Pathological diagnoses in dogs with lymph node enlargement.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M J Day
Publications and source records attributed to M J Day.
Multiple discospondylitis associated with Aspergillus species infection in a dog.
Multiple discospondylitis was diagnosed in a four-year-old, neutered female German shepherd dog which had suffered intermittent pain of the axial skeleton for 10 months, which was followed by the sudden onset of paraplegia associated with the rupture of an affected disc. After surgical and medical management the dog began to improve but then deteriorated as a result of a pathological fracture of the fifth lumbar vertebra. A histological examination revealed fungal hyphae at the sites affected radiographically and they were identified by immunohistochemistry as Aspergillus species. No fungal hyphae were identified in other tissues. This is the first report of canine mycotic discospondylitis in the United Kingdom.
Animals↗
Tissue immunoglobulin G subclasses observed in immune-mediated dermatopathy, deep pyoderma and hypersensitivity dermatitis in dogs.
A panel of monoclonal antibodies has been used to define three of the four subclasses of canine immunoglobulin G (IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) in formalin-fixed tissues. These reagents, together with a polyclonal antiserum specific for the Fc region of canine IgG, were used in an immunohistochemical study of biopsies of skin from five normal dogs and from the lesions of canine pemphigus foliaceus in seven dogs, discoid lupus erythematosus in eight dogs, bullous pemphigoid in one dog, cutaneous drug eruption in two dogs, deep pyoderma in 13 dogs and hypersensitivity dermatitis in eight dogs. IgG autoantibody was identified in the skin of all the dogs with immune-mediated dermatoses by using the polyclonal reagent, and antibody of the IgG2 and/or IgG4 subclass was identified in the epidermis of three of the dogs with pemphigus foliaceus, two of those with discoid lupus erythematosus and in the dog with bullous pemphigoid. In all the lesions, the infiltrate of dermal plasma cells consisted of similar numbers of IgG2 and IgG4 bearing cells, with relatively few IgG3 positive cells. The total number of these cells was generally approximately the same as or greater than the number of cells labelled with the polyclonal reagent. There was no significant difference between the IgG-bearing plasma cell infiltrate in German shepherd dogs with deep pyoderma and that in dogs of other breeds. The infiltration of IgG2 and IgG4 bearing plasma cells into the skin of dogs with a range of cutaneous disorders was related to the selectively enhanced serum levels of these subclasses in the diseased dogs.
Animals↗
Immunophenotypic characterization of cutaneous lymphoid neoplasia in the dog and cat.
Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are presented from a series of cutaneous lymphoid neoplasms including canine epitheliotrophic lymphoma (n = 7), canine non-epitheliotrophic cutaneous lymphoma (n = 10), canine cutaneous plasmacytoma (n = 10) and feline non-epitheliotrophic cutaneous lymphoma (n = 6). Three cases of canine epitheliotrophic lymphoma expressed the CD3 T-lymphocyte marker, but the remainder were negative for this molecule and for a panel of B-cell markers. Non-epitheliotrophic cutaneous lymphoma was shown to be predominantly of T-cell phenotype (CD3+) in the dog (eight of 10 cases) and cat (five of six cases), the remaining cases in both species being of B-cell origin, expressing the gamma heavy chain of immunoglobulin (with or without lambda light chain). One canine non-epitheliotrophic B-cell lymphoma expressed IgG of the IgG2 subclass. Two of the biopsies from dogs with cutaneous plasmacotyoma were shown to express immunoglobulin alpha chain (one with lambda chain) and two neoplasms were positive for immunoglobulin gamma chain (both with lambda chain). One of the latter immunoglobulins was of the IgG4 subclass. In the majority of all cases of cutaneous lymphoid neoplasia examined, there was a local polyclonal immune response, manifested as infiltration by a mixed population of plasma cells expressing IgG (IgG2, IgG4), IgA or IgM. In the feline tumours CD3+ small T lymphocytes were included in these infiltrates.
Animals↗
An analysis of the instability kinetics of plasmid pHSG415 during continuous culture of Escherichia coli.
The effect of dilution rate on the instability kinetics of Escherichia coli RV308(pHSG415) during glucose-limited continuous culture is examined. Two nonlinear models are fitted to the data, both of which characterize the plasmid-host system in terms of the rate parameters R (for the plasmid segregation rate) and d mu (for the specific growth rate difference between plasmid-free and plasmid-bearing single cells). In the first model, both R and d mu have constant values with respect to time. In the second, either R or d mu is represented as a time-dependent function. Although both models fit the data equally well, it is demonstrated that the constant rate parameter model gives results which appear to be misleading. A comparison is also made among some of the many plasmid instability models (both mass-balance and segregated) which have appeared in the literature. It is found that all of these give identical trajectories and differ only in the definitions of the rate parameters used.
