Biomedical subjects

M Iwata

Publications and source records attributed to M Iwata.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

A monoclonal antibody raised to lipomodulin recognizes T suppressor factors in two independent hapten-specific suppressor networks.

Five different Ag-binding suppressor factors from two types of hapten-specific Ts cell hybridomas (TsF1 inducer and TsF3 effector factors) were bound by an anti-lipomodulin mAb (141-B9), that crossreacts with rodent glycosylation inhibition factor (GIF). The Ag-specific suppressor activity in these hybridoma supernatants was bound by anti-lipomodulin columns and could be recovered by elution at acid pH. Additional evidence for the expression of lipomodulin/GIF activity on these TsF molecules was demonstrated by the ability of the eluted fractions to inhibit the glycosylation of IgE-binding peptides during their biosynthesis. The same biologic activity is associated with GIF and lipomodulin. The relationship between TsF and lipomodulin/GIF was confirmed in a serologic assay, which showed that TsF1 and TsF3 molecules, whether purified over Ag, anti-IJ or anti-TsF columns, are recognized by the mAb. 141-B9. The combined results indicate that Ag-binding Ts factors share a common antigenic determinant with phospholipase inhibitory proteins such as lipomodulin and GIF. In addition, the demonstration of glycosylation regulatory activity carried on these TsF molecules suggests a possible mode for their bioactivity.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the intramedullary abnormal vessels.

We report a case of spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in which detailed morphological examination of the intramedullary vascular lesion was carried out employing serial section studies. The relationship of the malformation to parenchymal lesions was evaluated. An abnormal vessel at the spinomedullary transition, whose lamina elastica was partially interrupted, was suggestive of a shunt vessel. The location of the intramedullary abnormal vessels and foci of softening of the spinal cord almost overlapped in distribution. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the intramedullary abnormal vessels demonstrated marked elongation and tortuosity of the original vascular architecture and they ended in the extramedullary abnormal vessels with thickened wall. Thus, our study showed that the intramedullary abnormal vessels were the result of secondary changes subsequent to pressure and volume overload inflicted upon the spinal venous system through AVM. Compression by tortuous elongation of the intramedullary vessels is the apparent cause of the parenchymal softening. A traumatic factor in the aetiology of the AVM was also discussed, since the patient had had two preceding episodes of traffic accidents with cranial and lumbar injury. Trauma seemed to be significant factor as a trigger of symptoms.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Effects of hemicholinium-3 and sodium ions on choline uptake system in excised superior cervical sympathetic ganglia of rats.

Active choline uptake by rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG), which contain abundant cholinergic nerve terminals, was studied with respect to sensitivity to inhibition by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and dependence on extracellular Na under standard conditions of assay. Choline was taken up by a single saturable process with apparent Km = 3.07 x 10(-5) M and Vmax = 286 pmoles/min/mg protein. Neither denervation followed by degeneration of cholinergic nerve terminals nor axotomy with successive neuronal degeneration significantly decreased in choline uptake by the ganglia in vitro. HC-3 dose-dependently inhibited ganglionic choline uptake more effectively at lower than at higher choline concentrations. HC-3 sensitive inhibition of ganglionic choline uptake was not seen in young rats one week after birth but appeared with maturity, attaining approximately 50% maximal inhibition in adult SCG. Extent of inhibition by HC-3 and Na dependence of ganglionic choline uptake was not altered by denervation or axotomy.

Aging↗

PubMed1989

The expression of embryonic primary mesenchyme genes of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, in the adult skeletogenic tissues of this and other species of echinoderms.

Adult tissues of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were analyzed for the products of a set of genes whose expression, in the embryo, is restricted to the skeletogenic primary mesenchyme (PM). Three embryonic PM-specific mRNAs were found to be abundant in adult skeletal tissues (test and lantern), but not in a variety of soft tissues. Homologous mRNAs were also found in skeletal tissues of the congeneric sea urchin, S. droebachiensis, as well as a more distantly related echinoid, Dendraster excentricus, and an asteroid, Evasterias troschellii. The distributions of two of these RNAs were analyzed in regenerating spines of adult S. purpuratus using in situ hybridization. These gene products were localized primarily in the calcoblasts that accumulated at the regeneration site. In nonregenerating spines SpLM 18 RNAs, the most abundant of these gene products, were localized in a small population of noncalcoblast cells scattered through the spine shaft, and were absent from calcoblasts. These observations suggest that a program of gene expression associated with the process of calcification is conserved both developmentally through the period of metamorphosis and evolutionarily among the echinoderms.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Effect of phospholipase A2 inhibitors on mouse T lymphocytes. I. Phospholipase A2 inhibitors exert similar immunological activities as glycosylation inhibiting factor.

