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Biomedical subjects

M J Carter

Publications and source records attributed to M J Carter.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A dot-blot hybridization procedure for the detection of astrovirus in stool samples.

We have developed a nucleic acid dot-blot hybridization test for the detection of astroviruses in stool samples. The test was not as sensitive as electron microscopy for the detection of low numbers of well preserved astrovirus particles, but was able to identify astroviruses in stools containing particles of indistinct morphology. In total, this procedure identified astroviruses in more samples than did electron microscopy, and the data indicate that the incidence of astroviruses may be substantially underestimated.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1991

Management considerations for an HIV positive dental student.

Health care workers who are HIV positive or who have AIDS are faced with unique and perplexing problems. Likewise dental students who are HIV positive present a special circumstance that demands review of ethical, legal, managerial, and medical considerations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the management considerations at the Medical College of Georgia following a recent report of an HIV positive dental student. The administration assembled a diverse team of experts for advice in the situation. This group assumed that the circumstance was a potential crisis with possible serious long-term implications. Therefore detailed planning, appropriate announcements, and careful management have been the administration's principle goal for several weeks. The key management strategies and actions are described from the time of notification of the student's HIV antibody test results through the initial testing of the patient population subgroup.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

Results of laser treatment for sub-retinal neovascular membranes.

A retrospective study was carried out to determine the results of laser treatment for choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration in 92 patients in whom fluorescein angiography was performed for this condition over a 7-year period. Twenty-nine of these patients, treated with the argon laser, were followed up regularly for 15 months. The treatment comprised overlapping laser spots of 200 microns and an average power of 390 mW. The results of this study demonstrated that: (i) the majority of membranes were closer than 500 microns from the foveola; (ii) the second eye involvement rate in the same patient was 15,79% over 15 months; and (iii) a 37,5% significant visual loss or 41% two lines or greater visual loss was seen after 15 months, which compares favourably with results of laser treatment reported by other institutions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Transcription of feline calicivirus RNA.

We report here the cloning and 3' sequence determination of feline calicivirus strain F9. Subcloning the 3' terminus enabled the production of strand specific probes for RNA synthesis. We extend the number of virus specific RNAs detected intracellularly to 8, and show that numbers 1-5 are represented as negative strands which may serve as templates in the synthesis of these RNAs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of interpersonal problem-solving skills.

A new instrument for assessing social skills of schizophrenic patients, Assessment of Interpersonal Problem-Solving Skills (AIPSS), is a videotaped-based test with an examiner's administration and scoring manual. The test measures an examinee's ability to describe an interpersonal social problem, to derive a solution to the problem, and to enact a solution in a role-played simulation test. In a study using a sample of schizophrenic outpatients and a comparison group of nonpatients, we found that the test had adequate psychometric properties, and the patients demonstrated deficits on all scales relative to the nonpatients. The results of the study also provided partial support for the validity of an information-processing model of social skills, which was used as a basis for constructing the AIPSS. Thus, the AIPSS represents a departure from previous methods of assessing social skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Feline calicivirus protein synthesis investigated by western blotting.

We have used Western blotting to examine the accumulation of feline calicivirus proteins within the infected cell. Experiments using elevated growth temperature to block post-translational cleavage have demonstrated two additional high molecular weight protein bands 125 kd and 123 kd respectively which may be precursor polyproteins. Inhibition of proteolytic processing with p-fluorophenylalanine led to the accumulation of several additional protein species which may represent intermediates in the protein processing pathway. None of these proteins were related to the 62 kd major capsid protein (cP62) of the virus as judged by reaction with monoclonal antibodies. The production of a 76 kd capsid precursor protein (cpP 76) was demonstrated for the first time in FCV-infected cells. The pathway by which calicivirus polypeptides are made thus appears highly complex and may involve temporal regulation of protein synthesis as well as protein processing. Tentative identification of primary, intermediate and mature forms of virus proteins is discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

The relationship between condylar guidance and temporomandibular joint clicking.

The association between condylar inclination and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking was tested by measuring the angles of condylar guidance in the sagittal plane during opening and closing movements in 12 subjects with temporomandibular joint clicks and 16 subjects without TMJ clicks. Each subject had tracings made by using a customized functional clutch. All subjects had full dentition and were without symptomatic mandibular dysfunction. Condylar inclinations were measured in parasagittal tracing planes. The travel path of the hinge axis of the condyle's movements was recorded, directly formed, and compared with a four-component axiograph recording that used the axis-orbital plane as a reference for the subjects. The measurements of angles along several distances (millimeters) of condylar guidance from the axis-orbital plane were obtained and evaluated. The measurements were made in the sagittal plane and through opening-closing movements starting from the actual occlusal vertical dimension of each subject. The results do not support the hypothesis that mean angles of the condylar guidance are significantly different in the group with TMJ clicking compared with the group without TMJ clicking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Monoclonal antibodies to feline calicivirus.

We have prepared monoclonal antibodies to the capsid protein of feline calicivirus (FCV). These antibodies are directed against two close but distinct epitopes, only one of which is involved in virus neutralization. We have used these antibodies and immune cat serum in immunoprecipitation and Western blotting experiments and have identified novel proteins in FCV-infected cells which we term P78, P41, P35 and P29. The number and sizes of FCV proteins now known resemble those made by other caliciviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Is a persistent adenovirus infection involved in coeliac disease?

