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Biomedical subjects

M Ikeda

Publications and source records attributed to M Ikeda.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[An assessment of physical and psychological stress of patients with facial paralysis].

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the appearance of facial paralysis and physical or psychological stress. Subjects were 55 patients (23 men, 32 women) with facial paralysis (32 with Bell's palsy, 23 with Ramsay Hunt syndrome) who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, from August 1994 to March 1996. At the time of the initial visit, patients were asked if they had any physical or psychological stress one week before the occurrence of facial paralysis. The degree of psychological stress was rated by Niina's Psychological Stress Response Scale 50 Items Revised (PSRS-50R). Answers were obtained from 52 of the 55 subjects. Forty patients (76.9%) reported that they had felt physically fatigued, suggesting some type of relationship between the occurrence of facial paralysis and physical stress. Twenty-seven patients (51.9%) reported the existence of psychological stress. However, the evaluation of psychological stress by PSRS-50R did not reveal a high level of psychological stress in any patient, indicating lack of a strong relationship between the occurrence of facial paralysis and psychological stress. Stepwise regression analyses were made to study the relationship between the degree of paralysis at the time of the initial visit and factors which affect the prognosis of the paralysis. Those patients who reported physical fatigue before the appearance of facial paralysis had more abnormal values on the nerve excitability test than those who did not report such fatigue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Simvastatin, a potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, inhibits the proliferation of human and bovine endothelial cells in vitro.

We investigated in vitro effect of simvastatin, a potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, on the proliferation of human and bovine endothelial cells (EC) compared to that of bovine smooth muscle cells (SMC). Cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with 10% normal serum (FBS). Simvastatin at concentrations ranging from 0.1 microg/ml to 10 microg/ml were used. In each kind of cells the proliferation was markedly reduced at 1 microg/ml of simvastatin (P<0.01) which was accompanied by morphological changes in the cell shape. We conclude that simvastatin inhibits the proliferation of not only the smooth muscle cells but also the endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A case of cervical myelopathy with developmental canal stenosis at the level of the atlas. A case report.

The craniocervical junction is one of the most common sites of malformations. Only three cases of myelopathy due to hypoplasia of atlas have been reported previously. Among these malformations, the hypoplasia of atlas was first described by Wackenheim in 1974. Although developmental canal stenosis due to the hypoplasia of atlas seems to have a tendency of causing the cervical myelopathy, only three cases of cervical myelopathy due to this condition have been reported previously. A 77-year-old man with severe canal stenosis at the level of the atlas is reported. The clinical manifestations were 20-year history of progressive gait disturbance and paresis of both upper and lower extremities. The spinal cord was markedly compressed at the level of the atlas. The clinical manifestations improved after a resection of posterior arch of the atlas.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Review of the new methodology of analyzing receiver operating characteristic curves.

The Dorfman and Alf algorithm based on the classic model of signal detection theory is most frequently used for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. However, several shortcomings of this method were pointed out. On these problems, in recent years, several authors have proposed the new analysis methods of the ROC curve. This paper reviews these new analysis methods, and discusses them. First, we review the general regression methodology for the ROC analysis, proposed by Tosteson and Begg. Secondly, we review the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, proposed by Dorfman et al; in this method, the jackknife method was applied to ANOVA for analyzing ROC data. Further, we give the illustrative experimental design, and discuss the application of these methods to our illustrative experiment. We indicate that we can make use of these two methods for the evaluation of diagnostic performance in our illustrative experiment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection among working women in Bangkok.

A small-scale seroepidemiological survey on hepatitis B and C virus infection was conducted in the vicinity of Bangkok, Thailand, in 1998. Adult women working in a health sciences institution were invited to participate in the study, and 52 subjects (19 to 57 years of age) volunteered to offer peripheral blood. They were non-smoking and non-habitually drinking, and about two thirds of the subjects were married. The sera from the blood samples were assayed for HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV positivities. The serum assay showed that none of the subjects was positive to HBsAg or anti-HCV, but a half of the subjects (50%) were either positive to anti-HBs, to anti-HBc or to the both, thus having experienced HBV infection in the past. The prevalence of the positivities was significantly higher among those at 35-57 years of age than those younger than 35 years. Comparison of the present findings with the results reported in literature suggested that the risk of HBV infection should have been higher than that of HCV infection, that the observed positivity of HBV infection was probably lower than ever reported, and that anti-HCV positivity should be the lowest.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Modeling pediatric head trauma: mechanisms of degeneration and potential strategies for neuroprotection.

