Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma to bone in a liver transplant patient four years after liver transplantation: report of a case.
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Biopsy↗
Biomedical subjects
M Inagaki
Publications and source records attributed to M Inagaki.
Lithium chloride inhibits thrombin-induced intracellular calcium mobilization in C6 rat glioma cells.
In this study, the authors have demonstrated the effect of lithium, a typical mood stabilizer, on thrombin-evoked Ca2+ mobilization in C6 cells to elucidate the action mechanisms of the drug. Thrombin-induced Ca2 mobilization was reduced 24 hr after 1 or 10 mM lithium chloride (LiCl) pretreatment. The Ca2+ rise was reduced in a time-dependent manner, and the significant inhibition was observed 9 hr pretreatment with 10 mM LiCl. On the other hand, pretreatment of the cells with 10 mM LiCl for 24 hr did not alter the amount of Galphaq/11 significantly. Pretreatment with 10 mM LiCl for 24 hr failed to reduce the 5-HT-induced Ca2+ mobilization or to affect the desensitization of the 5-HT signal. Finally, thrombin-elicited Ca2+ rise was markedly inhibited in the presence of 0.05 U/ml plasmin, however, the Ca2+ rise was not further attenuated in the presence of plasmin in C6 cells pretreated with LiCl for 24 hr. These results indicate that pretreatment with LiCl attenuated thrombin-evoked intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in plasmin sensitive manner in C6 rat glioma cells. Thus, it is important to investigate the effect of lithium on thrombin-induced cellular responses to clarify the action mechanism of lithium in relation to some abnormality in thrombin-evoked Ca2+ rise observed in bipolar disorders.
Animals↗
Otoacoustic emission in patients with neurological disorders who have auditory brainstem response abnormality.
Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) were evaluated in 51 ears of 30 patients with a severe auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveform abnormality. Thirteen ears showed no ABR to click sound of higher intensity than 100 dBSPL (group 1). Fourteen ears exhibited only wave V or a decreased amplitude pattern of ABR (group 2). Twenty-four ears showed a predominant wave I or no wave III pattern (group 3). Almost all the ears with absent ABR showed no OAE, which strongly suggested hearing loss of cochlear origin, although one patient with alternating hemiplegia of childhood exhibited definite OAEs and auditory reactions without ABR. One patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) and her mother in group 2 had OAE abnormalities, which also suggested mild to severe hearing impairment. When OAEs are present, an accompanying ABR abnormality may be produced by brainstem dysfunction of the underlying disorder such as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. There was a significant relationship (chi-square test P<0.001) between the positivity of the distortion product OAE response and the clinical auditory reactions in 24 patients, although their ABR abnormalities did not reflect hearing impairment directly. Careful examination of both audiometry and OAEs might be necessary for further assessment of the hearing function in pediatric patients with neurological disorders and specific auditory nerve disease.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Developmental changes of distortion product and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in different age groups.
The developmental changes of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were evaluated in 275 normal subjects aged from 1 month to 39 years. The DP-grams showed an M-shaped pattern with peaks at 1587 Hz and 5042 Hz for all age groups. In subjects younger than 3 years, low frequency DPOAEs did not rise above the noise floor. The DP levels at high frequency (5042 Hz) did not change much from infancy to young adulthood (12.9-16.5 dB SPL), however, those at low and middle frequency significantly decreased with age. Total echo power (TEP) of TEOAE was greatest in early infancy, decreased rapidly before 6-7 years old, and then decreased gradually (TEP = 16.6 - 1.9 X ln (age)). Wave reproducibility was constant across age. The frequency area peak power (FAPP) to middle and high frequency sounds changed little with age, however, FAPP at low frequency sounds dramatically increased with age. FAPP at 5000 Hz was relatively depressed levels at each age. The TEOAE value was more prominent at middle and low frequencies while DPOAE was predominant at high frequencies. These two measurements may reflect different functions of outer hair cells in the developing cochlea.
