Interference by acetazolamide in theophylline assay depends on the method.
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Acetazolamide↗
Biomedical subjects
M J Ball
Publications and source records attributed to M J Ball.
Use of a lipid containing medium chain triglycerides in patients receiving TPN: a randomized prospective trial.
Lipid emulsions which contain long chain triglycerides (LCTs) provide a valuable energy source for patients requiring total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We have investigated the use of a new lipid emulsion containing both long and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) in a randomized prospective trial. Sixty patients received TPN including 500 ml of either 20 per cent Lipofundin S (LCT) or Lipofundin 10 per cent MCT/10 per cent LCT for at least 6 days. Patients with renal or hepatic impairment, or major trauma, were excluded from the study. The MCT/LCT emulsion was found to be as safe and as effective a source of calories as LCT but the differences in metabolic parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients. A lipid emulsion containing MCTs may have important advantages for seriously ill patients, but appears to have no obvious advantages for the majority of patients receiving TPN who are not severely stressed.
Adult↗
Hemlock water dropwort poisoning.
Severe plant poisoning is relatively uncommon in adults. We report two adults who ingested hemlock water dropwort roots, having mistaken them for wild parsnip. One developed prolonged convulsions, severe metabolic acidosis and respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation. The toxin--oenanthotoxin--was detected in the gastric aspirate and measured by high performance liquid chromatography.
Adult↗
Effect of two disinfectant treatments on laboratory analyses.
Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the retrovirus associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), can be achieved both by heating at 56 degrees C and by chemical disinfection with beta-propiolactone (BPL). Such treatment of specimens from patients with suspected AIDS or antibodies to HIV could reduce any occupational risk to laboratory staff. This study demonstrates the effects of these treatments on laboratory analyses. Heat treatment of plasma caused clinically insignificant alteration in the results of electrolyte, urea, creatinine, albumin and glucose concentration, but significant alteration to total protein estimation and the activities of many enzymes. Haemolysis and cell agglutination occurred in many specimens of whole blood, making them unsuitable for haematological analyses. BPL caused less reduction of enzyme activities, and assay of many analytes, including electrolytes, plasma proteins, haemoglobin, white cell and platelet counts, was not significantly affected.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Voice mail.
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Computer Communication Networks↗
Information management in academic health centers.
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Academic Medical Centers↗
Detection of herpes virus genome in Alzheimer's disease by in situ hybridization: a preliminary study.
The hypothesis that the limbic predilection for the histopathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease may be due to reactivation of Herpes simplex virus from the trigeminal ganglia is being tested by in situ hybridization, utilizing post mortem tissues harvested in a longitudinal study of this organic dementia. Techniques demonstrating Herpes virus DNA with sensitivity in the subgenomous range have already shown that this common viral agent resides in latent form within the Gasserian neurones of aged individuals. The possibility that such material when reactivated could travel via trigeminal branches to the medial temporal lobe of the human brain is under investigation.
Aged↗
The aetiology of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
There are a number of important risk factors in the development atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. This article considers the pathophysiology, the individual risk factors and the possible mechanism by which they exact an effect.
Arteriosclerosis↗
Effect of beta-propiolactone--an inhibitor of HTLV III/LAV activity--on immunological analyses.
beta-Propiolactone (BPL) inactivates LAV/HTLV III, the retrovirus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Addition to specimens from patients with suspected AIDS or antibodies to LAV/HTLV III could reduce any occupational risk to laboratory staff. This study demonstrates that BPL treatment does not significantly affect the immunological analyses commonly required on these patients, namely measurements of serum immunoglobulins, complement components C3 and C4 and other serum proteins, detection of autoantibodies and estimations of T lymphocyte subpopulations.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Herpesvirus in the hippocampus as a cause of Alzheimer's disease.
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Alzheimer Disease↗
Treatment of parotid gland tumours by conservative parotidectomy.
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Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
Acipimox in the treatment of patients with hyperlipidaemia: a double blind trial.
Fifty-two patients with Fredrickson Type IIb or Type IV hyperlipidaemia, in whom diet had not achieved satisfactory lipid levels, completed a double blind randomised study of acipimox versus placebo. The patients were given acipimox, 250 mg three times daily or placebo for a three month period, and plasma lipids and glucose were monitored. The patients receiving acipimox showed a fall in the mean concentration of plasma triglyceride compared to placebo (0.74 mmol/l) and this was most marked in patients whose initial plasma triglyceride levels were greater than 3 mmol/l (1.0 mmol/l, confidence limits 0.18, 1.82). Acipimox was well tolerated, and could be a useful addition to the drugs available for the treatment of patients with hypertriglyceridaemia.
Adult↗
HLA and IgA deficiency in blood donors.