Since our previous experiments suggested that glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) is a phosphorylated derivative of a phospholipase inhibitory protein, we determined whether other well-known phospholipase inhibitors may have similar biological activities. The results showed that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors, such as recombinant human lipocortin I and ONO-RS-082, could switch T cell hybridoma 12H5 cells from the formation of glycosylated IgE-binding factors (IgE-BF) to the formation of unglycosylated IgE-BF, whereas neomycin, a phospholipase C inhibitor, failed to affect the nature of IgE-BF formed by the cells. The minimum concentrations of lipocortin I and ONO-RS-082 required for switching the 12H5 cells to the formation of unglycosylated IgE-BF were comparable to or less than IC50 of the inhibitors for PLA2. The ability of partially purified GIF to switch the 12H5 cells to the formation of unglycosylated IgE-BF was markedly enhanced by treatment of the preparation with alkaline phosphatase. It was also found that lipocortin I and ONO-RS-082, but not neomycin, facilitated the generation of GIF-producing T cells. When spleen cells of ovalbumin (OVA)-primed BDF1 mice were stimulated with homologous antigen and the activated T cells were propagated by recombinant IL-2 in the presence of GIF, lipocortin I, or ONO-RS-082, T cells obtained in the cultures constitutively produced their own GIF. Antigenic stimulation of the T cells induced the formation of unglycosylated IgE-BF and GIF with an affinity for OVA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminobenzoates↗

PubMed1989

Pemphigus vegetans presenting as scrotal tongue.

A case of scrotal tongue is described. Histological and immunofluorescent findings revealed that this case was pemphigus vegetans, which should therefore be added to the differential diagnosis of scrotal tongue.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1989

Second interim report of the nation-wide collaborative study on the long-term effects of bromocriptine in the treatment of parkinsonian patients.

The interim data obtained up to the end of the 2nd year of the nation-wide multicentric cooperative study on the long-term effects of bromocriptine in parkinsonian patients revealed the following results. Firstly, the bromocriptine monotherapy could be continued in about 40% of the patients at the mean maintenance dose of 10.8 mg daily. Secondly, the additional use of bromocriptine in parkinsonian patients already treated with levodopa had a favorable influence on late side effects of levodopa such as on-off phenomenon and dyskinesia. No significant difference has been found so far as to the management of the wearing-off phenomenon between the patients with levodopa alone and those with levodopa and bromocriptine.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Effect of azelastine, an antiasthmatic drug, on bronchial responsiveness in patients with bronchial asthma.

This study was designed to clarify whether azelastine, an antiasthmatic drug, could favorably alter bronchial responsiveness in patients with bronchial asthma. To estimate bronchial responsiveness, methacholine challenge was performed in 21 patients with bronchial asthma. After the first examination, all patients were treated for eight weeks with azelastine, 2 mg twice daily. After four and eight weeks' treatment, methacholine challenge was repeated. After eight weeks' treatment, Dmin, an index of bronchial sensitivity, was increased significantly, and after four weeks an insignificant increase was observed. The RrsC, SGrs/GrsC, indices of respiratory resistance and bronchial reactivity, respectively, did not change significantly during eight weeks' treatment. Recently various chemical transmitters, especially leukotrienes, were shown to be closely related to the genesis of bronchial asthma. Accordingly, the effect of azelastine observed here might be ascribed to its antagonizing action on leukotriene. Since bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a critical etiologic factor in bronchial asthma, long-term administration of azelastine might help to modify the disease's basic pathophysiologic conditions.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease].

The lymphocyte subsets and the interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (V.K.H.) were studied. In PBL, increased percentages of CD4+ T cells and decreased percentages of CD8+ T cells, which lead to high CD4/CD8 ratio were observed. In the CD4+ T cells the percentage of CD4+ 2H4+ T cells and CD4+ DR+ T cells increased. PBL from 3 out of 9 cases with V.K.H. produced high amount of IL-2 in vitro after stimulation with PHA, indicating IL-2 might be related to the pathogenesis of V.K.H. The differences of the phenotypes of PBL and IL-2 production in vitro between the patients in the acute and prolonged stages were not demonstrated. These results suggest that CD4+ T cells, especially CD4+ 2H4+ T cells may play an important role in the pathological feature of V.K.H.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Effect of azelastine on bronchial hyperresponsiveness].