Adolescent↗
Increased brain angiotensin receptor in rats with chronic high-output heart failure.
BACKGROUND: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF). In rats, we reported that CHF enhances dipsogenic responses to centrally administered angiotensin I, and central inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) prevents cardiac hypertrophy in CHF. This suggests that the brain RAS is activated in CHF. To clarify the mechanism of the central RAS activation in CHF, we examined brain ACE and the angiotensin receptor (AT) among rats with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: We created high-output heart failure in 22 male Sprague-Dawley rats by aortocaval shunt. Four weeks after surgery, we examined ACE mRNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and AT by binding autoradiography. ACE mRNA levels were not significantly increased in the subfornical organ (SFO), the hypothalamus, or in the lower brainstem of CHF rats (n = 5) compared with sham-operated rats (SHM) (n = 6). Binding densities for type 1 AT (AT1) in the SFO (P < .05), paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei (P < .05), and solitary tract nuclei (P < .05) were higher in rats with CHF (n = 5) than in SHM rats (n = 6). Thus, in rats with CHF, AT1 expression is increased in brain regions that are closely related to water intake, vasopressin release, and hemodynamic regulation. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that AT1 expression was upregulated in important brain regions related to body fluid control in CHF rats indicates that the brain is a major site of RAS action in CHF rats and, therefore, a possible target site of ACE-inhibitors in the treatment of CHF.
Animals↗
Glyceroglycolipids preventing tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced cell death from Microbacterium sp. and Corynebacterium aquaticum strains.
Galactosyl diacylglycerols M874B and S365B obtained from the recently isolated bacteria identified as Microbacterium sp. M874 and Corynebacterium aquaticum S365 were found to prevent oxidative cell death induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide. Their structures were determined to be 1,2-di-O-(12-methyltetradecanoyl)-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol and 1-O-(14-methylhexadecanoyl)-2-O-(12-methyltetradecanoyl)-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol, respectively.
Journal Article↗
Synthesis and cytokinin activity of fluorescent 7-Phenylethynylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and its riboside.
7-Phenylethynylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and its riboside have been newly developed as fluorescent carbon-substituted cytokinin analogues. Palladium-catalyzed coupling of 7-iodo-3-(tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with phenylacetylene followed by ammonolysis afforded the 7-phenylethynyl riboside via its tri-O-acetate. Acid hydrolysis of the riboside provided its free base, which showed a marked enhancement in fluorescence intensity in an aqueous alkaline solution. The free base and its riboside were more active than the corresponding 6-phenylethynylpurine and its riboside, respectively, in Amaranthus betacyanin and tobacco callus bioassays. Surprisingly, the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine base exhibited strong cytokinin activity comparable to that of N(6)-benzyladenine in the tobacco callus bioassay. This compound would be useful for studying localization and transport of cytokinins in cells or tissues of plants.
Cytokinins↗
Crystal structure and conformation of beta-substituted (Z)- and (E)-6-styrylpurines as conformer models.
Crystal structures of conformationally restricted (Z)- and (E)-6-styrylpurines with the beta-substituents involving hydrogen, chlorine, and bromine atoms as well as a methylthio group were studied as conformer models of N(6)-adenines in relation to active conformation of cytokinins. X-ray crystallographic analyses confirmed that all of the trans-isomers exist in an anti conformation, whereas the cis-isomers except the (E)-methylthio derivative adopt a syn conformation. The derivative with a bulky beta-substituent was found to be in an anti conformation in contrast to the other cis-isomers. The preferred anti conformation and potent cytokinin activity of the trans-isomers supports the anti-transoid form as the most plausible active conformation of N(6)-adenines. In addition, it is likely that the syn-cisoid form of N(6)-adenines is also involved in receptor binding, by considering both the preferred syn conformation of the cis-isomers and their moderate activity, although it does not play a major role compared to the anti-transoid form.