We have developed a model for head trauma in infant rats in an attempt to study mechanisms of neurodegeneration in the developing brain and were able to morphologically characterize two distinct types of brain damage. The first type or primary damage evolved within 4 hrs after trauma and occurred by an excitotoxic mechanism. The second type or secondary damage evolved within 6-24 hrs and occurred by an apoptotic mechanism. Primary damage remained localized to the parietal cortex at the site of impact. Secondary damage affected distant sites such as the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex, subiculum, frontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampal dentate gyrus and striatum. Histological evidence of delayed cell death was preceded by decrease of bcl-2- in conjunction with increase of c-jun-mRNA-levels, already evident at 1 hr after trauma. Increase of CPP32-like activity and elevated concentrations of oligonucleosomes in affected brain regions represented additional findings to indicate that this secondary disseminated degenerative reaction is apoptotic in nature. At the age of 7 days, secondary apoptotic damage was more severe than primary excitotoxic damage, but its severity declined with increasing age. In 7-days-old rats, NMDA antagonists protected against primary excitotoxic damage but increased severity of secondary apoptotic damage whereas the free radical scavenger SPBN, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor pentoxifylline and the antioxidant N-acetylcystein mitigated apoptotic damage. These findings demonstrate that in the developing rat brain apoptosis and not excitotoxicity determines neuropathologic outcome following head trauma. Whereas radical scavengers and TNF-inhibitors may prove useful in treatment of pediatric head trauma, great caution should be applied in regards to the use of NMDA antagonists because of the inherent risk of apoptosis promotion.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[DNA and RNA contents of megakaryocytes using acridine orange staining].

We developed a new microfluorometric method to measure the DNA and RNA contents of individual megakaryocytes using acridine orange (AO) staining in human bone marrow smears. Some bone marrow smears were fixed with ethanol and treated with pretreatment solution and then stained with an AO staining solution. The DNA content was assayed by measuring the green fluorescence and the RNA content was assayed by measuring the red fluorescence under B excitation with microfluorometer using peripheral lymphocytes as the control. The ploidy peak was shown to be 16N in all of 5 normal controls, but it was 8N in the patient with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-T). There was not difference in the RNA content/DNA content ratios (RI) between each ploidy in the normal controls. The RI of the patient with RAEB-T was lower than that of the normal controls. The measurement of the DNA-RNA contents may be useful as a new megakaryocytic parameter.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of granisetron in preventing emesis due to anti-cancer drug (CDDP) administration pulmo-mediastinal malignancies--comparison of simultaneous infusion with the conventional method of administration].

For patients with pulmo-mediastinal malignancies, the antimetic effect of granisetron was studied in the following two ways. Firstly in the standard method, 40 micrograms/kg of granisetron was infused for 30 minutes, 30 minutes before CDDP infusion. Secondly, in the simultaneous method, granisetron was mixed with CDDP in a 500 microliters infusion bottle, and then infused over 0.5-3 hours. Over a 24-hour time course, significantly effective rates (nausea less than mild, and vomiting 2 times less) were 72.7% in the simultaneous group (n = 22) and 52.6% in the standard group (n = 19). The non-effective rates were 18.2% and 15.8%, respectively. Although the results were not statistically significant, the simultaneous method is easier to perform and it seems to confer a slightly better clinical outcome than the conventional method.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Does cold water truly promote diver's ear?

Ninety-seven Japanese military divers from two districts, Mutsu (Northern Japan) and Yokosuka (Central Japan), were examined for the incidence of diver's ear (exostosis of the external auditory canal). The average temperature of sea water of the two districts is different because of their latitude, but the two groups had no significant difference in diving career. The incidence of exostosis in the Mutsu (cold area) group showed a significant increase as the diving career progressed. This tendency was not seen in the Yokosuka (warm area) group. The severity of exostosis increased in divers in both districts. The incidence of exostosis in Mutsu was significantly higher than in Yokosuka. The Mutsu group also showed a higher ratio of exostosis grade 2 than the Yokosuka group. These results may support the hypothesis that cold water facilitates formation of external auditory canal exostosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A clinical phase III trial of MR-20 in gynecologic nephrotoxicity of cisplatin--a comparative study in MR-20-treated and control patients on cyclical intermittent cisplatin treatment].

UNLABELLED: MR-20 was administered to 52 gynecological cancer patients who presented with nephrotoxicity from cisplatin (CDDP) treatment over 3 courses at 33 institutions throughout Japan during the period from July 1992 through March 1994, in order to study its suppressive effect on the nephrotoxicity as well as its safety; and the results are reported in this paper. METHODS: The efficacy and usefulness of MR-20 were studied by a MR-20-untreated-controlled, non-double-blind manner. An efficacy rate of 72.0% was achieved in the MR-20 group, and 37.0% in the untreated group: MR-20 was significantly more effective for nephrotoxicity than the MR-20-untreated group. Ccr was prevented from significant variations in the MR-20 group, compared with the untreated group. It was considered that MR-20 is a safe drug, and that it is useful in suppressing the nephrotoxicity of CDDP treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Neural protective agents, propentofylline (PPF) could induce apoptotic cell death in the human glioma cells: analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax alpha/Bax beta expressions].