Cell Division↗
Electronmicroscopic investigation of the effects of biocides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO bacteriophage F116.
Electronmicroscopy was used to observe morphological changes of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA0 bacteriophage F116 when treated with various biocides commonly used as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Because of its large size (145 nm) and its organised structure (an isometric head and a tail), it was possible to classify structural damage into eight categories. The morphological changes induced depended on the type of biocide used and its concentration. Glutaraldehyde increased the number of phages with empty heads. Peracetic acid and phenol altered the appearance of the viral genome packaged inside the head, produced fractured heads, and damaged the tail. Peracetic acid also induced folding of the phage heads. The alcohols tested also altered the head structure. Cetylpyridinium chloride induced mainly fractured head damage. Chlorhexidine had little effect on the structure of F116.
1-Propanol↗
Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays study of the distribution of chlorhexidine diacetate and cetylpyridinium chloride on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage F116.
Using an energy dispersive analyser of X-rays fitted to a scanning electron microscope, chlorhexidine was shown not to bind onto F116 bacteriophage, unlike cetylpyridinium chloride, which possibly penetrated the phage. This could explain the difference in viricidal activity between the two compounds.
Bacteriophages↗
A review of pathological diagnoses made from 87 canine splenic biopsies.
The pathological findings in 87 cases of canine splenic abnormality recognised clinically by abdominal palpation or radiography, or at exploratory laparotomy, are presented. The most common diagnosis was of splenic neoplasia (n = 38) and the most frequently recognised canine splenic neoplasm was haemangiosarcoma (17 of 38 cases). Benign splenic enlargement secondary to nodular hyperplasia (n = 6), haematoma (n = 16) or non-specific changes including congestion, haemorrhage, extramedullary haemopoiesis and haemosiderin deposition (n = 14) was also recognised. A diagnosis of non-specific pathology was more frequently recorded when portions of spleen, as opposed to the entire organ, were submitted for assessment. Splenic infarction, with (n = 3) or without (n = 7) torsion, abscessation (n = 2) and focal mast cell proliferation (n = 1) accounted for the remainder of the cases. Clinical follow-up was available for 35 cases and revealed good long-term survival in cases of splenic haematoma or haemangioma, with relatively poor survival with a diagnosis of splenic haemangiosarcoma or anaplastic sarcoma. A range of splenic disorders was recognised in dogs of the labrador breed (16 of 87 cases) and three of 17 cases of haemangiosarcoma occurred in German shepherd dogs. The possible predisposition of dogs of these breeds to splenic disorders is discussed.
Abscess↗
Melanocytic neoplasia in the cat.
Clinical features and histopathological details from 13 cases of melanocytic neoplasia in the cat are presented. The series includes cases of intraocular melanoma (n = 5), limbal melanoma (n = 2), dermal melanoma (n = 5) and one case of metastatic melanoma for which a primary site was not identified. In the case of the intraocular tumours, there was apparent correlation between the degree of cellular pleomorphism, the mitotic rate and the extent of local infiltration. Such an association was not identified for the melanomas arising from the limbus or skin.
Animals↗
The use of intraarterial papaverine in the management of vasospasm complicating arteriovenous malformation resection. Report of two cases.
The authors report two cases of treatment by intraarterial papaverine of cerebral vasospasm complicating the resection of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Both cases had successful reversal of vasospasm documented on angiography. In the first case sustained neurological improvement occurred, resulting in a normal outcome by the time of discharge. In the second case, neurological deterioration occurred with the development of cerebral edema. This complication was thought to be due to normal perfusion pressure breakthrough, on the basis of angiographic arterial vasodilation and increased cerebral blood flow. These two cases illustrate an unusual complication of surgery for AVMs and demonstrate that vasospasm (along with intracranial hemorrhage, venous occlusion, and normal perfusion pressure breakthrough) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of delayed neurological deterioration following resection of these lesions. Although intraarterial papaverine may be successful in dilating spastic arteries, it may also result in pathologically high flows following AVM resection. However, this complication has not been seen in our experience of treating aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by this technique.
Adult↗
Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of IgG subclasses in the serum of normal and diseased dogs.
