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Biomedical subjects

M J Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to M J Bailey.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Production of murine monoclonal antibodies to the major axial filament polypeptide of Treponema pallidum.

A suitable immunization protocol for the stimulation of a murine antibody response to the axial filament polypeptides of Treponema pallidum was established. A range of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific for different epitopes of the major axial filament polypeptide (37 kDa) was generated which demonstrated diversity in their ability to react with other treponemal species. Immunogold electron microscopy located the 37 kDa antigen on the surface of the axial filament structure. The early appearance of specific antibody to this polypeptide in infected man and rabbit indicates that such Mabs are potentially useful for the diagnosis of early syphilis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Surface properties of Treponema pallidum in relation to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro.

Surface charge and hydrophobicity of Treponema pallidum have been investigated in relation to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in vitro. The treponemal surface was relatively hydrophobic and negatively charged but despite these properties, phagocytosis, as assessed by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, was minimal in the absence of serum. Preopsonization of bacteria with serum reduced surface hydrophobicity but promoted phagocytosis, suggesting that specific immune mechanisms may be more important in controlling phagocytosis of T. pallidum in vitro than non-specific surface properties. T. pallidum evoked a much weaker chemiluminescence response from PMNs than the non-pathogenic treponeme Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiterii even though similar numbers of bacteria were phagocytosed, suggesting differences in the reactivity of the surface components of the two organisms toward PMNs. The reactivity of T. pallidum towards PMNs could be increased by removal of the bacterial outer membrane by Triton X-100 treatment. These observations reinforce the suggestion that the outer surface of T. pallidum is inherently inert.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1986

Combination of percutaneous surgery and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for the treatment of large renal calculi.

Open surgery for large or complex renal calculi may be difficult, particularly in patients with recurrent stones, and may require special operative techniques to preserve renal function. With the advent of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) new approaches are now available for the treatment of these difficult cases. A review of 67 patients who presented between November 1984 and May 1986 has shown that it was possible to clear large stones in 71% of patients using a combination of PCNL and ESWL. There was no mortality; the morbidity for both procedures was low and was less than when either procedure was used alone for the treatment of complex stones.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Metastatic deposits from a previously treated carcinoma of the lung presenting as a renal cell carcinoma.

Two patients are presented who had each previously undergone resection of a primary lung carcinoma. They later developed the classical triad of loin pain, haematuria and an abdominal mass suggestive of a primary renal tumour. Investigations, including intravenous urography, ultrasound and renal arteriography, supported the diagnosis. However, at operation both patients had para-aortic lymph node metastases from the lung carcinoma surrounding the renal pedicle and invading the renal parenchyma. It is suggested that further investigations might allow pre-operative diagnosis and thus avoid the need for surgery in such patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

The outer membrane of Treponema pallidum: biological significance and biochemical properties.

Rabbits infected intravenously with Treponema pallidum were not markedly febrile, and the pyrogenicity of treponeme preparations administered intravenously to rabbits was negligible. The antibiotic polymyxin B did not induce any ultrastructural changes on the treponemal surface and was not lethal (immobilizing) for T. pallidum, which was, however, highly susceptible to detergents such as SDS. Extraction of treponemes with Triton X-100 removed the outer membrane (despite the presence of Mg2+) as shown by electron microscopy, and solubilized a limited number of proteins detectable by SDS-PAGE, including a dominant antigen (47 kDal) demonstrated by immunoblotting. None of the proteins were heat-modifiable. Periodic acid-silver staining of polyacrylamide gels for carbohydrate together with protease K digestion did not demonstrate major carbohydrate components in whole treponemes, or in the Triton-soluble fraction. Surface iodination of intact treponemes revealed very little surface exposure of treponemal proteins, although a protein which co-migrated with host albumin was labelled and appeared to be associated with the treponemal surface. Many treponemal proteins were, however, labelled when iodination was done in the presence of Triton. These observations, indicate that the outer membrane of T. pallidum differs significantly from those of many Gram-negative pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Surgery for Peyronie's disease. A review of 200 patients.

Approximately 10% of patients with Peyronie's disease require surgery for penile angulation or erectile failure severe enough to make coitus difficult or impossible. The results of three different operations performed on 200 patients over the period 1975 to 1984 have been reviewed. The results of plaque excision and dermal grafting in nine patients were disappointing and since 1977, Nesbit's procedure has been performed in 179 patients with excellent results in 53% and moderate results in 19%. Poor results (28%) were usually due to erectile failure and this was usually present pre-operatively. Such patients are better treated by the implantation of penile prostheses and excellent (8) or moderate (2) results were seen in 12 patients so treated. The number of patients with poor results after a Nesbit's procedure increased from 14% at 3 months to 28% at 36 months, but then remained fairly constant. Prolonged follow-up is therefore needed to allow valid conclusions about the ultimate outcome of surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The axial filament antigen of Treponema pallidum.

Axial filaments (flagella) of Treponema pallidum have been purified in large enough quantities to be analysed electrophoretically. They produced a characteristic linear precipitate in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed three major polypeptides, the most prominent having an apparent molecular weight of 37,000, about 1500 less than the corresponding component of axial filaments of the Reiter treponeme. A doublet of less abundant polypeptides of 33,500-34,000 MW also differed slightly from those of the Reiter treponeme. Western blot analysis showed that the principal polypeptide of the T. pallidum axial filament was strongly antigenic, and antibody to it was prominent in sera from hyperimmunized, as well as acutely infected (orchitic), rabbits, and in soluble fractions from acutely infected rabbit testes from which large numbers of viable treponemes had been extracted. This indicated that antibody to this component was ineffective in eliminating treponemes from the tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparative functional histopathology of human breast carcinoma xenografts.