In the previous study, we have shown that propentofylline (PPF) could induce the cellular differentiation and apoptosis-related growth regression in the human glioma cell lines. Its biological functions were partly due to the increasing endogeneous NGF and its high affinity receptor, trk A productions. Although little has been known about the precise machinary regulating the propentofylline induced apoptosis. Recently, we have found that propentofylline could modulate some apoptosis related genes products in the glioma cell lines, i.e. NGF, trk A mRNA levels and Fas protein expressions were increased, whereas bcl-2 mRNA level was decreased. In the present study, we examined the apoptotic signal cascade, especially focusing on the expressing pattern of Bcl-2/Bax gene products. In the normal human astrocyte cells, Bax-beta was markedly expressed, whereas Bcl-2 and Bax-alpha proteins and mRNA were weakly or even nondetectable. Accordingly, Bax beta might be a dominant variant in the normal glial cells, which could have the appropriate balance of proapoptotic (Bax beta) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). In the glioma cells, we showed the over-expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax alpha compared with the normal counterparts. According to Bax dominant theory, Bax, not Bcl-2 may have a major role in regulating apoptosis by means of homodimerization. In might be implied that in the glioma cells, excessive expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax alpha would favor the formation of the Bax alpha/Bax beta heterodimer or the Bax beta/Bcl-2 heterodimer rather than the Bax beta/Bax beta homodimer, which might be presumed to be functional proteins. And finally the increasing relative ratio of Bax alpha/ Bax beta or Bax beta/Bcl-2 to Bax beta/Bax beta could allow the tumor cells to survive. Thus over-expression of the bcl-2 and bax alpha gene renders the glioma cells resistant to apoptosis. In the present study, PPF could promote Bax beta over-expression and Bcl-2 retardative expression in the glioma cells, whereas had no effect on Bax alpha expression. Therefore, PPF might promote apoptotic cell death through the mechanism that restore the glioma cells to the appropriate balance of proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins like as normal astrocytes. Our results indicated that propentofylline might have a potential role as apoptotic modulators in the human glioma cell lines, not only its protective activities against neuronal ischemic damages.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1998

[Induction of apoptosis through NGF/p75NTR in human glioma cells treated with propentofylline].

Propentofylline (PPF) is a xanthine derivative and it has been reported that PPF stimulated the synthesis/secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) by cultured astroglial cells. We have reported that PPF induced apoptosis in human glioma cells and as its mechanism, up-regulation of NGF, Fas, Bax beta and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were assumed. Recent studies demonstrated the presence of apoptosis induced via NGF/p75NTR in developmental neuron, oligodendroglia. In the present study, to examine whether signal cascade via NGF/p75NTR participates the apoptosis in human glioma cells treated with PPF, we investigated the immunohistochemical study using anti-mouse monoclonal antibody, immunoprecipitation and northern blot analysis for p75NTR, NF-kappa B in human glioma cells (U251MG, T98G, U87) treated with PPF. We observed the up-regulation of p75NTR, translocation of NF-kappa B to the nucleus after treatment with PPF in these cell lines. According to above results, it is assumed that apoptosis in human glioma cells treated with PPF was induced via NGF/p75NTR.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1998

[Japanese version of the Short-Memory Questionnaire: memory evaluation in Alzheimer's disease].