Crystallography, X-Ray↗
Cytotoxic lavandulyl flavanones from Sophora flavescens.
Two new lavandulylated flavanones, (2S)-2'-methoxykurarinone (1) and (-)-kurarinone (2), were isolated from the root of Sophora flavescens, together with two known lavandulyl flavanones, sophoraflavanone G (3) and leachianone A (4), and two known isoflavonoids, formononetin and l-maakiain. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of optical rotation and spectral evidence and by comparison with known compounds. Compounds 1-4 exhibited cytotoxic activity against human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Rotundines A-C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus.
Rotundines A (1), B (2), and C (3), three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, were isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods.
Alkaloids↗
Localized phosphorylation of vimentin by rho-kinase in neuroblastoma N2a cells.
BACKGROUND: Vimentin, which is one of the intermediate filaments, is the major cytoskeletal component in developing neurones or neuroblastoma cells. Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase), is rich in neurones and is found downstream of Rho. It is involved in the agonist-induced neurite retraction of neuronal cells, and phosphorylates vimentin at Ser-38 and Ser-71 resulting in in vitro disassembly of the filaments. RESULTS: We have investigated the distribution of vimentin phosphorylated by Rho-kinase in N2a neuroblastoma cells using site-specific phosphorylation-dependent antibodies. TM71 immunoreactivity, which specifically indicates Ser-71 phosphorylation on vimentin, was found in some neurites of dibutyryl cAMP-differentiated N2a cells. Transfection of the constitutively active form of Rho-kinase, CAT, significantly elevated TM71 immunoreactivity, and induced neurite retraction or cell rounding. Conversely, transfection of the dominant negative form of Rho-kinase, RB/PH(TT), or treatment of 10 microM Y-27632, a Rho-kinase specific inhibitor, abolished TM71 immuno-reactivity, and induced irregular neurite outgrowth. In contrast, 20 nM okadaic acid (OA) induced neurite retraction and specifically elevated TM71 immunoreactivity. In the OA-induced neurite retraction, tubulin disappeared in retracting neurites, where vimentin and actin remained co-localized. Furthermore, the OA-induced elevation of TM71 immunoreactivity and neurite retraction were completely blocked by pretreatment with 10 microM Y-27632, or by the ectopic expression of RB/PH(TT). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the localized phosphorylation of vimentin by Rho-kinase in neurites was closely related with the cellular morphology of N2a cells, and that the Rho-kinase activity towards vimentin was balanced with OA-sensitive phosphatases.
Amides↗
Genetic classification of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (combined HCC/ CC) is a rare form of liver neoplasms showing both hepatocellular (HCC) and bile duct differentiation (CC). In an attempt to clarify the clonality and genetic/phenotypic relationships in the evolution of these neoplasms, we microdissected multiple HCC and CC foci and studied allelic status of chromosome arms 1p, 1q, 3p, 4q, 5q, 6q, 8p, 9p, 10q, 11q, 13q, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18q, and 22q. Overall, the highest frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was seen on 4q and 17p, followed by 8p and 16q. Of the 11 cases studied, 3 cases did not show any of the identical allelic losses between HCC and CC foci, indicating the biclonal nature. The remaining 8 cases showed multiple allelic losses shared between both components, strongly suggestive of a single clonal derivation. Moreover, 4 of the 8 cases showed additional or divergent allelic losses at more than 1 chromosomal locus only in HCC and/or CC foci. Thus, this heterogeneity was shown to affect the phenotypic diversity of the tumor. Summarizing the genetic patterns, combined HCC/CC could be classified into the following 3 possibilities: (1) collision tumor in which 2 independent neoplastic clones develop at close proximity; (2) single clonal tumor with homogeneous genetic background in both components--histological diversity is thus a manifestation of divergent differentiation potential of a single clone; (3) single clonal process in which genetic heterogeneity in the process of clonal evolution within the tumor parallels histologic diversity; therefore, the tumor in this category is mainly composed of mosaics of closely related subclones.
