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Biomedical subjects

M J Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to M J Cooper.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The clinical assessment of duodenogastric reflux by scintigraphy and its relation to histological changes in gastric mucosa.

Fifty-seven patients undergoing routine or review gastroscopy had multiple gastric biopsies taken and assessed histologically for gastritis, metaplasia and dysplasia. Duodenogastric reflux was graded scintigraphically by BIDA Scanning. Patients with dysplastic changes in the gastric mucosa (n = 33) had a higher mean grade of reflux 2.1 +/- 0.21 (mean +/- SEM) than patients with no dysplasia (1.1 +/- 0.24: P less than 0.0025). Patients with metaplasia (n = 33) had an increased mean grade of reflux of 2.0 +/- 0.19 compared with patients without metaplasia (1.3 +/- 0.29: P less than 0.05), but there was no significant difference in degree of reflux between patients with and without gastritis. When the grade of reflux was plotted against increasing degrees of mucosal abnormalities, there appeared to be a positive correlation between duodenogastric reflux and severity of mucosal change.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

The problems associated with scintigraphic assessment of duodenogastric reflux.

Imaging with 99mTc-IDA derivatives is a recognised technique for assessing duodenogastric reflux. A study of 150 consecutive scans has revealed a number of limitations in its use. Anatomical definition of the stomach on static imaging and computed data analysis of reflux, were often complicated by overlap by the left lobe of the liver and the duodenal-jejunal flexure. Delineation of the antrum was poor, and as it is so close to the duodenal cap and hepato-biliary activity, transient small volumes of reflux may not have been detectable. Quantification of massive reflux was easily reproducible but computer analysis of small volumes of transient reflux was often uninterpretable. A proposed clinical grading of reflux takes into account the intensity, extent and duration of reflux, and can be matched with other clinico-pathological features.

Computers↗
PubMed1983

The value of operative pancreatography.

Between 1978 and 1982 operative pancreatography was undertaken in 39 patients (mean age 47 years) using 1 of 4 different techniques. Final diagnoses were chronic pancreatitis (15), isolated dorsal pancreas (10), carcinoma head of pancreas (3), acute pancreatitis (3) and miscellaneous pancreatic conditions (8). Retrograde (transduodenal) pancreatograms were successfully obtained in 10 of 12 patients, including 3 via the minor papilla. Prograde cannulation was achieved after distal pancreatectomy in 15 of 16 patients, 10 of whom had an isolated dorsal pancreas. 'Ambigrade' pancreatography was performed after direct puncture of a palpable duct in 6 patients and cystography in another 5 patients with pseudocysts. No complications of pancreatography were seen and the radiological findings modified the operative procedure in 16 patients (41 per cent).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The action of salicylates on bile flow in man.

Following oral administration of 1.5 g of sodium salicylate or acetylsalicylate to five patients with indwelling T-tubes there was an approximately 50% increase in bile flow. The increase appeared to be in the bile-acid independent fraction of canalicular flow and was not accompanied by a change in lithogenicity. Neither agent would be of use in the medical treatment of cholesterol gallstones.

Bile↗
PubMed1983

An unusually severe case of the cast syndrome.

A severe case of the cast syndrome is described following Harrington rod distraction and application of a body cast. The case was unusual as it presented late with no warning symptoms and progressed rapidly to death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Complement activation and complement control proteins in acute pancreatitis.

Serum levels of the complement proteins C3, C4, C1 inhibitor (C1 INH), factor I (C3b inactivator) and factor H (BIH) and plasma levels of cleavage products of C3 (C3c) and factor B were measured in 26 patients with acute pancreatitis. Breakdown of C3 occurred in 19 patients, as shown by a reduction in C3 level and the presence of C3c. C4 levels, however, did not fall and factor B breakdown products were not detected, thus suggesting that enzymatic cleavage of C3 occurred without significant involvement of either the early classical pathway or the alternative pathway. C1 INH and factor H both showed increases, presumably reflecting an acute phase response. Factor I showed an initial fall followed by a rise. There was no correlation between the presence or extent of C3 breakdown and the clinical condition of the patients. It is concluded that C3 cleavage in pancreatitis probably results from tryptic activity and that the measurement of complement components has no part to play in the management of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Guanine nucleotide and cation regulation of the binding of [3H]cyclohexyladenosine and [3H]diethylphenylxanthine to adenosine A1 receptors in brain membranes.