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Memory deficit is a common sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which appeared generally in the early stage of the disease. Therefore, evaluation of memory is important for management of patients and for clinical research of AD. The Short-Memory Questionnaire (SMQ), an easily administered, informant-based scale, which was developed by Koss et al. (1993), is a standardized, validated, and reliable tool to assess everyday memory problems. In the present study, we prepared a Japanese version of the SMQ and examined its reliability and validity in assessing AD patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects consisted of 42 patients with NINCDS-ADRDA probable AD whose diagnosis was made on the basis of the results of comprehensive examinations including cranial CT/MRI and SPECT and age- and education-matched 53 healthy controls. Patients had no history of stroke, head injury, or any other prior neurological events. Patients and controls were between the ages of 51 and 90 years, and they had from 6 to 16 years education. The Japanese version of the SMQ was given to a family member by either neuropsychiatrist, public nurse or case worker. To evaluate test-retest reliability of the test, interview was repeated in 16 randomly selected patients by two different examiners (neuropsychiatrist and another) in two weeks interval. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the severity of cognitive impairment. RESULT: The test-retest reliability was acceptably high with intraclass correlation coefficients. There was a high correlation between scores of SMQ and MMSE. The SMQ had excellent specificity and sensitivity in discriminating patients from controls. Caregiver appraisals of memory deficits significantly correlated with generalized cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Similarly to the original version, the present Japanese version of the SMQ is a reliable and valid tool in assessing memory function in AD, which can be effectively used in clinical settings and epidemiologic studies to screen out persons with memory problems.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Impaired cytosolic calcium mobilization and aggregation in response to collagen in platelets from Japanese black cattle with Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether impaired aggregation of platelets from Japanese Black cattle with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) was attributable to mobilization of cytosolic Ca2+. ANIMALS: 4 healthy Japanese Black cattle and 3 Japanese Black cattle with CHS. PROCEDURE: Aggregation and mobilization of cytosolic Ca2+ in response to various receptor agonists was measured in platelets from healthy cattle and cattle with CHS. Involvement of endogenous ADP and arachidonic acid in collagen-induced responses was examined. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was measured after platelets were loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura-PE3. Platelet aggregation was measured with an aggregometer. RESULTS: Collagen (3 to 15 micrograms/ml)-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and aggregation were markedly impaired for platelets from cattle with CHS, compared with values for platelets from healthy cattle. Although aggregation and the sustained phase of the cytosolic Ca2+ response to ADP were also decreased in platelets from cattle with CHS, these decreases were small, compared with those in response to collagen. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a phospholipase A2 inhibitor did not have any effect on peak cytosolic Ca2+ concentration or collagen-induced aggregation of platelets from healthy cattle. Responses to a P2 tau-purinoceptor antagonist suggested that decreased release of endogenous ADP was only partially involved in the impaired response to collagen among platelets from cattle with CHS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Marked inhibition of collagen-induced Ca2+ mobilization, rather than decreased release of endogenous substances, appeared to be the major cause of impaired platelet response to collagen and the hemorrhagic tendency in cattle with CHS.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1998

Tumor localization studies and surgical treatment in patients with insulinoma.

In the present study, we retrospectively reviewed thirteen consecutive patients with insulinomas including 2 reoperations at our department for insulinomas, from the viewpoint of preoperative localization studies, surgery and long term follow-up. The results of the preoperative localization studies proved to be percutaneous transhepatic portal venous sampling (PTPVS) 6/7, angiography 8/15, ultrasonography (US) 6/11, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) 4/4, computed tomography (CT) 3/10, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 2/2. The tumor was visualized by intraoperative ultrasonography (IUS) in 6 of 6 patients (100%). Six patients underwent enucleation, 6 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy, 2 patients underwent subtotal (80%) distal pancreatectomy, and one patient a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD). Two patients, one of whom belonged to the MEN-I group, underwent reoperations because they had multiple adenomas. The development of iatrogenic diabetes occurred in the case of 3 patients. These results suggest that the use of selected preoperative localization studies (PTPVS and probably EUS) may be very helpful for detecting insulinoma, and that IUS is an essential part of the operative exploration for insulinoma. Our data may further indicate the need for an aggressive surgical procedure in the case of multiple adenoma or insulinoma in MEN-I.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A case of abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A case of abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reported. A 45-year-old woman with a 18-year history of SLE was admitted with severe lumbago radiating to the bilateral inguinal region. CT and DSA showed a dumbbell shaped true aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. An aorto-biiliac Y shaped graft replacements was performed. SLE is rarely associated with aneurysm of the great arteries. We could find only 4 reports of abdominal aneurysm associated with SLE. Common features were the young age of the patient, the long term of the systemic disease, and administration of corticosteroid therapy for a relatively long period of time. We speculate that atherosclerosis, hypertension, and corticosteroid may all work in concert, possibly together with aortic wall involvement or vasculitic damage, to produce the rare abdominal aneurysm in SLE.

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
PubMed1998

Potential contribution of endothelin to renal abnormalities in glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats.

We studied the possible participation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pathogenesis of renal damage in glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF). Cortical mRNA expression of ET-1 increased, peaking at 10 hr postinjury, but this did not occur in the medulla, plasma concentration and urinary excretion of ET-1 also increased in this model. There was no change in ETA receptor mRNA, whereas the ETB receptor tended to be down-regulated in the kidney after glycerol administration. In situ hybridization study demonstrated that elevated expression of prepro ET-1 was predominantly localized in cells in the proximal tubules of the nephritic kidney. The administration (30-3 mg/kg) of S-0139, (+)-disodium 27-[(E)-3-[2-[(E)-3-carboxylatoacryloylamino]-5-hydroxyphenl ]acrylayl oxy]-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oate, an ETA selective antagonist, after initiation of insult offered dose-dependent prevention against ARF, demonstrating preventing of renal function impairment and mortality. These findings indicate that ET-1 participates in the pathogenesis of acute tubular injury in glycerol-induced ARF and that ETA antagonist may be useful in the treatment of some types of human ARF.

Acute Kidney Injury↗