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Biomedical subjects

M Itoh

Publications and source records attributed to M Itoh.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of anticoagulant activity for low molecular-weight heparin by chromogenic substrate. Measurement of factor Xa and thrombin activities].

We described an amidolytic method for determining the anticoagulant activity of commercially available low molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with the use of factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin (FIIa), and a chromogenic peptidyl substrate, S-2222 or S-2238. The procedures were based on the photometric determination of the inactivation of FXa and FIIa after incubation with LMWH in the presence of antithrombin III (AT III). At first, the optimal conditions of FXa and FIIa activities with respect to pH, temperature, and the amounts of AT III and LMWH-International Standards (LMWH-IS) were determined. And then, the anticoagulant activities of various LMWHs were determined under the established conditions. In the comparative study with LMWHs, significant differences were found in anti FXa and anti FIIa activities, and their ratios. The anti FIIa activity was reconfirmed to decrease with decreasing molecular weight of LMWHs. On the other hand, the anti Xa activity was, however, less dependent on the molecular weight of LMWHs.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1994

[Studies on analysis of gastric mucosal blood flow by electronic endoscopic image. Especially on atrophic gastritis].

The electronic endoscopic image of gastric mucosa was converted by image processing unit SP-1000 (A/D changed) into the one, which was treated with the color conversion method to measure the gastric mucosal hemoglobin index (Hb-index: HI). At the same time, biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa were removed from such 4 different sites as antrum lesser curvature, lower body lesser curvature, lower body anterior wall and upper body posterior wall. On pathohistological examination, the author observed the inflammatory cell infiltration, mucin production, the number and diameter of blood vessels, the degree of atrophic changes in gastric mucosa. HI values were compared with histological findings and with the degree of endoscopic appearance of blood vessel in the lower body lesser curvature. The following results were obtained. HI values were lower in the group with higher inflammatory cell infiltration and less mucin production, while the values were higher in the group with more numerous vessels and larger size ones in diameter. In the group with higher degrees of the pathohistological atrophic change and the endoscopic appearance of blood vessel, HI showed lower values.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Schwannoma of the duodenum causing melena.

A rare case of duodenal schwannoma is reported. A 69-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of melena. Endoscopy and hypotonic duodenography showed a submucosal tumor in the third part of the duodenum. Biopsy findings were suggestive of leiomyosarcoma, therefore pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the resected specimen showed interlacing bundles of spindle-shaped cells with palisading nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase, but desmin was negative, thus a diagnosis of schwannoma was made. Schwannoma is often difficult to distinguish from leiomyogenic tumors by standard staining, but immunohistochemical staining proved useful in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Increased heart rate and blood pressure response, and occurrence of arrhythmias in elderly swimmers.

Changes in the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, and the occurrence of arrhythmias after swimming were examined in 52 members of swimming classes aged 40 to 76 years. After swimming 25 m twice at a usual intensity, HR increased markedly in the subjects to 87 +/- 11% of predicted maximal HR, while the rate of perceived exertion was modest. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) also increased significantly, and SBP of 200 mmHg or higher was exclusively observed in subjects 60 years or older. After entering the pool, immersing the face and swimming, 28 subjects (54%) developed various arrhythmias. Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) was provoked or aggravated by swimming in 19 subjects. The incidence of PVC provocation or aggravation increased as SBP at rest or age increased. Swimming causes marked rise in HR and SBP in elderly subjects, and frequently provokes or aggravates PVC in older subjects and/or in subjects with higher SBP at rest.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR) in acute uncomplicated cystitis].

One hundred and fifty female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis were given 200 mg of CPDX-PR twice daily for 3-7 days to evaluate both its overall clinical efficacy and its adverse effects. In 82 cases (Group I) in which it was administered for 3 days, the overall clinical efficacy, evaluated by the criteria proposed by the Japanese UTI committee, was excellent in 64 cases, moderate in 17 and poor in one, with the effective rate being 98.8%. In 35 cases (Group II) in which it was administered for 4-7 days, the overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 18 cases, moderate in 15 and poor in 2, with the effective rate being 94.3%. The overall clinical evaluation was not performed in another 33 cases because they were given CPDX-PR for more than 8 days or 300 mg/day. Subjective adverse effects such as hoarseness and lingual inflammation were observed in only one of the 150 cases, but they disappeared spontaneously after the cessation of administration of CPDX-PR. These findings suggest that CPDX-PR is one of the most effective and safe antibiotic in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with lumbar bone metastasis with high uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxygalactose in PET].