A series of xenografts of human breast carcinomas has been established and serially transplanted in immune-suppressed mice. Certain structural and functional features of the original human tumours, including carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen, continue to be expressed by the resulting xenografts. Stromal responses such as elastosis and oestrogen-receptor activity were lost by the xenografts. No metastases were detected in tumour-bearing mice. This study suggests that xenografts may have some value in experimental pathology as one type of model of human breast carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Localization of human breast-carcinoma xenografts using antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.

Affinity-purified antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been injected into immune-suppressed mice bearing xenografts of human breast tumours. It has been shown that the antibodies localized in the tumours but not in normal tissues. The degree of tumour localization correlates with the amount of tumour CEA, and is unaffected by levels of circulating CEA or CEA/anti-CEA immune complexes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Physiological significance of benzo(alpha)pyrene adsorbed to carbon blacks: elution studies, AHH determinations.

Desorption of benzo(alpha)pyrene from commercial carbon blacks by tissue fluids in vitro is compared to arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in mice at three levels of carbon black exposure. Less than 0.005% of the adsorbed benzo(alpha)pyrene content determined by soxhlet extraction in toluene is eluted by human plasma, swine serum, swine lung homogenate and swine lung washings. Statistically significant differences in elution efficiency are observed by the various tissue fluids and carbon blacks. There is no detectable increase in AHH level in mouse lung or liver tissues even at the highest carbon black exposure and consumption rate of 1g/g bdywt/year.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1980

Bilateral carcinoma of the breast.

Among the 911 cases of carcinoma of the breast treated between 1969 and 1978 there were 39 cases of bilateral primary cancer. Of these, 17 were synchronous tumours defined as cancers diagnosed and treated during the same primary hospital admission. The remaining 22 patients had tumours that were diagnosed separately (metachronous tumours), with a mean time interval of 5 years and 8 months between presentation of first and second primaries (range 6 months to 20 years). Of the metachronous tumours, 20 had presented within 7 years of the diagnosis of the first primary (2.2 per cent of all patients). The patients with synchronous disease fared badly, but patients in the metachronous group had a good prognosis. This is due, at least in part, to the inherent selection of patients in the metachronous group who have to survive the first primary tumour in order to develop the second. However, careful follow-up after the first primary may also account for the relatively good prognosis of this group. We therefore recommend continuing regular out-patient follow-up, with careful examination of the second breast, for all patients having undergone treatment for cancer of the breast.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Human breast-cancer xenografts in immune-suppressed mice.

Eight serially transplantable human breast-cancer xenograft lines have been established in immune-suppressed mice. Specimens from 102 primary and secondary lesions obtained at surgery from 80 patients were implanted into mice immune-suppressed by thymectomy and whole-body irradiation. A number of variations of implantation site, transplantation technique, method of immune suppression and hormonal manipulation of the host were tried in an attempt to increase the take rate, but without success. The 8 lines established have been serially transplanted into further immune-suppressed mice for at least 2 passages, and appear to maintain characteristic human histopathology, chromosome number and tumour-marker production. None of the tumours show hormone sensitivity. The poor take rate may be a reflection of the biological nature of breast cancer rather than a failure of the immune-deprivation technique, as many other human tumours grow well as xenografts in this system.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Chemotherapy of human breast-carcinoma xenografts.

Five lines of human breast-carcinoma xenografts have been tested for sensitivity to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, vincristine and melphalan, alone and in combination, using tumour growth delay as an end-point. The xenograft lines were established and passaged in mice immune-suppressed by thymectomy and whole-body irradiation. There was a considerable range of sensitivity of the different lines to the agents studied, and within this variation there was evidence that the most effective single agent or combination differed for each tumour. Combination chemotherapy was more effective than single agents in 3 of the lines, but melphalan was more effective than either combination in the other 2. It is suggested that a panel of human breast tumours grown in immune-suppressed mice may prove useful in testing new cytotoxic agents for activity against breast cancer before their use in clinical trials, and that more effective combinations of existing drugs might be designed with the aid of this system.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Solvent extracts of carbon black--determination of total extractables and analysis for benzo(alpha)pyrene.

The efficiency of three organic solvents for extraction of adsorbates, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), on five rubber-grade oil furnace blacks was studied. Measurement of both the percent total extractables and the specific PAH, benzo(alpha)pyrene (B alpha P), showed toluene to be a better extractant than benzene and both to be superior to cyclohexane. Spectral analysis for B alpha P was preceded by chromatographic separation. A thin layer technique was shown to be a rapid and reliable replacement for paper chromatography.

Benzopyrenes↗
PubMed1979

Preoperative haemoglobin as predictor of outcome of diabetic amputations.

Simple factors which may serve as predictors of the success or failure of amputations in the feet were examined in 59 consecutive diabetics. Age, sex, method of diabetic control, smoling, presence of neuropathy or peripheral pulses, preoperative blood-urea, and temperature did not correlate with success of amuptations. The average preoperative white-cell count and blood-sugar were higher in the failure group (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively), but there was considerable overlap between the groups. By contrast, the preoperative haemoglobin level was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in patients whose amputations healed than in those with failure of healing, both at the digital and metatarsal or transmetatarsal levels; also, there was very little overlap in haemoglobin levels between the success and failure groups. All 18 amputations done in patients with a preoperative haemoglobin less than 12.0 g/dl were successful, whilst all 30 amputations in those with a preoperative level greater than 13.0 g/dl failed.

Aged↗