The present study describes the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay capable of quantifying serum antibody of all four canine IgG subclasses. A panel of subclass-restricted and subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies was used to measure IgG subclasses in the serum of healthy dogs, as well as in dogs with a range of clinical diseases. The subclasses have been redefined as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 based on a comparison with the relative concentration and electrophoretic mobilities of human IgG subclasses. In serum samples from healthy dogs, the concentration of IgG1 (mean, 8.17 +/- 0.95 mg ml-1) and IgG2 (mean, 8.15 +/- 3.16 mg ml-1) were very similar and considerably higher than the levels of IgG3 (mean, 0.36 +/- 0.43 mg ml-1) and IgG4 (mean, 0.95 +/- 0.45 mg ml-1). There was no apparent difference in the level of subclasses between the different breeds comprising this normal population. Sera from dogs with a range of immune-mediated or inflammatory diseases all had markedly elevated levels of IgG2 (more than 13 mg ml-1), but IgG1 decreased (less than 4 mg ml-1) to levels below the normal range.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies specific for the subclasses of canine IgG.
Canine IgG is composed of four subclasses, which are defined as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 on the basis of data from fast protein liquid chromatography, and their electrophoretic mobilities and relative concentrations in serum. This paper describes the preparation of mAbs specific for determinants on canine IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. The mAb specific for IgG2 resulted from a conventional immunisation protocol. The mAb specific for IgG3 was a result of immunisation with IgG3 combined with the suppression of the immune response to IgG1 by passively administered anti-IgG1 antibody. The mAb specific for IgG4 resulted from immunisation with Fab or Fc fragments which were obtained by the cleavage of the IgG4 molecule with papain. The specificity of each mAb was established by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which showed that all three specific clones recognised a determinant in the Fd region of the canine immunoglobulin molecule.
Animals↗
An immunopathological study of deep pyoderma in the dog.
The numbers of T lymphocytes (expressing the CD3 marker) and B lymphocytes/plasma cells (expressing IgG, IgM or IgA) in normal canine skin and infiltrating the lesions of deep pyoderma in seven German shepherd dogs and four dogs of other breeds are compared. All dogs with deep pyoderma had similar numbers of IgG, IgM and IgA bearing B lymphocytes/plasma cells but there was a marked paucity of T lymphocytes within the affected skin of German shepherd dogs when compared with that of dogs from other breeds. This suggests a role for T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of deep pyoderma in the German shepherd dog.
Animals↗
Congenital choanal restriction in 3 horses.
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Animals↗
Effect of Biocides on MS2 and K Coliphages.
Several biocides commonly used in disinfection processes as antibacterial and antifungal agents were tested for activity against MS2 and K coliphages. MS2 was resistant to most biocides; only glutaraldehyde (0.5%) and peracetic acid (1%) achieved a 4-log(10) titer reduction in 20 min. In contrast, K phage was sensitive to most biocides, being resistant only to phenol (2%) and chlorhexidine (1%).
Journal Article↗
Unilateral fungal pyelonephritis in a dog.
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Animals↗
Successful treatment of an acute thrombosis of an intracranial vertebral artery endarterectomy with urokinase.
This is a case report of a 47-year-old man admitted with a 7-month history of disequilibrium, multiple reversible vertebrobasilar ischemic attacks, and one submaximal completed stroke in the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery distribution. Vertebrobasilar ischemic attacks continued despite anti-coagulation, and orthostatic symptomatology suggested a significant hemodynamic component contributing to the posterior circulation ischemia. Angiography confirmed bilateral high-grade stenoses of the intracranial vertebral arteries. A right intracranial vertebral artery endarterectomy was performed with electroencephalographic and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring and protection with barbiturate infusion. The arteriotomy was closed with a vein patch. Postoperatively, the endarterectomy site thrombosed. This thrombosis was completely reversed with 220,000 U of urokinase selectively infused intra-arterially at the site of thrombosis. This procedure was not complicated by hemorrhage or distal embolization. The vertebral artery was confirmed to be patent 24 hours and 7 days after the urokinase injection. The patient sustained a borderzone infarction in the right cerebellar hemisphere without neurological deficits and was discharged home well.
Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
Educational assessment of the adult with congenital heart disease.
Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) have specific educational needs that are influenced by a variety of factors. This article identifies and discusses learning needs and factors that impact educational outcomes for the adult CHD patient population. Assessment techniques and an assessment tool are presented to guide the nurse through the process of assessing an adult patient seeking health care for this disease.
Adult↗