18F-fluorodeoxygalactose (18FDGal) is a tracer for the evaluation of galactose metabolism in the tissue. PET with 18FDGal was performed in a hepatoma (HCC) patient with lumbar bone metastasis. The image at 45 min after i.v. injection of 18FDGal demonstrated very high uptake by the bone metastasis with tumor-to-surrounding normal tissue ratio of 36. The tumor uptake expressed by differential absorption ratio was much higher than that in the cirrhotic liver and kidney. The result indicated that the HCC maintained high activity of galactose metabolism and rises the potential of this tracer for detecting extrahepatic metastases of HCC using PET.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1994

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefozopran in the field of pediatrics].

Cefozopran (CZOP) was administered intravenously to 22 infants (aged 3 months to 15 years) with infections excluding suppurative meningitis in doses of 10 to 40 mg/kg 3 to 4 times daily for periods of 3 to 16 days and its efficacy and safety in infantile infections as well as pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The half-lives of CZOP after intravenous administration at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 2.84, 2.36 +/- 0.67, and 2.48 hours, respectively. The rates of recovery in the urine within 6 hours of administration were 83.6%, 62.9 +/- 23.1%, and 77.3%, respectively. The subjects for whom drug responses were evaluable consisted of 1 case of suppurative meningitis, 8 cases of respiratory tract infection, 2 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of oral infection, 2 cases of pharyngotonsillitis, 1 case of skin soft tissue infection, and 1 case of external otitis, totaling 17 cases. The efficacy rate was 88.2%. The drug proved so effective on suppurative meningitis in particular that the patient was healed without leaving any sequela behind. Seven strains were identified as causative pathogens (5 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 strain of group B Streptococcus) isolated from 6 patients. All but 1 strain were eradicated (the rate of eradication 83.3%). In the patients with suppurative meningitis the bacterial count of spinal fluid was markedly decreased 6 hours after drug administration and the organism was eradicated in 45 hours. Eruption was noted in 1 patient as a side effect of CZOP, but disappeared soon after discontinuation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effects of thyroid hormones on the lymphocyte phenotypes in rats: changes in lymphocyte subsets related to thyroid function.

The effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on the immune function were assessed in rats by the changes in lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and spleen. Hyperthyroidism was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of large doses of T4. Hypothyroid rats were prepared by total thyroidectomy followed by 131I administration. In the hyperthyroid rats, the peripheral blood helper/suppressor T cell ratio was decreased, while in hypothyroidism this ratio was increased. However, in spleen cells, this ratio was increased in hypothyroid rats as compared to normal controls. The most striking finding was an augmentation of activated T cells (transferrin receptor positive lymphocytes) in both peripheral blood and spleen cells in the hypothyroid rat. These results suggested that thyroid hormone suppressed the immune response and that a deficiency of this hormone was associated with an increase of activated T cells. These effects of thyroid hormone on the lymphocyte subsets in rats were at variance with the abnormalities that have been observed in humans with such autoimmune thyroid disease as Graves' disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Association of antibodies to Opisthorchis viverrini with hepatobiliary disease in northeastern Thailand.

The association between Opisthorchis viverrini infection and hepatobiliary disease was studied in northeastern Thailand. Positive rates of O. viverrini infection and antibody titers to O. viverrini adult worm extracts, which were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were compared among four groups: Thai patients with cholangiocarcinomas (CHCA), those with calculus cholecystitis (CCLT), endemic area victims of traffic accidents, and Japanese individuals used as negative controls. While no difference was observed between cases with CCLT and the accident victims, the CHCA group showed a significantly higher positivity rate for fluke infection and higher antibody titers than the other groups. Comparison of the positivity rates and ELISA titers among intrahepatic and extrahepatic CHCA subgroups showed that only females with intrahepatic tumors had a low positive rate and significantly lower titers, with no other significant variation being evident. From these observations, a strong association between high intensity of past and/or present O. viverrini infection and the genesis of CHCAs was apparent in the majority of cases. However, in addition to the fluke infection, other unknown exogenous or endogenous factor(s) were suggested in the female cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effects of interleukins on EGF-stimulated growth promotion in human thyroid cells: differential modifications by IL-2 and IL-6 in Graves' and normal thyroid cells.

