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Biomedical subjects

M Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to M Ishida.

681 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral hygiene reduces respiratory infections in elderly bed-bound nursing home patients.

In the elderly, aspiration is a common and serious problem. A procedure to minimize respiratory infections caused by silent aspiration was conducted on elderly bed-bound nursing home patients who suffered mainly from cerebral infarction and dementia. Oral care was provided by a dentist and a dental hygienist once a day and the mouth cleansed with povidone iodine by nurses after each meal to restrict respiratory bacterial infection caused by silent aspiration. In period I, neither group of patients received particular care. In period II, the A group was orally cared for and the B group was not cared for. In period III, the A group was not cared for and B group was cared for. During oral treatment for 6 months, febrile days did not improve but degradation of febrile days were prevented by oral care in a limited number of patients. We suggest that oral care may be useful to some extent in elderly patients to prevent respiratory infections.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical outcomes in juvenile retinal detachment.

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively clinical features and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in juvenile patients. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1996, 28 patients younger than 15 years of age with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (32 eyes) underwent the first surgical procedure, scleral buckling and/or pars plana vitrectomy, at our hospital. RESULTS: The major types of juvenile detachment, in order of frequency, were idiopathic, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, trauma, and high myopia. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) of grade C or D was involved in 12 cases (37.5%). Among the 12 eyes with PVR, 7 attained retinal reattachment after the first surgery with scleral buckling. The overall reattachment rate was 28/32 (87.5%) after the first operation and 30/32 (93.8%) after the second operation. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the reattachment rate and visual prognosis can be as good in juvenile retinal detachment as in adult cases, when appropriate surgical procedures are used.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Full-scale plant study on low temperature thermal dechlorination of PCDDs/PCDFs in fly ash.

The low temperature thermal dechlorination process is an effective technology of dioxins decomposition in fly ash of municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWI). A full-scale dechlorination process was designed and constructed in Matsudo city, Japan. It was confirmed that PCDDs/PCDFs decomposition ratio was more than 99% with temperature of 350 degrees C and retention time of 1 hour, and thermal dechlorination moved on from PCDDs/PCDFs having more chlorine atoms to those of less chlorine atoms.

Air Pollution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification of environmental estrogens by physicochemical properties using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis.

A structurally diverse assortment of 60 environmental estrogens was divided into two main clusters ("A", "B") and a pair of subclusters ("C1", "C2") by applying principal component analysis to selected 1D and 2D molecular descriptors and subjecting the PCs to hierarchical cluster analysis. Although clustering was predicated solely on physicochemical properties, the dependence on particular physicochemical parameters of xenoestrogen binding affinities (pK(i)) to murine uterine cytosolic estrogen receptor (ER) proved greater for compounds within (sub)clusters than for compounds between (sub)clusters. Quantitative structure-binding affinity relationships derived using molecular descriptors and PCs suggested differences in the driving forces for xenoestrogen-ER binding for different (sub)clusters. The modeling power for xenoestrogen-ER binding affinities of a combination of TLSER and WHIM 3D indices was much greater than that of combinations of 1D and 2D molecular descriptors or the PCs derived therefrom. The clusterings obtained using PCs also proved applicable to the 3D-QSARs.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid, a hepatotoxic metabolite of valproate, responsible for valproate-induced hyperammonemia?

To investigate the association between valproate metabolism (VPA) and VPA-induced hyperammonemia together with the contribution of VPA hepatotoxicity risk factors such as young age, polypharmacy, and high serum VPA levels to VPA-induced hyperammonemia, plasma ammonia (NH3) levels, serum levels of VPA and its metabolites, and biochemical parameters were determined in 98 patients treated with VPA (53 monopharmacy cases and 45 polypharmacy cases). In monopharmacy patients, plasma NH3 levels did not depend on age, VPA dosage or serum levels. Serum level of 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-en) showed a negative correlation with plasma NH3 level in the monopharmacy group. In polypharmacy patients, plasma NH3 levels, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase were significantly higher, while level/dose VPA ratio, 2-en-VPA serum level, and bilirubin were significantly lower than those in monopharmacy patients. These results suggest that young age and relatively high VPA serum levels within the therapeutic range were unlikely to be risk factors for common hyperammonemia associated with VPA therapy and that 4-en was not causally related to this adverse effect. The decreased serum level of 2-en-VPA in polypharmacy patients may be a reflection of a certain mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be a mechanism of the increased NH3 levels. The changes in biochemical parameters in polypharmacy patients were considered results of the enzyme-inducing activity of coadministered antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Associations between risk factors for valproate hepatotoxicity and altered valproate metabolism.