We have investigated the effect of azelastine on bronchial responsiveness in 25 asthmatics, using methacholine inhalation challenge, (Astograph). Three parameters, initial respiratory resistance (RrsC), bronchial sensitivity (Dmin), and bronchial reactivity (SGrs/GrsC) were studied. After 8 weeks' treatment with 2 mg azelastine b.i.d., Dmin was increased significantly and after 4 weeks an insignificant increase was observed. RrsC and SGrs/GrsC did not change significantly during the 8 week treatment. Recent advances have revealed that various chemical mediators, especially leukotrienes, are closely related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Accordingly, the improvement of Dmin observed during azelastine treatment might be ascribed to its inhibitory action on the synthesis and release of leukotrienes.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[A case of malignant pleural mesothelioma with infectious bronchogenic cyst].

A 47-year-old man was admitted with a cough on January 4, 1986. A chest X-ray film showed a mass shadow in the left lower lung, which was revealed to be a bronchogenic cyst by CT scanning and ultrasonography. Thoracotomy was performed on March 3, 1986 because cytologic tests on the fluid in the cyst suggested malignancy. A cyst, two tumors on the diaphragm and pleural thickening were revealed. Microscopic examination showed a benign bronchogenic cyst and a mixed-type malignant mesothelioma. In spite of chemotherapy (ADR, Cis-DPP, 5-fluorouracil) and immunotherapy (OK-432, PSK), the pleural thickening progressed, as was demonstrated by CT scanning and ultrasonography. Although cardiac tamponade due to invasion by the malignant mesothelioma developed, this was improved by cardiocentesis. The patient died of pneumonia on March 28, 1987. We studied the concentration of mineral fibers in lung and tumor tissues of this case by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyser because asbestos or non-asbestos inorganic fibers might cause malignant mesothelioma. This case of malignant pleural mesothelioma accompanied by a bronchogenic cyst is very rare.

Bronchogenic Cyst↗

PubMed1989

[Luminol-amplified chemiluminescence evaluation of the microbicidal property of alveolar macrophages in response to drugs].

The present study was designed to evaluate the validity of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) to evaluate the microbicidal properties of alveolar macrophages (AM) in response to drugs. It was observed that production of CL is associated with H2O2 as well as O2-, 1O2, .OH. Furthermore, our data revealed that CL is dependent not only upon the extracellular release of these oxygen radicals, but also upon intracellular metabolic events, which thus allows a complete analytical study in any given state. It should also be noted from our data that the effect of antibacterial agents on CL was greatly affected by the source of the target cells. The defect of amplified CL in AM obtained from young rabbits might be attributable to immaturity of AM.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[A case of adenomatoid mesothelioma of the pleura].

A case of adenomatoid mesothelioma of the pleura was presented. The patient was a 69-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. She was admitted to our hospital because of a chest roentgenographic abnormality, which was pointed out during her clinical course. Chest X-ray-film on admission revealed a semicircular lesion located in the left lower lung field. The physical examination and laboratory data showed no abnormalities. Left lower lobectomy was performed. The tumor was approximately, 3.0 x 3.0 x 3.0 cm, elastic soft, encapsulated, and originated from the pulmonary pleura. The histological findings of the tumor showed benign epithelial localized pleural mesothelioma. However histologically, the tumor tissue was not like the usual epithelial type. That is, most cells which had intracellular vacuoles, were similar to signet ring cell. The tumor was diagnosed as adenomatoid mesothelioma of the pleura.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical aspects of sarcoidosis with autoantibodies].

Among 64 sarcoidosis cases, 6 cases with autoantibodies or autoimmune disorders are described. All 6 cases were females over 40 years old, and made up 24% of the original 25 patients over 40 years old. Rheumatoid factor was observed in 2 cases, anti-DNA antibody in 4 cases and anti-microsomal antibody in 2 cases. Four cases of sarcoidosis were associated with ITP or Hashimoto's disease or rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of these autoantibodies or autoimmune diseases seemed to correlate with continued disease activity of sarcoidosis. The analysis of the clinical features of sarcoidosis with coexistent autoimmune diseases may clarify immunologic processes involved in the pathogenesis of both disorders and also provide clues to understanding the relatively poor clinical outcome of longstanding sarcoidosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[A case of auditory agnosia with the lesion of bilateral auditory radiation].