To investigate the role of interleukins on the growth of human thyroid cells, the effect of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 was studied on EGF-induced [3H]-thymidine uptake, cell cycle by flow cytometry, and mRNA levels of cellular proto-oncogene c-fos in thyroid monolayer cells from eighteen patients with Graves' disease and sixteen with non-thyroidal disease. EGF stimulated the DNA synthesis and the expression of c-fos mRNA both in Graves' thyroid cells and in normal thyroid cells. A dose-dependent inhibition of Graves' thyroid cell growth was observed with increasing concentration of IL-2 regardless of coculture with EGF. IL-2 did not influence [3H]-thymidine uptake nor the percentage of S+G2/M phase in cell cycle in normal thyroid cells. Such effects were not modified by the elimination or addition of lymphocytes. IL-2 did not affect the EGF-induced expression of c-fos mRNA in both Graves' and normal thyroid cells. IL-6 (10(-2)-10 ng/ml) stimulated the [3H]-thymidine uptake up to 218-303 % of control level, and the percentage of cells in S+G2/M phase was increased in IL-6-treated normal thyroid cells as compared to EGF-treated cells. IL-6 did not augment these parameters in Graves' thyroid cells. When EGF was included with IL-6, the level in c-fos mRNA was further augmented in normal thyroid cells. Such an additive effect was not seen in Graves' thyroid cells. Incubation of Graves' or normal thyroid cells with IL-4 did not affect the [3H]-thymidine uptake nor the percentage of S+G2/M. These data suggest that, compared with normal cells, the growth factors (such as cytokines), may act in an opposite way in Graves' thyroid cells. The different behavior between Graves' and normal thyroid cells in response to IL-2 and IL-6 might contribute to the pathogenesis of goiter formation.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1994

Simplified nonlinearity correction of oxygen-15-water regional cerebral blood flow images without blood sampling.

UNLABELLED: A noninvasive method, the double-integration method, was developed to estimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by using 15O-water and PET. It relies on the acquisition of images with a correction of nonlinearity of brain tissue counts and can produce rCBF images on a pixel-by-pixel basis. METHODS: Oxygen-15-water PET studies were performed on five normal human volunteers, and continuous sampling from the radial artery was conducted to generate functional CBF images according to the invasive catheterization method. The method centers on a computer-based program elaborated to calculate an arterial input function with an assumption of the whole brain blood rate of 50 ml/dl/min and consequently does not require arterial catheterization or arterial input function sampled from other studies. RESULTS: The results indicate a good correlation between this method and the invasive method (r > 0.966, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This noninvasive method was demonstrated to provide an accurate estimation of rCBF and may simplify the activation studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Integrated diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma with imaging diagnosis].

Herein, we present the diagnostic efficacy of various imaging diagnostic techniques for small liver cancer(HCC) and HCC occurrence predictability by ultrasonography during the follow-up period of chronic liver diseases. During the recent 4 years, 78 nodules of small liver cancer measuring 2 cm or less in diameter were found in 50 patients with liver cirrhosis. In this study, the tumor size was divided into 2 groups; 1.5 cm or less in maximal diameter (group A) and 1.6 to 2 cm (group B). The tumor detectability of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiography and lipiodol CT in group A vs group B was 96% vs 97%, 68% vs 88%, 65% vs 94%, 12% vs 78% and 38% vs 89%, respectively. Therefore, angiography and lipiodol CT were not effective for detection of small HCCs smaller than 1.5 cm. Recently, helical CT scanning has been induced in the diagnosis of HCCs and the tumor detectability was enhanced to 82% even in group A. Additionally, helical-dynamic CT has some advantages in evaluating vascularity, especially arterial feeding which is a specific finding to HCCs. In comparison with contrast-enhanced US using CO2-microbubbles, helical-dynamic CT had equivalent accuracy in diagnosing hypervascular tumors, while hypovascular masses were observed in about 30% of group A. With respect to prediction of HCC occurrence in cirrhotic liver, sonographic evaluation of liver parenchyma seemed to be an important parameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Improved perseveration with amantadine].