We have identified 67 IgA deficient healthy blood donors in our region by systematic screening of 24,782 blood samples. HLA typing results on 36 of these donors indicated a significant association with both HLA-A1 and HLA-B14 antigens. The frequency of A29 and B8 antigens was also increased. However, B8 association may be secondarily involved due to linkage disequilibrium (e.g., A1-B8-DR3). The frequency of HLA-A1 and HLA-B8 antigens was increased in the group of IgA deficient donors who developed anti-IgA antibodies (53.9%) compared to those who did not (26.1%). Although the sample size appears to be too small to show a statistical significance (chi 2 = 2.76, 0.05 less than p less than 0.1), this is the first report to imply a possible HLA association with anti-IgA antibody formation by IgA deficient healthy individuals.
Agammaglobulinemia↗
Speculations on the role of transmissible agents in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Unconventional agents and conventional viruses provide model systems to investigate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The essay which follows examines the hypothetical role of herpes simplex in AD and presents some generally applicable experimental approaches to detecting genes in brain tissues. The concluding section, on parallels between AD and diseases of the brain caused by unconventional viruses, defines strategies for isolating genes related to pathology.
Aged↗
Challenges and opportunities of clinicopathological investigation in longitudinal studies of Alzheimer's disease.
After organizational involvement in a clinicopathological investigation of Alzheimer's Disease for a decade, the present appears an appropriate time to reflect upon both the major challenges encountered as well as the exciting opportunities presented by such a longitudinal study. Problematic areas have included: brevity of research grant intervals (generally one- or two-year); turnover of support personnel, as a consequence; limited biostatistical and data management expertise dedicated to the Study objectives; limited neuropsychological manpower in this specialized sphere; "distillate" effect of postmortem retrieval, by which only some of the many clinical cases expire during any grant period, only some of those receive autopsy permission, only some of those demonstrate (pure) Alzheimer's Disease neuropathologically, and only some are harvested quickly enough for specialized (e.g. biochemical) analyses; ensuring the scientific optimization of available tissue samples; and paucity of cases dying in the early stages of the illness. Significant achievements include: demonstration of the opportunities for young researchers committed to careers in behavioral neurology, psychogeriatrics or neurodegenerative pathology; development of improved testing protocols for psychometric, electroencephalographic and neuroradiological evaluation of the demented elderly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alzheimer Disease↗
The correlation of vascular capacity with the parenchymal lesions of Alzheimer's disease.
Hippocampal capillary and arteriolar measurements showed a significant reduction in capacity with normal aging. Alzheimer's dementia was not associated with any further reduction; in fact regional variations suggested that the zones of Ammon's horn most severely affected by tangles and granulovacuoles retained the best vascular capacity. The arterial system supplying the hippocampus, from the posterior cerebral artery to the series of small hippocampal arteries, was also assessed. Its capacity, as judged by arterial diameters, was similarly found to decrease significantly with age; the arterial diameters of Alzheimer cases were (insignificantly) greater than those of the normal old. Calcarine capillary and arteriolar measurements also indicated a marked reduction of capacity with normal aging, and, as before, in Alzheimer's dementia there was no further significant change. All three phases of the study thus suggest that cerebrovascular capacity in Alzheimer's dementia is at least as good as in the normal old, if not better. Senile (neuritic) plaques with amyloid cores and their relationship to the microvasculature were examined in the calcarine cortex. In both normal old and Alzheimer cases the plaques tended to congregate where capillaries were densest. Their correlation with capillary density was however better in the normal old, raising the question of whether their pathogenesis might differ in the two conditions.
Adult↗
Muscarinic binding and choline acetyltransferase in postmortem brains of demented patients.
Postmortem human brain samples were taken from non-neurological controls as well as demented subjects who died with Alzheimer's disease (AD), multi-infarct dementia (MID), or a combination of AD and MID dementia (MIXED). Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was measured radiometrically using [1-14C]acetyl-coenzyme A as the substrate, muscarinic binding was assayed with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, and the proportion of binding associated with high affinity agonist sites was measured by carbamylcholine displacement of the radioligand. Relative to control, ChAT activity was significantly reduced (p less than or equal to 0.01) in samples taken from the temporal, frontal, and hippocampal areas of demented patients. A small elevation in Bmax was noted in the hippocampal endplate (p less than or equal to 0.01) (AD vs. control) and the H1-subiculum region (p less than or equal to 0.05) (AD vs. all other groups). In addition, the percentage of binding associated with high affinity agonist sites was greater in the frontal cortex of AD and MID samples (p less than or equal to 0.05). The results suggest a regionally specific upregulation of cerebral muscarinic receptors in dementia, especially in AD.
Aged↗
Intravenous feeding with medium chain triglycerides. Effect on blood gases and the complement system in critically ill patients.
Critically ill patients are usually in a catabolic state and may require total parenteral nutrition; this often includes lipid emulsions. Any adverse effects of constituents on pulmonary function, white cell function or the haemocoagulation system could have disastrous consequences in such patients. We have investigated the effects of a new intravenous lipid preparation containing medium chain triglycerides, which, in severely ill malnourished patients are theoretically a preferable energy source to conventional drug chain triglycerides. In a pilot study 17 critically ill patients whose lungs were artificially ventilated were given this lipid emulsion; no adverse effects were observed. Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, ratio of inspired oxygen fractional concentration to arterial oxygen tension, platelet and white cell counts all remained constant and the complement system was not activated.
Adolescent↗