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Biomedical subjects

M J Clancy

Publications and source records attributed to M J Clancy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Changes in stroke distance in response to haemorrhage in a swine model.

OBJECTIVE: To determine, using an animal model of blood loss, (1) if stroke distance, derived non-invasively from the time integral of the maximum velocity of red cells in the aorta, changed to a greater extent than heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP), which are recognised to be unreliable indicators of blood loss; (2) if changes in stroke distance reflected changes in stroke volume derived from thermodilution cardiac output measurements. METHODS: Eight anaesthetised swine had baseline measurements of heart rate, MAP, stroke volume, and stroke distance and were then exsanguinated at a rate of 1 ml/kg/min. Percentage changes from baseline of heart rate, MAP, stroke volume, and stroke distance were compared after 10, 20, and 30 ml/kg blood loss. The animal's blood was then reinfused at the rate of 2 ml/kg/min for 15 min, followed by normal saline 1 ml/kg/min. Percentage changes from baseline measurement of stroke volume and stroke distance over the whole experiment were evaluated by regression analysis. RESULTS: Heart rate, MAP, and stroke distance changed +7.9%, -22.5%, and -18.1% respectively (from baseline values) after 10 ml/kg blood loss; +23.2%, -44.0%, and -47.4% after 20 ml/kg blood loss; and +55.7%, -62.0%, and -69.8% after 30 ml/kg blood loss. Regression analysis of percentage changes in stroke volume and stroke distance from their baseline values at experimental time zero is stroke volume = 1.014 x stroke distance -2.156, r = 0.92, n = 54, P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: (1) At maximal blood loss, stroke distance changes to a greater extent than heart rate and MAP. (2) Changes in stroke distance reflected changes in stroke volume but with less variability at lower values. Stroke distance may be a more useful measure of blood loss than heart rate and MAP.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The SPR3 gene encodes a sporulation-specific homologue of the yeast CDC3/10/11/12 family of bud neck microfilaments and is regulated by ABFI.

The SPR3 gene is selectively activated only during the sporulation phase of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) life cycle. The predicted amino acid (aa) sequence has homology to microfilament proteins that are involved in cytokinesis and other proteins of unknown function. These include the products of Sc cell division cycle (CDC) genes involved in bud formation (Cdc3p, Cdc10p, Cdc11p and Cdc12p), Candida albicans proteins that accumulate in the hyphal phase (CaCdc3p and CaCdc10p), mouse brain-specific (H5p) and lymphocyte (Diff6p) proteins, Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) protein Pnutp (which is localized to the cleavage furrow of dividing cells), a Diff6p homologue (DmDiff6p), and the Sc septin protein (Sep1hp), a homologue of the 10-nm filament proteins of Sc. One strongly conserved region contains a potential ATP-GTP-binding domain. Primer extension analysis revealed six major transcription start points (tsp) beginning at -142 relative to the ATG start codon. The sequence immediately upstream from the tsp contains consensus binding sites for the HAP2/3/4 and ABFI transcription factors, a T-rich sequence and two putative novel elements for mid to late sporulation, termed SPR3 and PAL. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and footprint analyses demonstrated that the ABFI protein binds to a region containing the putative ABFI site in vitro, and site-directed mutagenesis showed that the ABFI motif is essential for expression of SPR3 at the appropriate stage in sporulating cells.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1995

The use of ultrasound in the non-invasive detection of changes in the renal circulation in response to blood loss using an animal model.

Using a continuous haemorrhage model, 8 anaesthetised swine were bled 1 ml/kg per min for 30 min. The resistance index (RI) of the main renal artery, interlobar and arcuate vessels all significantly increased. Cortical Doppler signals were lost in 4 animals at a mean arterial pressure of 26 mmHg. After reinfusion of blood and normal saline only the RI of the interlobar vessels was significantly different from baseline readings. Ultrasound demonstrated non-invasively changes in regional blood flow within the kidney in response to hypovolaemic shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Pneumatic anti-shock garment--does it have a future?

A total of 100 accident and emergency (A&E) departments in the UK responded to a questionnaire about their use of the pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG). Less than one in 10 departments used PASG in their prehospital care system, less than one in five departments used PASG during in-patient care, and there was wide variation in PASG usage in those situations for which their use is recommended by the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1994

The effect of audit and feedback on data recording in the accident and emergency department.

Thirteen newly appointed senior house officers (SHOs) at two hospitals were assessed in the recording of two variables: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and diagnostic coding at Hospital A, and GCS at Hospital B. At Hospitals A and B baseline recordings of these variables were established. Active feedback (in the form of data presentation and discussion) was given at 6 and 11 weeks and a final 4-week audit was performed on GCS recordings at 20 weeks. Analysis of GCS recordings of head injuries at Hospitals A and B showed an increase from baseline values of 162/401 (40%) to 336/420 (80%) after feedback 1, and after feedback 2 recordings increased to 379/429 (88%). This was maintained in the last 4-week audit which showed recordings of 220/244 (90%). Further analysis of Hospital A's data showed the SHOs recorded diagnostic coding in 1335/4406 (30%) of cases. After feedback 1, recordings increased to 2550/3327 (77%). After feedback 2 there was no change in recording 2712/3530 (77%). Active feedback improves data recording. The first feedback has a greater impact than the second. Two feedbacks produce a sustained effect in 6 months.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1992

