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Biomedical subjects

M J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to M J Anderson.

191 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
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Studies of human physique and sexual attractiveness: sexual preferences of men and women in China.

Men and women at Northwest University (n = 631), Xi'an, China, were asked to rate the attractiveness of male or female figures manipulated to vary somatotype, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), secondary sexual traits, and other features. In study 1, women rated the average masculine somatotype as most attractive, followed by the mesomorphic (muscular), ectomorphic (slim), and endomorphic (heavily built) somatotypes, in descending order of preference. In study 2, the amount and distribution of masculine trunk (chest and abdominal) hair were altered progressively in a series of front-posed figures. Women rated figures with no or little trunk hair as most attractive. Study 3 assessed the attractiveness of front-posed male figures which varied only in length of their nonerect penis. Numerical ratings for this trait were low, but moderate lengthening of the penis (22% or 33% above average) resulted in a significant increase in scores for attractiveness. In study 4, Chinese men rated the attractiveness of back-posed female images varying in waist-to-hip ratio (WHR from 0.5-1.0). The 0.6 WHR figure was most preferred, followed by 0.7, while figures with higher ratios (0.9 or 1.0) were significantly less attractive. Study 5 rated the attractiveness of female skin color: men expressed a marked preference for images which were lighter in color, as compared to images of average or darker skin colors. These results, the first of their kind reported for a Chinese population, support the view that sexual selection has influenced the evolution of human physique and sexual attractiveness in men and women.

Asian People↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The colonoscope in cecal volvulus: report of three cases.

Colonoscopy was employed to attempt detorsion of volvulus of the right colon in four patients considered to be high-risk surgical patients. In one patient detorsion was accomplished, so that emergency laparotomy became unneccesary. The site of torsion was reached in every patient. When detorsion does not occur reasonably soon after the colonoscope enters the right colon, persistent efforts are more likely to be harmful than helpful. Abdominal symptoms in a patient who has been ill or injured for some time should suggest the possibility of volvulus of the right colon. Early diagnosis and earlier employment of colonoscopy would almost surely result in an increased rate of success in accomplishing detorsion. When detorsion is accomplished, subsequent resection of the right colon should be seriously considered as, without it, volvulus is said to recur frequently.

Adult↗
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Source apportionment of exposure to toxic volatile organic compounds using positive matrix factorization.

Data from the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology studies, conducted from 1980 to 1987 in New Jersey (NJ) and California (CA), and the 1990 California Indoor Exposure study were analyzed using positive matrix factorization, a receptor-oriented source apportionment model. Personal exposure and outdoor concentrations of 14 and 17 toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were studied from the NJ and CA data, respectively. Analyzing both the personal exposure and outdoor concentrations made it possible to compare toxic VOCs in outdoor air and exposure resulting from personal activities. Regression analyses of the measured concentrations versus the factor scores were performed to determine the relative contribution of each factor to total exposure concentrations. Activity patterns of the NJ and CA participants were examined to determine whether reported exposures to specific sources correspond to higher estimated contributions from the factor identified with that source. For a subset of VOCs, a preliminary analysis to determine irritancy-based contributions of factors to exposures was carried out. Major source types of toxic VOCs in both NJ and CA appear to be aromatic sources resembling automobile exhaust, gasoline vapor, or environmental tobacco smoke for personal exposures, and automobile exhaust or gasoline vapors for outdoor concentrations.

Activities of Daily Living↗
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Recreational patterns, body composition and socioeconomic status of Western Australian secondary school students.

A study of 4672 secondary school students was carried out in order to assess the relationship between body composition, recreational patterns, and socioeconomic status as indicated by parental occupation and the school attended. Results indicated that there were more girls than boys participating in organized sport, and health and fitness activities; and more boys than girls involved in informal recreational activities and home-based passive pursuits. A higher proportion of participants came from the higher socioeconomic status (SES) group. More high-SES students revealed weight appropriate to their height.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical and toxicopathic biomarkers assessed in smallmouth bass recovered from a polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated river.

Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were collected to quantify the nature and prevalence of biomarker responses, including biochemical indices, toxicopathic lesions and general health indices, among fish collected from polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated and nearby uncontaminated reaches of the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, USA. Blood and tissue samples (gill, liver, spleen, head kidney, trunk kidney, thyroid and gonads) were collected and preserved at necropsy for biochemical and histological analyses. The body condition factor and liver somatic index were significantly lower in fish collected from the downstream, contaminated site. Plasma vitellogenin was not detected in male fish collected from either site. Liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and liver and spleen superoxide dismutase activity were significantly depressed in fish collected from the downstream site. Significant toxicopathic lesions such as glycogen depletion, enhanced macrophage aggregates, hepatic foci of cellular alteration (i.e. preneoplastic lesions) and neoplasia were also detected in the liver of fish collected from the downstream site. This study indicates that many of the biochemical and histopathological biomarker responses were associated with liver and body tissue PCB concentrations. Taken together, the biomarkers of exposure and effect strongly suggest that fish within the downstream site are adversely affected by PCBs and other chemical stressors.

Animals↗
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Cell mediated immunity in experimental influenza and parainfluenza infection.

Cell mediated immunity (CMI) to Sendai and Kunz viruses, determined by a 51Cr release assay of cytotoxicity, has been shown to develop during the course of these infections. This virus specific response is mediated by sensitised T cells, and takes place against a background of innate cell mediated immunity. The mediator of this innate cytotoxicity exhibits none of the characteristics of T, B or K cells, but bears close resemblance to the NK cell which is spontaneously cytotoxic for certain tumour cells. Removal of the virus specific CMI by T cell depletion produces a moderate immunosuppressive effect. The nature of this effect and the role of CMI in these infections are discussed.

Animals↗