Recent evidence has implicated adenovirus 12 in the aetiology of coeliac disease so that persistent infection by this virus must be considered. We have undertaken a search for adenovirus DNA in duodenal biopsy samples from a total of 26 coeliac and non-coeliac patients. We could find no evidence of persistent virus DNA by Southern blot techniques even under conditions which approach a sensitivity of one copy of virus genome per cell, and use either adenovirus 12 or 41 DNA.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1989

Preoperative assessment as a predictor of mortality and morbidity after lung resection.

To refine the functional guidelines for operability for lung resection, we prospectively studied 55 consecutive patients with suspected lung malignancy thought to be surgically resectable. Lung function and exercise capacity were measured preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Preoperative pulmonary scintigraphy was used to calculate the contribution to overall function by the affected lung or lobe and to predict postoperative lung function. Pneumonectomy was performed in 18 patients, lobectomy in 29, and thoracotomy without resection in six. No surgery was attempted in two patients who were considered functionally inoperable. Cardiopulmonary complications developed in 16 patients within 30 days of surgery, including three deaths. The predictions of postoperative function correlated well with the measured values at 3 months. For FEV1, r = 0.51 in pneumonectomy (p less than 0.05) and 0.89 in lobectomy (p less than 0.001). Predicted postoperative FEV1 (FEV1-ppo), diffusing capacity (DLCO), predicted postoperative DLCO (DLCO-ppo) and exercise-induced arterial O2 desaturation (delta SaO2) were predictive of postoperative complications including death and respiratory failure. In patients who underwent pneumonectomy, the best predictor of death was FEV1-ppo. The predictions were enhanced by expressing the value as a percentage of the predicted normal value (% pred) rather than in absolute units. For the entire surgical group a FEV1-ppo greater than or equal to 40% pred was associated with no postoperative mortality (n = 47), whereas a value less than 40% pred was associated with a 50% mortality (n = 6), suggesting that resection is feasible when FEV1-ppo is greater than or equal to 40% pred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Are continuous cell lines safe as substrates for human drugs and biologics? A case study with human growth hormone.

The development of a genetically engineered human growth hormone (hGH) preparation is described. The cell line used to produce hGH is a C127 mouse cell transformed with a bovine papilloma virus (BPV) vector. Master, Extended Production, and Working Cell Banks were established. Product is produced by culturing in growth medium, and purified using a series of chromatography and ultrafiltration steps. Extensive testing of cell banks, and bulk and finished product reveals that the cells used to produce hGH are phenotypically and genotypically stable and are free from contamination with adventitious agents. Levels of residual host cell DNA are well below accepted guidelines. Clinical data gathered in multicenter trials confirm the efficacy and safety of the product in the treatment of classic growth hormone deficiency. The regulatory history of human growth hormone in the U.S. is reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Restriction enzyme analysis of faecal adenoviruses in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Adenovirus DNA was isolated directly from virus-containing stools and digested with restriction endonucleases. The resulting fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and visualized by silver staining. This enabled us to assign most of the viruses detected to subgenus, serotype and, sometimes, unique strains. Although less sensitive than electron microscopy, the method allowed more information about the infecting virus to be obtained and no cultivation was necessary. Comparison with culture also allowed dual infections to be recognized. A 2-year survey of faecal adenoviruses in Newcastle upon Tyne showed that type 41 (strain 41a) was the predominant type and strain 41p was not recorded. Heterogeneity in strain 41a was also noted as found elsewhere. Adenovirus type 40 was common prior to 1985 but was absent during the last 2 years.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1987

Plasma-cell granuloma of the trachea.

A case of intratracheal plasma-cell granuloma is presented together with a review of the literature. The discussion includes the presentations of tracheal tumours, the pathology of this lesion and its variants, the clinical course and the treatment modalities that are available, and emphasizes a more conservative approach.

Female↗
PubMed1987

The use of the right gastro-epiploic artery in coronary artery bypass grafting.

Thirty consecutive patients with angina pectoris undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting using the proximally attached right gastro-epiploic artery are described. Posterior coronary arteries were grafted using the right gastro-epiploic artery, and grafts to the left coronary artery were done using predominantly internal mammary artery grafts. The right gastro-epiploic artery graft is mobilized along the greater curvature of the stomach, and transected distally. With cardiopulmonary bypass and blood cardioplegic arrest for myocardial preservation during cross-clamping of the aorta, the distal end of the artery is anastomosed end-to-side to the posterior descending artery or a postero-lateral branch, or to both, using a sequential technique. Twenty-five of the patients complained of symptoms suggestive of angina early postoperatively but are currently symptom-free with normal exercise tolerance. Thirteen patients had postoperative exercise tests: eight were normal, two were inconclusive, and three were abnormal. Nine grafted coronary arteries were re-angiogrammed, and seven were judged to be patent. It is concluded that, as an alternative resource, the right gastro-epiploic artery can be used to bypass coronary obstructions expeditiously and with results comparable to those obtained with the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cryptosporidium: an important cause of gastrointestinal disease in immunocompetent patients.

A twelve month survey was undertaken to determine the incidence of Cryptosporidium associated diarrhoeal disease in immunocompetent individuals in Taranaki. The parasite was detected in faecal samples from 54 (4.2%) of 1273 patients. The highest incidence (7.2%) occurred in those aged 1 to 15 years. All patients presented with a self limiting gastrointestinal illness. Of the 54 cases, 40 (74%) were diagnosed in the spring and early to mid-summer. Direct contact with farm animals was the probable source of infection in the majority of cases. It is recommended that clinical laboratories routinely screen faecal samples from patients with diarrhoea for this pathogen.

Adolescent↗