Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M J Bello.
We present a case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with severe hypodiploidy (38 chromosomes), complex karyotype, and one double minute chromosome. These unusual chromosome findings could be related to the rapid course of the patient's disease.
Two fertile women, mother and daughter, both presenting sex chromosomal mosaicism (45,X/46,XX/47,XXX and 45,X/46,Xr(X] are reported. The mechanisms through which a Turner women can eventually be fertile are discussed.
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Chromosome studies were performed on a human glioma cell line. Nineteen passages were studied, and a heterogeneous chromosome complement with variable modal numbers was found. The main range varied from tetraploidy to triploidy. The presence of identical markers (9p-, 11p+, an increase in the copies of chromosome No. 7) in different passages suggests a clonal evolution.
The cytogenetic findings based on G- and C-banding in two human brain tumors (a meningioma and an astrocytoma) are reported. Both tumors were characterized by hypodiploid modal numbers (45 and 40 chromosomes, respectively), chromosome 22 abnormalities, and the presence of several markers. This observation supports the hypothesis of the association of No. 22 chromosome abnormalities with tumors of the brain.
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A cytogenetic study was made in 17 human brain tumors (12 astrocytomas, 4 meningiomas and 1 ependymoma) to know the value of in vitro tissue culture procedures for the chromosomal analysis of said neoplasms. The obtained data were compared with the observation of direct samples of the same tumors in order to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells proliferating in vitro. It was shown the validity of the tissue culture technique for the cytogenetic analysis of brain tumors. The most frequent abnormality was hypodiploidy with involvement of number 22 chromosome. Some ependymomas had a triploid set of chromosomes. Gliomas showed abnormalities involving mainly number 1, 2, 7, 11 and 22 chromosomes.
Chromosome examination was made in direct samples of ascitic and pleural effusions from 58 patients; 10 of them were also studied after being cultured in vitro. Diagnostic cytogenetic analysis allowed a correct diagnosis of malignancy in 91 per 100 of the cases, higher than the 73.4 per 100 obtained in the same series by diagnostic cytology. There was a great variability in the chromosomes number of malignant tumors, without any correlation with tumor type.
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Authors report cytogenetic findings in 34 alive newborns presenting congenital malformations in the first week (Group A). These findings have been tested with Group B (100 malformated children up to 12 years old) and Group C (1,000 hospital patients of any age). Chromosomic anomalies in 44, 22 and 15% of the groups respectively are found. Performance of kariotype in any newborn with congenital malformations for detection of chromosomic aberrations or familial translocations in disbalance is needed.
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A two-point model has been developed that uses actual predialysis (C0) and postdialysis (C1) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values, and calculates the third value (C2) by forcing a solution for urea generation (Gurea) and urea volume of distribution (Vurea) that results in a predialysis BUN value a week later (C7) similar to C0. This two-point model was evaluated in 64 patients (mean age: 59 +/- 17 years) undergoing thrice weekly chronic hemodialysis, with mean predialysis (C0) and postdialysis (C1) midweek BUN values of 70 +/- 16 and 28 +/- 10 mg/dl, respectively. Compared to the standard three-point, single pool, variable volume standard, the two-point model accurately predicted Kt/V (1.08 +/- 0.22 versus 1.08 +/- 0.23, respectively) and Vurea (48.1 +/- 14.1 versus 48.1 +/- 13.9 L, respectively). The model also approximated C2 concentrations within an 11% range (66 +/- 20 versus 69 +/- 16 mg/dl for modeled and actual, respectively; p = 0.007) that allowed useful estimates of Gurea (6.64 +/- 1.87 versus 6.71 +/- 2.47 g/min for model and actual, respectively) and normalized protein catabolic rate (0.94 +/- 0.19 versus 0.94 +/- 0.26 for modeled and actual, respectively; p = ns). It is concluded that the two-point model described may be used for calculation of Kt/V and normalized protein catabolic rate in the clinical setting when a third BUN value is not available.
INTRODUCTION: The influence of surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy on the outcome on the results in patients with malignant gliomas is controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 44 patients (26, women; 18 men; age 38 72 years) diagnosed with grades III and IV astrocytoma who had been operated and then received adjuvant radiotherapy and either BCNU or temozolamyde chemotherapy. Survival time and adverse effects of the chemotherapy were analysed. CONCLUSION: Aggressive surgery associated with radiotherapy and temozolamyde chemotherapy prolonged survival in our patients with malignant astrocytomas.