infants showed a high serum level of alanine and decreased concentrations of branched chain amino acids, aspartate, cystine and tryptophan at birth. The results are compatible with a protein malnutrition state. Levels of serum amino acids in SFD infants showed no differences in relation to normal infants after 1 month of rehabilitation with a diet consisting of an adapted milk formula.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Dissociation between renal gluconeogenesis and ammoniagenesis after acute liver intoxication.

Renal glucose and ammonia production as well as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and phosphate-dependent glutaminase activities were measured for acute liver intoxication. Gluconeogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increased, whereas ammonia production and phosphate-dependent glutaminase showed no changes with respect to the controls. The dissociation between gluconeogenesis and ammoniagenesis may be explained by the differential effect on the enzymes in these conditions.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1982

[Biochemical indicators of malnutrition in children with intrauterine growth retardation].

The evolution of plasma and urine amino acids in "small for dates" newborns from the first hours of life to 30 days has been studied. The results obtained point out the occurrence of malnutrition in these newborns who have lower levels of plasma albumin than controls, high indexes of malnutrition from plasma aminograms and lower urinary excretion of histidine and its N-methyl derivatives. All indexes are normalized at 7 days of life with the used diet.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Involvement of glucocorticoids in the stimulation of rat kidney phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity after liver intoxication by carbon tetrachloride.

The enhancement of rat kidney cortex phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity during acute liver intoxication by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) did not appear to be related to metabolic acidosis. Blood glucocorticoids were higher in CCl4-treated animals than in controls. Adrenalectomy fully counteracted the stimulation of renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and gluconeogenic capacity brought about by CCl4 administration. It is concluded that glucocorticoids are involved in the renal response to acute liver intoxication by CCl4.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1979

[Evolution of liver and kidney gluconeogenesis during acute liver intoxication by carbon tetrachloride (author's transl)].

Evolution of early renal metabolic adaptation to the rat liver intoxication by carbon tetrachloride is studied. Liver glycogen is very rapidly depleted (20% of initial values at 3 h) and liver gluconeogenic capacity is completely inhibited 7 h after carbon tetrachloride treatment. Contrariwise, a gradual enhancement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxikinase activity and gluconeogenic capacity of kidney cortex takes place during this period. Accordingly, renal concentrations of aspartate, malate, and phosphoenolpyruvate indicate that the reaction catalysed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is accelerated in vivo. These findings suggest that metabolic adaptation of kidney cortex in response to liver functional impairment plays an important role early after carbon tetrachloride administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Induction of rat kidney gluconeogenesis during acute liver intoxication by carbon tetrachloride.

1. Glucose production from L-lactate was completely inhibited 24h after carbon tetrachloride treatment in liver from 48h-starved rats. The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose diphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase were decreased by this treatment in fed and starved rats, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity was only decreased in fed animals. 2. The production of glucose by renal cortical slices from fed rats previously treated with carbon tetrachloride was enhanced when L-lactate, pyruvate and glutamine but not fructose were used as glucose precursors. Renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was increased in this condition. 3. This increase was counteracted by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, suggesting that the effect was due to the synthesis de novo of the enzyme. 4. The pattern of hepatic gluconeogenic metabolites in treated animals was characterized by an increase in lactate, pyruvate, malate and citrate as well as a decrease in glucose 6-phosphate, suggesting an impairment of liver gluconeogenesis in vivo. 5. In contrast, the profile of renal metabolites suggested that gluconeogenesis was operative in the treated rats, as indicated by the marked increase in the content of phosphoenolpyruvate, 2-phosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate and glucose 6-phosphate. 6. It is postulated that renal gluconeogenesis could contribute to the maintenance of glycaemia in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of dietary nucleotides on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids in term infants.

Human milk contains relatively high amounts of acid-soluble nucleotides, mainly CMP, AMP, UMP, IMP, and UDP sugars, and lacks orotate. On the contrary, cow's milk and adapted formulas contain high amounts of orotate and very low amounts of CMP and AMP. Nucleotides may be modulators of metabolic functions in gut and liver. To evaluate the possible role of dietary nucleotides in newborn fatty acid metabolism, we studied the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in 58 term infants at 30 days of age. Twenty of them were fed human milk (HM), 19 an adapted formula (MF), and 19 with the same formula supplemented with nucleotides (NMF) in an amount similar to that present in HM. Relative content of omega 6 and 3 PUFA greater than 18 carbon atoms was significantly reduced especially in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine for infants fed regular MF compared with those fed HM or NMF. Unsaturation index of red blood cell phospholipids showed a similar effect. These results suggest that dietary nucleotides play a role in the in vivo desaturation and elongation of essential fatty acids to long chain PUFA during early life for the human newborn.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in the serum amino acid pattern of injured and infected children promoted by two parenteral nutrition solutions.

