Biomedical subjects
M J Carroll
Publications and source records attributed to M J Carroll.
Facial fractures in children.
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Ibuprofen given pre- and post-operatively for the relief of pain.
155 patients undergoing surgical removal of lower third molars took part in a parallel group, randomised double-blind study to assess the analgesic effect of single pre-operative doses of ibuprofen (400 mg), codeine phosphate (30 mg), a combination of ibuprofen/codeine (400 mg/30 mg), placebo and post-operative single doses of the same combination or diflunisal (250 mg). Patients receiving the combination or ibuprofen pre-operatively took significantly longer between surgery completion and needing the post-operative study treatment than patients receiving codeine phosphate or placebo. At 1 1/2-2 h after post-operative administration, patients receiving the combination post-operatively reported significantly greater decreases in pain severity than those receiving diflunisal. Patients taking the combination post-operatively experienced significantly better pain relief than patients taking diflunisal at 1 and 2 h, but the reverse was true at 5 h. Side-effects reported were mild with no significant differences between the different treatment groups.
Obstructive nephropathy: comparison between parenchymal transit time index and frusemide diuresis.
Sixty-three patients presenting with the clinical problem of renal outflow disorder were studied using 99mTc DTPA. The techniques of frusemide diuresis and parenchymal transit time index analysis were compared and both shown to be successful in aiding the decision as to the presence or absence of significant outflow obstruction.
Radionuclide evaluation pre- and post-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal calculi.
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Observations on the energy and redox state and protein synthetic rate in animal and human placentas.
The energy and redox states of placentas in newly anesthetized or sacrificed guinea pigs and sheep were compared with that of human placentas immediately after delivery. Subsequently the effect of ischemia was observed in both human and animal placentas. The influence of perfusion, using a fluid containing oxygenated red cells (adult human) was studied in the human placenta. Adenine nucleotide precursors were added to the perfusion fluid in an attempt to improve the energy and redox states and the mixed protein synthetic rate of the tissue. The ATP and lactate concentrations in guinea pig placental tissue taken immediately after nembutal anesthesia were 1.16 and 3.59 mmol kg-1 wet weight respectively. One minute's ischemia caused a fall in ATP to 0.7 and a rise in lactate to 6.5 mmol kg-1. The concentration of ATP in human placental tissue, 30 secs to 3 minutes after delivery of the organ, was 0.52 and of lactate 4.8 mmol kg-1 wet weight, suggesting that some biochemical deterioration had already occurred. A further fall in ATP to 0.21 and rise in lactate to 6.4 mmol kg-1 wet weight took place during 20 mins of ischemia; thereafter the ATP level remained constant while the lactate continued to rise to 11 mmol kg-1 wet weight by 1 1/2 hours. The initial energy charge was similar in both animal and human placentas, 0.8-0.9, and was only reduced during prolonged hypoxia at 37 degrees C. Since the AMP did not rise to the same extent as in other tissues, it is suggested that the Atkinson equation used in the calculation of energy charge may not be applicable to the placenta, and that the most sensitive indication of deterioration in energy status is the swift fall in ATP concentration. Rapid establishment of maternal intervillous perfusion of an isolated lobule of the human placenta using ixygenated RBCS in the perfusion fluid, enabled the ATP and lactate levels to be maintained near to 'in vivo' values during one hour, with a protein turnover rate of 40% day-1, two thirds of that observed 'in vivo' in the sheep. The addition of 1.0-50 microM adenosine to the perfusion fluid improved the energy state of the tissue, but not its redox state nor protein synthetic rate. 1.5 microM inosine in the perfusion medium did not alter the energy state but caused a marked reduction in lactate production.
Routine procedures for examination of stool and blood for parasites.
The diagnosis of a parasitic infection depends upon demonstration of the organism in stool, blood, or tissue specimens, and a variety of relatively simple procedures is available for this purpose. In this article, the author describes those procedures that are most frequently used on a routine basis.
Type I and type II errors in clinical trials: the size of the problem.
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Improved glycemic control in C57Bl/KsJ (db/db) mice after treatment with the thermogenic beta-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL 26830.