We report here 3 patients who showed marked improvement of clonic and intentional perseverations following the administration of amantadine. Patient 1 had a subacute encephalitis of unknown etiology. Magnetic resonance imaging documented lesions predominantly in the bilateral putaminal and frontal subcortical areas, and positron emission tomography revealed frontal glucose hypometabolism. Daily amantadine hydrochloride of 200 mg with or without 10 mg of trihexyphenidyl, reduced his clonic and intentional perseverations. The diagnosis of patients 2 and 3 was vascular dementia with multiple subcortical ischemic lesions, and single photon emission CTs showed reduced cerebral blood flow in the frontal lobes. Their clonic perseveration subsided and intentional perseveration disappeared after the administration of 150 mg of daily amantadine hydrochloride. Associated Parkinsonism and confusional state also improved in patient 1, but not in patients 2 or 3. Amantadine increases the pre-synaptic synthesis and release of dopamine, and works as a dopamine system activator. Our findings suggest that the disturbance of dopamine system, especially meso-limbofrontal projection, has some contributions to the perseveration of these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Induction and subcellular localization of metallothionein in regenerating rat liver.

A highly specific antiserum against rat liver metallothionein (MT) was raised in a Japanese white rabbit. Using this anti-MT antiserum, we found that MT was localized in the nuclei as well as in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in newborn rats. Since it is known that these cells are growing actively, we suspected that there was a relationship between the localization of MT in cell nuclei and the cell proliferation. Therefore, the induction and subcellular localization of MT were examined in rat liver remaining after 70% removal. MT was induced in the remnant liver rapidly after the hepatectomy, its concentration being about 80-fold higher than that of the intact liver. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that MT was translocated into the nuclei from the cytoplasm of hepatocytes during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The highest MT level in the nuclei was observed 24 h after hepatectomy. MT-stained positive nuclei were in S to G2M phases of the cell cycle of regenerating hepatocytes, and the nuclei in G1 phase were not stained with anti-MT antiserum. The increase in hepatic MT levels did not directly cause MT translocation into the nuclei. These results suggested that MT was a cell cycle-dependent, nuclear protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Recent advances in imaging diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasma with special reference to early diagnosis of the cancer].

Recent advance in various diagnostic imagings has enabled the early diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. In pancreatic cancer, the tumor-demonstrability by US, CT, and MRI has reached 80% in the recent 6 years, which is superior to the rate in the past decade from 1978 and 1987. However, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is still poor even if the cancer can be resected. To improve the outcome of surgical intervention, early detection of small cancers (< or = 2 cm in diameter) and appropriate intervention based on preoperative diagnosis of the tumor extension are proposed. The tumor detectability of small pancreatic cancer by US, CT, MRI was 67%, 25%, 20%, respectively, and thus US was the most valuable tool. In the prediction of tumor extension of serosal invasion (S factor), retroperitoneal invasion (Rp factor) and vessel invasion (PV factor), both US and CT were efficacious with an accuracy of more than 70%. In conclusion, recently-advanced imaging seems to be useful for detecting a small pancreatic cancer and evaluating the tumor extension, but it remains difficult to diagnose a carcinoma in situ; a truly early cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Polygraphical sleep study on typical absence: relationship between the effect of sodium valproate and nigrostriatal function].

In order to clarify the mechanism of the effect of sodium valproate (VPA) on absence seizures, we performed sleep polygraph recordings in 10 patients with typical absence. VPA was effective in six cases (group A), partially effective in two (group B), and ineffective in two (group C). In 5 of 9 cases, the tonic sleep components were abnormal. In 4 cases, the percentage of slow wave sleep increased before administration of VPA, and did not change remarkably by its administration. In group A and B, twitch movements (TM), one of the phasic sleep components detected in the mentalis muscle on surface EMG, decreased or were unchanged after administration of VPA, especially during the REM period. In contrast, TM increased in group C. We speculate that the changes of TM (especially in the REM periods) after administration of VPA are well related to its effectiveness. Since TMs are thought to be controlled by the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, the different response of basal ganglia to VPA among cases with absence epilepsy would have some relation to the different effectiveness of VPA in controlling seizures.

Child↗