The effects of three risk factors for valproate (VPA) hepatotoxicity (i.e., young age, polypharmacy, and high VPA serum level) on the metabolism of VPA to its monounsaturated metabolites [2-en-VPA (2-en), 3-en-VPA (3-en) and 4-en-VPA (4-en)] were investigated in 106 patients treated with VPA (56 cases of monotherapy and 50 cases of polytherapy). In the monotherapy group, there was a significant negative correlation between age and 4-en/VPA ratio. In the same group, the 4-en/VPA ratio showed a significant positive correlation with serum VPA level, while 3-en/VPA and 2-en/VPA ratios showed significant negative correlations. In patients greater than 10 years, the 4-en/VPA ratio was significantly higher, while the 2-en/VPA ratio was significantly lower in the polytherapy group than in the monotherapy group. Our results indicate that all three risk factors clearly increase the metabolic conversion of VPA to 4-en, the most toxic VPA metabolite, and that polytherapy and high VPA serum level result in the inhibited beta-oxidative metabolism of VPA to 2-en. These altered VPA metabolic profiles are strikingly similar to the abnormal VPA metabolism previously reported in cases with fatal hepatic failure. Although VPA-induced fatal hepatotoxicity has been regarded as an idiosyncratic reaction, it is possible that these three factors enhance susceptibility to VPA hepatotoxicity by altering the metabolism of VPA.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phagosome formation in Paramecium: roles of somatic and oral cilia and of solid particles as revealed by video microscopy.

The roles of somatic and oral cilia and solid particles during digestive vacuole (DV) formation in Paramecium multimicronucleatum were investigated using video-enhanced and immunofluorescence microscopy. Membrane incorporation into DVs was found to increase linearly with increasing particle concentration. The rate of discoidal vesicle transport to the cytopharynx was not affected by particles, showing that particles are not required for membrane trafficking to the cytopharynx. However, the presence of particles leads to an increased membrane fusion between the cytopharyngeal membrane and the discoidal vesicles. When live cells lost their somatic cilia on the left-ventral side anterior to the oral region due to deciliation, membrane incorporation into newly formed DVs was strongly inhibited. Using video-enhanced microscopy, latex beads were seen to be loaded along the quadrulus on the dorsal surface of the buccal cavity, but few beads were seen next to the dorsal and ventral peniculi. Particle sequestration into a pre-formed nascent digestive vacuole (NDV) was studied in Triton X-100-permeabilized cells whose ciliary beating was reactivated by the addition of Mg-ATP. Both beat frequency and the percentage of cells containing bead-labeled NDV were dependent on the Mg-ATP concentration: the higher the beat frequency, the higher the percentage of cells with a bead-labeled NDV. These results suggest that ciliary beating is probably the only mechanism required for particle accumulation in the NDV, while a coordinated beating of the somatic cilia on the left-ventral side anterior to the oral region as well as the quadrulus moves particles into the NDV. The beating of the peniculi may somehow prevent the backward flow of particles out of the NDV.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) by angiotensin II is dependent on c-Src in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Among the angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated signal events likely to be important in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). The upstream mediators by which Ang II activates ERK1/2 remain poorly defined. Recently, we showed that Ang II activated c-Src, a nonreceptor kinase, which is a candidate to mediate Ang II signal events. To determine whether c-Src is required for ERK1/2 activation by Ang II, we studied the effects of Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors on ERK1/2 activation and also studied Ang II-mediated signal events in Src-deficient and Src-overexpressing VSMCs. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and CP-188,556, blocked Ang II-mediated ERK1/2 activation in rat VSMCs (rVSMCs). We derived Src-deficient VSMCs from the aortas of c-Src knockout mice (Src-/- mVSMCs). Basal ERK1/2 activity was lower, and activation of ERK1/2 by Ang II was significantly decreased in Src-/- mVSMCs compared with wild-type mVSMCs, whereas ERK1/2 protein expression and ERK1/2 activation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate were similar. To examine the role of c-Src further, we overexpressed wild-type or dominant-negative c-Src in rVSMCs using retroviral vectors. ERK1/2 activation by Ang II was significantly increased in rVSMCs that overexpressed c-Src, whereas ERK1/2 activation by Ang II was significantly inhibited in rVSMCs that overexpressed dominant-negative c-Src compared with control rVSMCs. These findings demonstrate that c-Src activation is required for Ang II stimulation of ERK1/2 in VSMCs and suggest an important role for c-Src in Ang II-mediated signal transduction.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serological and virological investigations fo orthomyxovirus in birds in South-East Asian area.

We have previously reported that some species of migrating ducks (pintail, mallard, widgeon and falcated teal) possess in their sera antibodies against H antigens of human or avian influenza viruses. Such findings have also been reported from other workers, and the appearance of new types of influenza viruses accompanied by outbreaks of new influenza pandemics, or circulation of influenza virus antigens in animals, birds and humans have been discussed on the basis of such findings. Recently a number of orthomyxoviruses have been isolated from wild birds such as myna, banded parakeets, etc. imported from India and some areas of South-East Asia. Some of them have H antigens not recognized previously, and some are found to have more or less common reactions with human H3 antigen, and consequently antigens Hav 7 and Heq 2, which are known to show cross-reaction with H3. The significance of such a fact in connection with the appearance of a new influenza pandemic is discussed.

Animals↗