BRL 26830, (R*,R*)-(+/-)-methyl-4-(2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]propyl)-benzoa te, is a new type of beta-adrenoceptor receptor agonist that combines antihyperglycemic and thermogenic properties. In C57Bl/KsJ db/db mice, treatment with BRL 26830 (50 mg of the hemifumarate salt/kg diet) decreased blood glucose concentration and normalized water intake. As judged by the normalization of polydipsia, BRL 26830 was effective within 2 days and the effect was maintained throughout a treatment period of up to 11 wk. Treatment of db/db mice with BRL 26830 resulted in an increase in both plasma and pancreatic insulin concentrations and a partial restoration of first-phase insulin secretion by the isolated, perfused pancreas in response to a high (16.7 mM) glucose pulse. Given acutely, BRL 26830 increased energy expenditure in both fed and fasted db/db mice. When given chronically, BRL 26830 increased significantly the dietary and thermoregulatory component of metabolic rate. It is suggested that the antidiabetic and thermogenic properties of BRL 26830 are linked and that blood glucose acts either directly or indirectly as a substrate for thermogenesis.
Manpower imbalance in oral surgery.
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Facial fractures--the results of a prospective four-year-study.
A prospective four-year-study of 945 fractures of the facial skeleton is presented. Details of facial trauma were collected in patients referred from the Bradford and Airedale Districts of West Yorkshire, England, an area with a population slightly in excess of half a million. Statistical analysis shows variations from previously published papers, the male to female ratio being under 2.6:1, with an average of 1.15 fractures per patient. A relatively high incidence of sports fractures is reported but the number of industrial accidents is surprisingly low. The majority of patients seen were in their third decade, the mean age being just over 25 years. The analysis also reveals that a high percentage of fractures were treated conservatively.
The toxicity of tritium: the effects of tritiated amino-acids on preimplanted mouse embryos.
The effects of tritiated amino-acids, arginine, lysine, histidine and aspartic acid on the growth and development of two-cell mouse embryos, cultured in vitro, were investigated. The LD50 for the dibasic amino acids, measured on the third day of growth, ranged from 30 to 130 nCi/ml. This was compared with the DNA precursor, thymidine, for which the LD50 was 80 nCi/ml.
Comparison of 99Tcm-MDP static and dynamic methods of obstructive nephropathy detection using transit times analysis as a reference: a pilot study.
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Effects of novel beta-adrenoceptor agonists on carbohydrate metabolism: relevance for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
BRL 26830A, (R*, R*)-(+/-)-methyl 4-[2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl) amino] propyl]-benzoate, (E)-2-butenedioate (2:1) salt, is a new antihyperglycemic agent orally active in obese-hyperglycemic animal models. In C57Bl/6 ob/ob mice, BRL 26830A (1 mg/kg) given daily for periods of 14 d-6 weeks produced a marked improvement in glucose tolerance and a reduction in the fasting plasma insulin concentration. Adipocytes prepared from treated mice showed improved insulin responsiveness. In Zucker fa/fa rats, treatment with BRL 26830A (2.9 mg/kg/d for 23 d) produced improvements in both glucose tolerance and whole animal insulin sensitivity, as assessed by rate of fall of blood glucose in response to an intravenous dose of insulin. In C57Bl/KSJ db/db mice, BRL 26830A (admixed with food at 50 mg/kg diet) decreased blood glucose to values similar to those in lean mice. At the end of a 10-week treatment, BRL 26830A-treated mice had a higher plasma and pancreatic insulin content than the untreated db/db mice. In normoglycaemic rats and mice, BRL 26830A increases the plasma insulin concentration and increases glucose disposal. However, in most circumstances, there is a counteracting increase in endogenous glucose synthesis and, therefore, no change in blood glucose occurs. Improvements in glucose tolerance occur in 24-h fasted rats and mice. BRL 26830A has thermogenic activity and it is suggested that this might be linked to increased glucose utilization. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) of C57Bl/KSJ db/db mice has a reduced maximum glycolytic capacity relative to lean littermates. Treatment with BRL 26830A increased the glycolytic capacity 10-fold.
Ovarian cancer: diagnosis using 123I monoclonal antibody in comparison with surgical findings.
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For a safer environment, turn your security department inside-out.
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Windscreen injuries and seat belts.
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