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Biomedical subjects

M Inada

Publications and source records attributed to M Inada.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunoregulatory functions of neoplastic lymphoid cells and their humoral products.

The immunologic functions of neoplastic lymphoid cells from 57 cases of lymphocytic leukemia or malignant lymphoma were examined in vitro where cells from 16 cases demonstrated regulatory functions in immunoglobulin production: 4 with helper activity, 8 with suppressor activity, 1 with presuppressor activity, and 3 with helper-inducer activity. The neoplastic lymphoid cells with such functions did not necessarily form E-rosettes, but because of the presence of human T-cell antigens, most of them appeared to be of the T-cell lineage. These regulatory functions were proven to be mediated by the humoral factor, at least in some of the cases tested. Neoplastic lymphoid cells from all 6 cases with Fc receptors showed antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but lacked natural killer activity. These studies should provide further insight into the origin of the neoplastic cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction.

To elucidate the genesis and effect of atrial fibrillation (AF), 102 patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied. Eighteen patients had AF during the first 72 hours in the coronary care unit. The hospital mortality rate was 23%. Discriminant analysis was used to determine the important variables contributing to the genesis of AF and hospital mortality based on the following variables: cardiac output, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right atrial pressure, systolic blood pressure (at admission and before the onset of AF or most abnormal value), age, location of infarction, sex and pericarditis. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right atrial pressure and age were the important factors contributing to AF, whereas pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and age were important for hospital mortality. Therefore, the hemodynamic change imposed on the left atrium and aging are the major factors related to the occurrence of AF and hospital mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Diastolic time during recovery from upright exercise in persons without heart disease.

To assess the relation between heart rate and diastolic time (cardiac cycle minus electromechanical systole) during the recovery period from upright exercise, 12 normal volunteers were studied immediately after and 2 and 5 minutes after exercise in the upright position. Although heart rate was significantly lower at 5 minutes compared with 2 minutes after exercise (106 vs 116 beats/min), there was significant shortening of diastolic time (from 251 to 230 ms) and total diastole per minute (from 28,634 to 24,220 ms/min). The explanation of this phenomenon appears to be disproportionate lengthening of diastolic time at 2 minutes after exercise, which must represent physiologic response due to increased left ventricular filling as well as continuing adrenergic effects, which would be diminished at 5 minutes. This lengthening of diastolic time also would maintain decreased subendocardial blood flow caused by increased end-diastolic volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal lesions after hypothermic restraint stress in rats.

The interrelationships of core body temperature, blood viscosity, gastric mucosal blood flow, surface pH of the corpus mucosa, and acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats after up to 3 h of hypothermic stress were investigated. Three groups of rats were studied: (a) control rats restrained at room temperature, (b) conscious rats under restraint and varying degrees of hypothermia, and (c) anesthetized rats under hypothermia. Under hypothermic stress both restrained and anesthetized rats manifested a sharp decline in core temperature, a marked increase in blood viscosity with a mirror-image decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow, a significant decline in gastric mucosal surface pH, and similar frequencies and severities of acute gastric mucosal lesions. In the control group, neither mucosal lesions nor changes in physiologic measurements were observed, except for a decline in mucosal surface pH. An increase in blood viscosity identical to that in rats subjected to hypothermia was observed in vitro when blood temperature was lowered in the viscometer. These findings indicate that hypothermia but not restraint led to an increase in blood viscosity, which in turn resulted in a decrease in mucosal blood flow and the development of gastric mucosal lesions. Also, hyperacidity was found to be a permissive factor in the pathogenesis of mucosal lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cyanide metabolism in motor neuron disease.

Cyanide concentrations in whole blood, saliva and urine were measured in 83 patients with motor neuron disease (MND) and age-, sex-matched control subjects consisting of 62 patients with and 49 without neurological disorders. Cyanide levels in whole blood and urine of MND patients were significantly higher than the non-neurological control groups in smokers and non-smokers. Cyanide levels in whole blood of MND patients were also higher than the neurologic control group in smokers, but not in non-smokers. There was no significant difference between the cyanide level and either the clinical types or degree of disability of MND. The results suggest that MND patients possess a disorder in cyanide metabolism.

Cyanides↗
PubMed1985

Clinical evaluation of urapidil, a new antihypertensive drug: preliminary findings in Japan.

The pharmacokinetics, hypotensive effects, and safety of urapidil were investigated in 22 patients with essential hypertension at four coordinated centers in Japan. The drug was administered in sustained-release capsules given twice daily. The peak plasma concentration of the drug (measured in six patients) was observed four to six hours after administration, and 60% to 70% of the peak concentration was detectable at eight hours. These findings suggest that blood pressure might be controlled by twice-daily administration of urapidil. In 14 outpatients, who received 40 to 80 mg/day of urapidil, systolic and mean blood pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) by week 4, and systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) by week 6. In four inpatients, treated with 60 to 120 mg/day of the drug for two weeks, there were significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure at day 6 and significant decreases (P less than 0.01) in diastolic and mean blood pressure at day 13. Although side effects were noted in five (23%) of the 22 patients, they were transient and slight in three; in two patients, the side effects disappeared after use of the medication was discontinued. Because the study was carried out in a small number of patients who received different dosages of urapidil over a short period of time, the optimal dosage was not established.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hypothalamic hypothyroidism due to isolated thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) deficiency.