Aged↗
Unilateral involuntary movement associated with streptococcal infection: neurophysiological investigation.
Two boys developed rhythmic involuntary movements in the extremities on one side of the body after febrile illness. They also showed behavioral disturbances. In both patients, serum antistreptolysin-O and antistreptokinase titers were elevated in acute illness and decreased a few months later. One patient showed tremorous movement, and the other choreiform movement. In the former, a surface EMG showed short-duration (30 to 60 ms), highly frequent (6 to 8 Hz) and synchronous discharges of multiple muscles, including the antagonists, suggesting myoclonic jerk. In the latter, a surface EMG showed long-duration (0.5 to 1 s), repetitive (about 0.5 Hz) and synchronous or asynchronous discharges of the antagonists, suggesting choreoathetosis. In both patients, giant somatosensory evoked potentials and high-voltage slow EEG activities were observed predominantly in the hemisphere contralateral to the involuntary movement. In the myoclonic patient, long-latency EMG responses were enhanced and cortical potentials preceding the myoclonus were present by jerk-locked back averaging technique. The present data suggest that unilateral rhythmic involuntary movements occur secondary to streptococcal infection. The pathophysiology of the involuntary movements may be associated with sensorimotor cortex hyperexcitability.
Child↗
Tumor recurrence criteria for postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography after surgical treatment of oral cancer and flap repair.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the computed tomography (CT) findings that distinguish cancer recurrence from postoperative changes that mimic such recurrence. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated a total of 72 CT scans from 32 patients who had undergone surgery with either pectoralis major myocutaneous flap or forearm flap. The observers evaluated the presence and pattern of enhancement, the presence of low density areas, and changes in the adipose tissue of the flap. RESULTS: A persistent zone of high attenuation over 6 months suggested the high possibility of recurrence. However, an enhancement within 6 months occurred both with the recurrent tumor and with postoperative tissue. In the patients with recurrence (n = 12), the enhanced areas were focal (n = 8) or diffuse (n = 4). Focal-type recurrence often occurred at the posterior margin. The presence of low-density areas and changes in the adipose tissue in the flap are also helpful for detecting recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of several features seen on CT images can be useful in differentiating tumor recurrence from postoperative tissue changes.
Adipose Tissue↗
Influenza A virus-binding activity of glycoglycerolipids of aquatic bacteria.
As the aqueous sphere has been proposed to be an important source medium for the virus infection of land animals, the glycolipids of some aquatic organisms were examined for human influenza A virus-binding activity. Active compounds were not found among the eight echinoderm gangliosides, but two active non-sialylated glycoglycerolipids were isolated from an aquatic bacterium, Corynebacterium aquaticum. The structural formula of one of them, H632A, was elucidated to be 1-14-methyl-hexadecanoyl-3-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-6-(12-met hyl-tetradecanoyl)-1-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol. The latter together with reported one elsewhere, S365A, 1-14-methyl-hexadecanoyl-3-[alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-6-(12-meth yl-tetradecanoyl)-1-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol, apparently bound to three human influenza viruses, A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), and A/Memphis/1/71 (H3N2), exhibiting 7-12% (H632A) and 10-22% (S365A) of the activities of the control substances (Neu5Acalpha2-3-paragloboside and Neu5Acalpha2-6- paragloboside). Additionally, these glycolipids were assumed to have virus-neutralizing activities for the following two reasons: (i) The hemagglutination and hemolysis activities of the viruses were inhibited by the glycolipid. (ii) The leakage of a cytosolic enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase) from Madin-Darby canine kidney cells on virus infection was prevented by the glycolipids to nearly the same extent as by fetuin. This is the first evidence of the binding- and neutralizing-abilities of native glycoglycerolipids as to influenza viruses.
Animals↗
Characterization of the binding of spike H protein of bacteriophage phiX174 with receptor lipopolysaccharides.