IME4, a gene that mediates MAT and nutritional control of meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sporulation occurs in response to nutritional and genetic signals. The process is initiated when nutrient availability limits mitotic growth, but only in MATa/MAT alpha diploid cells. Under these conditions, the cells express an activator of meiosis (IME1), which is required for the expression of early sporulation-specific genes. We describe a new gene, IME4, whose activity is essential for IME1 transcript accumulation and sporulation. The IME4 transcript was induced in starved MATa/MAT alpha diploids but not in other cell types. In addition, excess IME4 promoted sporulation in mat-insufficient cells. Thus, IME4 appears to activate IME1 in response to cell type and nutritional signals. We have also explored the interactions between IME4 and two genes that are known to regulate IME1 expression. Normally, cells that lack complete MAT information cannot sporulate; when such strains lack RME1 activity or contain the semidominant RES1-1 mutation, however, they can express IME1 and sporulate to low levels. Our results show that mat-insufficient strains containing rme1::LEU2 or RES1-1 bypass mutations still retain MAT control of IME4 expression. Even though IME4 levels remained low, the rme1::LEU2 and RES1-1 mutations allowed IME1 accumulation, implying that these mutations do not require IME4 to exert their effects. In accord with this interpretation, the RES1-1 mutation allowed IME1 accumulation in MATa/MAT alpha strains that contain ime4::LEU2 alleles. These strains still sporulated poorly, suggesting that IME4 plays a role in sporulation in addition to promoting IME1 transcript accumulation. IME4 is located between ADE5 and LYS5 on chromosome VII.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

A study of the eye care provided by an accident and emergency department.

The eye care provided by an Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department was prospectively studied over a 2-month period. Six out of a total of 506 patients were deemed to have been treated unsatisfactorily by the A&E Department. None of these patients suffered serious sequelae. Approximately one in three of those patients seen solely by A&E staff failed to have their visual acuity recorded.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1990

Differential regulation of STA genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The single glucoamylase gene (SGA1) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is expressed exclusively during the sporulation phase of the life cycle. Enzymatic studies and nucleic acid sequence comparisons have shown that the SGA1 glucoamylase is closely related to the secreted enzymes of S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus. The latter are encoded by any of three unlinked STA genes, which have been proposed to derive from the ancestral SGA1 form by genomic rearrangement. We show that the regulation of SGA1 is distinct from that of the other members of the STA gene family. SGA1 expression did not respond to STA10, the primary determinant of glucoamylase expression from STA2. Unlike STA2, SGA1 was not regulated directly by the mating type locus. Expression of SGA1 depended on the function of the MAT products in supporting sporulation and not on the formation of haploid progeny spores or on the composition of the mating type locus per se. We conclude that the STA genes acquired regulation by STA10 and MAT by the genomic rearrangements that led to their formation. This regulation is thus distinct from that of the ancestral SGA1 gene.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1990

Functional analysis of the sporulation-specific SPR6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The SPR6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a moderately abundant RNA that is present at high levels only during sporulation. The gene contains a long open reading frame that could encode a hydrophilic protein approximately 21 kDa in size. This protein is probably produced by the yeast, because the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli is expressed during sporulation when fused to SPR6 in the expected reading frame. SPR6 is inessential for sporulation; mutants that lack SPR6 activity sporulate normally and produce viable ascospores. Nonetheless, the SPR6 gene encodes a function that is relevant to sporulating cells; the wild-type allele can enhance sporulation in strains that are defective for several SPR functions. SPR6 is located on chromosome V, 14.4 centimorgans centromere-distal to MET6.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

An RME1-independent pathway for sporulation control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae acts through IME1 transcript accumulation.

The RES1-1 mutation was isolated on the basis of its ability to allow MATa/MAT alpha diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to express a late sporulation-regulated gene, SPR3, in the presence of excess copies of RME1. RME1 is a repressor of meiosis that is normally expressed in cells that lack the a1/alpha 2 repressor encoded by MAT. The RES1-1 mutation also supports sporulation in mat-insufficient diploids. This phenotype does not result from a failure to express RME1 and is not due to activation of the silent copies of mating type information. RES1-1 activates sporulation by allowing IME1 accumulation in all cell types, irrespective of the presence of the MAT products. IME1 is still responsive to RME1 in RES1-1 cells, since double mutants (rme1 RES1-1) that are deficient at MAT can sporulate better than either single mutant. RES1-1 is not an allele of IME1.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Undergraduate medical student education: the case for a national curriculum.

Thirty-eight teaching hospital affiliated accident and emergency departments were surveyed by post to try to find if there had been any change in undergraduate medical student teaching over the past 10 years. Twenty-six departments replied. The results showed that although there has been an improvement in the teaching of A&E medicine to undergraduates in the past few years there are still some medical schools where an A&E attachment is not mandatory. In those departments providing teaching, there is wide variation in course duration and content.

Curriculum↗