Guanine nucleotides, divalent cations, and sodium differentially regulate agonist and antagonist binding to adenosine A1 receptors in brain membranes. Guanine nucleotides decrease the binding of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist [3H]N6-cyclohexyladenosine ([3H]CHA) to guinea pig and bovine brain membranes by about 50% at 1--3 microM, while not affecting binding of the antagonist [3H]1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine ([3H]DPX) to A1 receptors in bovine brain. GTP decreases the potency of agonists competing for [3H]DPX binding by 3--6 times, without altering the potency of antagonists. This effect can be used to grade experimental substances along an adenosine agonist-antagonist continuum. The 66% inhibition of [3H]CHA binding by 1 mM EDTA, with no change in [3H]DPX binding, suggests that endogenous divalent cations may regulate adenosine receptor interactions. Removal of endogenous divalent cations by EDTA treatment greatly increases the enhancement of [3H]CHA binding by divalent cations. Specific binding of [3H]CHA to guinea pig brain is increased 150--170% by 0.3--1.0 mM Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ following EDTA preincubation, secondary to an increase in apparent affinity and receptor number. Sodium ions also selectively regulate the binding of [3H]CHA. Sodium decreases [3H]CHA binding 40%, whereas lithium and potassium are ineffective. Sodium does not affect [3H]DPX binding.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1982

The role of peritoneal lavage in the prediction and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.

Four practice criteria of severity were assessed on admission in 87 patients with acute pancreatitis. The value of hypotension and hypocalcaemia was limited by their lack of sensitivity (14-32%). Hypoxaemia and a positive peritoneal tap had greater sensitivity (47-55%) without losing diagnostic accuracy (83-84%). The presence of one or more positive criteria discriminated between a 'severe' group of patients with a mortality of 43% and a 'mild' group with a majority of 3% (p less than 0.001). Twenty-three patients with predicted 'severe' disease were randomised to receive peritoneal lavage for 72 h (9) or no lavage (14), but no statistically significant benefit has yet been shown from this treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Family history in assessing the risk for progression of mitral valve prolapse. Report of a kindred.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) consists of prolapse or billowing of the mitral leaflet(s) into the left atrium during ventricular systole associated with a mid-to-late systolic click and/or a late systolic murmur. Thoracic skeletal abnormalities, progressive mitral regurgitation, ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden death have been associated with an autosomal dominant "MVP syndrome." The discovery of MVP in an asymptomatic 8-year-old boy led to a family investigation with subsequent delineation of age-related, progressive, mitral valve disease through four generations of the kindred. Although generally considered a benign syndrome, obtaining a full family history is important in assessing the risk for progression of mitral valve disease in affected family members.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Hemorrhage from ileal varices after total proctocolectomy.

We report two cases of hemorrhage from ileal varices developing after total proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis. Intermittent peristomal bleeding preceded life-threatening hemorrhage from tru ileal varices proximal to the stoma. Management by portacaval shunting was effective and has not resulted in encephalopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Prospective evaluation of some candidate tumor markers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

As part of a prospective diagnostic protocol, patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer had systemic and portal venous blood samples assayed, in coded batches, for peptide hormones and enzymes thought to be of potential value as tumor markers. An average of 111 patients were tested for each candidate marker. Results were analyzed by dividing patients into three groups according to the definitive diagnoses. These were pancreatic cancer (32% of patients), other cancers (27%), and benign diseases (41%). Although elevated mean levels of fasting plasma glucose and serum alkaline phosphatase were found in the pancreatic cancer group, there were no significant differences in the mean levels of any of the candidate markers studied in the three groups. The diagnostic values of normal and elevated levels of each candidate marker studied have been calculated. None has proven to be as useful as the serum level of pancreatic oncofetal antigen, fasting plasma glucose, or serum alkaline phosphatase in the diagnosis or exclusion of pancreatic cancer.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