Cold intolerance and secondary amenorrhea developed in a patient who had meningoencephalitis 4 yr prior to study. A clinical diagnosis of hypothalamic hypothyroidism was made on the basis of low serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels, and low plasma thyrotropin concentrations, which were responsive to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The secretion of the remaining pituitary hormones (growth hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropin and gonadotropins) was intact. Not only was thyroid function normalized by oral administration of TRH, but also menses resumed after adequate replacement therapy with thyroid hormone. These results imply that hypothyroidism in this patient was due to isolated dysfunction of hypothalamic TRH release.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing factor in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency due to hypothalamic and pituitary disorders.

Plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to intravenous injection of 100 micrograms synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) were studied in 4 patients with hypothalamic hypopituitarism, 2 patients with Sheehan's syndrome, 2 patients with isolated ACTH deficiency and 10 normal subjects. All 4 patients with hypothalamic hypopituitarism had exaggerated plasma ACTH responses to CRF compared to normal subjects and gradual but definite increases in plasma cortisol from low basal levels. Of 2 patients with Sheehan's syndrome, one had slight ACTH and cortisol increases after CRF injection, whereas the other had no increase in either. In 2 patients with isolated ACTH deficiency, plasma ACTH and cortisol remained undetectable (ACTH less than 10 pg/ml, cortisol less than 0.6 microgram/dl) after CRF injection. These results suggest that the CRF test is a useful tool in evaluating patients with secondary adrenocortical deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Natural killer activity of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission.

We examined the natural killer (NK) activity of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission by using several methods, including a newly established single cell assay. HNK-1 antigen-positive cells, which are now considered to assume NK activity, were not decreased in the patients, although the NK activity of the patients was found to be depressed. Neither monocyte depletion nor the addition of interferon-alpha improved the decreased NK activity of the patients. According to the results of the single cell assay, conjugate-forming cells (effector cells that form conjugates with target cells), lytic conjugate-forming cells (fractions of conjugate-forming cells that actually go on to kill target cells) and the recycling activity of NK cells were all decreased in the patients. Thus, it is apparent that there were defects in several steps of NK activity in the patients. The NK activity of 19 patients was further studied successively to investigate the correlation between NK activity and clinical course. The longest observation period was 38 months. Six bone marrow relapses of leukemia occurred, but the NK activity of these patients at the time of relapse or at the previous test was not necessarily depressed as compared to that of the other patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hypothyroidism associated with positive results of the perchlorate discharge test in elderly patients.

In 172 patients over the age of 55, determinations were made of thyrotropin concentrations in plasma. Although they showed such symptoms or signs of hypothyroidism as puffy face, dry skin, general malaise, cold intolerance, or constipation, there were no clinical indications of overt hypothyroidism. All the patients were apparently in a normal nutritional state, without any specific medication that might cause thyroid abnormalities. Seventeen (six men and 11 women, 9.9 percent) of the 172 patients, aged 58 to 83, had elevated plasma thyrotropin levels, ranging from 12.1 microU/ml to 170 microU/nl. To investigate the characteristics of hypothyroidism in the elderly, the perchlorate discharge test was performed in these patients. In 15 of the 17 patients, 123I thyroid uptake diminished markedly immediately after the administration of 1 g perchlorate. Thirteen of these 15 patients showed markedly diminished thyroxine (T4) levels in serum, whereas the magnitude of diminution in serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) values was small. Two patients with the negative discharge results showed normal T4 and T3 levels in serum. Four patients had a very small goiter, and the remaining 13 patients had no detectable goiter. Fifteen of the 17 patients had no detectable circulating thyroid antibodies in repeated determinations, and the histologic features of Hashimoto's thyroiditis were not found in the thyroid specimens obtained from two patients. These findings suggest the existence of hypothyroidism attributable to iodine organification defect without evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis in some cases in elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Induction of outer and inner ring monodeiodinases in human thyroid gland by thyrotropin.

The effects of TSH on iodothyronine 5- and 5'-deiodinations were investigated using cultured thyroid tissues from patients with Graves' disease. The addition of TSH to the culture medium stimulated all of the iodothyronine-deiodinating activities of thyroid tissues cultured for more than 4 days. Peak TSH-induced activities were found on the fifth day of culture, and increased activities were found up to 9 days. On the fifth day of culture, TSH enhanced both outer and inner ring monodeiodinations in a dose-responsive manner between 62.5 and 250 microU/ml. This stimulation by TSH was blocked by the addition of actinomycin D or propylthiouracil. Incubation of thyroid tissues with (Bu)2cAMP mimicked the action of TSH, and theophylline potentiated the action of TSH. These results suggest that TSH, in an action probably mediated by cAMP, induces synthesis of iodothyronine deiodinases in the thyroid gland.

Bucladesine↗