A 53-year-old man showed central auditory disturbance with recurrent cerebral hemorrhage. At his acute stage he had deafness and auditory anosognosia. Two or three months later, there was no deafness and auditory anosognosia, but he could not comprehend words, environmental sounds and music. Auditory brainstem responses showed no peripheral or brainstem damage, and the lesion of bilateral auditory radiation was detected by MRI. His auditory agnosia did not improve over one and a half year. There is no report like such permanent auditory agnosia with the lesion of bilateral subcortical temporal lobe.

Agnosia↗

PubMed1989

Preparation and evaluation of intragastric buoyant preparations.

The design and preparation of two drug formulations which float in gastric juice are described. One, a buoyant tablet, consisted of powdered soybean protein, drug and sodium bicarbonate. The other, a laminated film-type preparation, consisted of a drug film, an effervescing film containing sodium bicarbonate and outer drug release regulating films. Cinnarizine, an acid-soluble drug, was chosen as model drug, and carboxyvinyl polymer, ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose were used in the preparation of the films. Both formulations showed favorable buoyancy in an in vitro acidic dissolution test medium and also sustained release properties. In an absorption study using beagle dogs, cinnarizine was found in the blood even 24 hr after oral administration of the buoyant tablet or film-type preparation. Similar buoyant tablets containing barium sulfate were administered orally to a healthy volunteer, and it was confirmed by roentgenography that the tablets floated for almost three hours.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1988

Construction of antigen-specific suppressor T cell hybridomas from spleen cells of mice primed for the persistent IgE antibody formation.

Attempts were made to generate Ag-specific suppressor T cells from Ag-primed spleen cells by using glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF). BDF1 mice were primed with alum-absorbed OVA and their spleen cells were stimulated with OVA. Ag-activated T cells were then propagated in IL-2-containing conditioned medium. Incubation of the T cells with OVA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages resulted in the formation of IgE-potentiating factor and glycosylation-enhancing factor that has affinity for OVA, i.e., OVA-specific glycosylation-enhancing factor. However, if the same Ag-activated splenic T cells were propagated in the IL-2-containing medium in the presence of GIF T cells obtained in the cultures formed IgE-suppressive factors and OVA-specific GIF on antigenic stimulation. Thus we constructed T cell hybridomas from the Ag-activated T cells propagated by IL-2 in the presence of GIF. A representative hybridoma, 71B4, formed OVA-specific GIF on incubation with OVA-pulsed macrophages of BDF1 mice or C57B1/6 mice. However, if the same hybridoma cells were incubated with OVA alone or with OVA-pulsed macrophages of H-2k or H-2d strains, they produced GIF that had no affinity for OVA. The OVA-specific GIF bound to OVA-Sepharose but did not bind to BSA-Sepharose or KLH Sepharose. Intravenous injections of the OVA-specific GIF from the hybridoma suppressed the IgE and IgG1 anti-DNP antibody response of BDF1 mice to DNP-OVA, but failed to suppress the anti-hapten antibody responses of the strain to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, indicating that the factors suppressed the antibody response in a carrier-specific manner. However, the same OVA-specific GIF failed to suppress the anti-hapten antibody response of DBA/1 mice to DNP-OVA, suggesting that the immunosuppressive effects of the factors is MHC restricted.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Differences in neuronal lipid composition between superior cervical ganglia and nodose ganglia of the rat.

The lipid content and composition of rat superior cervical ganglia containing sympathetic motor neurons and nodose ganglia containing parasympathetic sensory neurons were studied for the first time to elucidate the mechanism of the different effects of exogenous gangliosides on these neurons in the culture medium. The ganglioside content of the superior cervical ganglia was almost 3-times that of the nodose ganglia. Although both ganglia contained GM3, GD3, GD1b and GT1b as major gangliosides, the nodose ganglia additionally contained a significant amount of sialosyllactoneotetraosylceramide LM1 (10% of total sialic acids). Contrasting with nodose ganglia, vagus fiber and dorsal root ganglia of rats, superior cervical ganglia had a higher content of sulfatide than galactosylceramide. The phospholipid content was lower in superior cervical ganglia than in nodose ganglia. Superior cervical ganglia contained less ethanolamine plasmalogen and more phosphatidylcholine than nodose ganglia. Sphingomyelin in superior cervical ganglia contained mainly medium-chain fatty acids, while that in nodose ganglia contained mainly longer-chain fatty acids. Differences in the fatty acid composition of glycerophospholipids were also observed. The results indicate that the properties of neuronal cell membranes from superior cervical ganglia and nodose ganglia are quite different, and that the differences may reflect the physiological roles of these ganglia.

Animals↗