The spike H protein of bacteriophage phiX174 was prepared as a hexa histidine-tagged fusion (HisH). On enzyme-linked plate assaying, HisH was found to bind specifically to the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of phiX174-sensitive strains, Escherichia coli C and Salmonella typhimurium Ra chemotype, having the complete oligosaccharide sequence of the R-core on the LPSs. In sharp contrast, HisH bound weakly to the LPSs of phiX174-insensitive strains, i.e. E. coli F583 (Rd(2)) lacking some terminal saccharides and E. coli O111: B4 (smooth strain) having additional O-repeats on the R-core. The fluorescence spectra of HisH changed dose-dependently in the case of the LPS of E. coli C, the intensity increasing and the emission peak shifting to the shorter wavelength side, which was attributable to the hydrophobic interaction of HisH with the LPS. The binding equilibrium was analyzed by fluorometric titration to determine the dissociation constant K(d), 7.02 +/- 0.37 microM, and the Gibbs free energy change DeltaG(0), -29.1 kJ mol(-1) (at 22 degrees C, pH 7.4). Based on the temperature dependence of (K)d in a van't Hoff plot, the standard enthalpy change DeltaH(0) and the entropy change DeltaS(0) were calculated to be +23.7 kJ mol(-1) and 179 J mol(-1) K(-1) at 22 degrees C, respectively, and this binding was thereby concluded to be an entropy-driven reaction.
Bacteriophage phi X 174↗
Brugada syndrome characterized by the appearance of J waves.
We describe a patient with Brugada syndrome. The ST-segment elevation in precordial leads was revealed during admission, but the appearance of J waves was characteristic before ventricular fibrillation (VF), rather than ST-segment elevation. J waves have been reported to be associated with the presence of an Ito-mediated prominent action potential notch in the epicardium. It is considered that one of the mechanisms of this VF is due to heterogeneous distribution of the refractory period according to changes in K+ channels including Ito.
Adult↗
Recovery time dispersion measured from 87-lead body surface potential mapping as a predictor of sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
INTRODUCTION: The clinical usefulness of QT dispersion in 12-lead ECG has been controversial in identifying subjects at risk for sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We hypothesized that increasing the spatial resolution of the ECG improves the accuracy of risk stratification. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of recovery time dispersion measured from 87-lead body surface potential mapping (BSPM) to identify patients at risk for sustained VT in idiopathic DCM. METHODS AND RESULTS: We obtained 87-lead BSPM and 12-lead ECG in 33 patients with idiopathic DCM (15 patients with a history of sustained VT [VT(+) group] and 18 patients without a history of sustained VT [VT(-) group]) and in 20 normal control subjects. We measured the corrected QT dispersion and corrected recovery time dispersion from 12-lead ECG (QTc-12 dispersion and RTc-12 dispersion, respectively) and 87-lead BSPM (QTc-87 dispersion and RTc-87 dispersion, respectively). Signal-averaged ECG also was recorded in 25 patients. Neither the QTc-12 nor QTc-87 dispersion discriminated between the VT(+) and VT(-) groups patients. The VT(+) group patients had a larger but insignificant RTc-12 dispersion than the VT(-) group patients. In contrast, the RTc-87 dispersion was significantly larger in the VT(+) group patients than in the VT(-) group patients (236 +/- 39 msec vs 184 +/- 28 msec, P < 0.001). Receiver operating curve analysis indicated that the RTc-87 dispersion was as good as late potentials in predicting susceptibility to sustained VT; its sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were 73%, 76%, and 76%, respectively (cutoff value 200 msec). RTc-87 dispersion >200 msec combined with positive late potentials provide high sensitivity (92%) and high negative predictive value (88%) for sustained VT. CONCLUSION: The RTc-87 dispersion is a useful tool to identify subjects at risk for sustained VT in patients with idiopathic DCM.
Body Surface Potential Mapping↗