The effects of two parenteral nutrition (PN) amino acid solutions (FreAmine II and F080) on the serum amino acid levels of 51 children, 27 affected by multiple trauma and 24 by bacterial sepsis, and aged from 1 month to 12 years, were studied. Serum amino acids were determined on day 1 immediately before administrating PN, and on day 5 during PN. Trauma patients on F080 exhibited higher levels of alanine, aspartate, asparagine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, total branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and total essential amino acids than those on FreAmine II; in contrast septic children showed similar levels of serum amino acids on both PN solutions. BCAA were lower in septics than in trauma patients, probably as a consequence of an increased utilization of these amino acids in sepsis because of the higher organ protein synthesis typical of this situation. The phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio was found elevated both in septic and trauma children, but it decreased after PN in the latter when using an enriched BCAA solution. Utilization of this solution, partly corrects the metabolic disturbances induced by stress, but the metabolical responses induced either by sepsis or trauma are partially different which may have important implications for patient care.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influences of postnatal age and dietary nucleotides on plasma fatty acids in the weanling rat.

Dietary nucleotides seem to play a number of physiologic roles during early life. They are improved in the maintenance of the immune system, intestinal maturation, and lipid metabolism. Nucleotides affect the conversion of essential fatty acids into their long-chain polyunsaturated (PUFA) derivatives in both preterm and at-term newborn infants. This work examines the effect of postnatal age and dietary nucleotides on the fatty acid composition of total plasma lipids and lipid fractions in the rat. Weanling rats (21 days old) were divided into three groups. The first group was killed, and the other two groups were fed a standard semipurified diet, and the same diet supplemented with 250 mg each of CMP, UMP, AMP, GMP, and IMP per 100 g of diet for 4 weeks. Advancing postnatal age led to an increase of total plasma fatty acids, especially saturated, and PUFA of the n-6 series, whereas PUFA of the n-3 series decreased. The fatty acid profile of plasma phospholipids (PL) exhibited minor changes, although there was a tendency to show lower levels of saturates and PUFA of the n-3 series and increased levels of PUFA of the n-6 series. Cholesteryl esters showed a response similar to that of PL, although the increase in arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) was significant. For triglycerides, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and monounsaturates increased their levels, whereas saturates decreased. Dietary nucleotides mediated a significant increase in total plasma fatty acids, namely monounsaturated fatty acids and PUFA of both n-6 and n-3 series as compared with the control group. The relative fatty acid composition of PL and cholesteryl esters was mostly unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of rat kidney gluconeogenic ability after impairment of liver gluconeogenesis.

The renal gluconeogenic response to the inhibition of liver gluconeogenesis was studied in rats treated with CCl4. This treatment resulted in a generalized fall of hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities and a complete impairment of liver gluconeogenesis. On the contrary, an enhancement of renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and gluconeogenic ability was found. This stimulation seemed to be not related to metabolic acidosis but mediated by glucocorticoids. On the other hand, the pattern of intermediate metabolites in kidney suggested that renal gluconeogenesis was operative in these conditions, probably playing a key role in glucose homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of dietary supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 and n-6 series and with vitamin E on the plasma fatty acid profile].

Dietary supplement with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from the series n-3 and n-5 appears to be advisable in the nutritional repletion of a variety of conditions. It must be associated with the addition of a sufficient amount of an anti-oxidant to prevent the oxidative degradation of such fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to appraise the effect of the dietary addition of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from the series n-3 and n-5 and of Vitamin E on the fatty acid profile of the plasma, and its lipidic fractions. Five groups of weaning rats were fed for a month as follows: Group A, a semipurified diet with 10% of fat [18:1(n-9) 40%; 18:2(n-6) 12%; 18:3(n-3) 1.2%]; Groups B and C, a semipurified diet with 7% of fat A and 3% of a marine oil concentrate; Groups D and E, a semipurified diet with 7% of fat A, 1.5% of a marine oil concentrate and 1.5% of a phospholipid concentrate of animal origin. Groups B and D were supplemented with 0.5 g of Vitamin E per kilogram of fat. The results obtained suggest that dietary supplement is necessary with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from both the n-3 and n-5 series in order to maintain plasmatic levels of 20:4(n-6) and of 22:6(n-3) in the face of the tissular inability to produce them from their dietary precursors [18:2(n-6) and 18:3)], along with Vitamin E to prevent the oxidative malnutrition of these fatty acids.

Animals↗