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Biomedical subjects

M Iida

Publications and source records attributed to M Iida.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[The effects of fish supplementation of platelet function, count and metabolism in healthy Japanese].

To investigate changes in platelet function, count and metabolism following fish intake among Japanese, we conducted an experimental intervention study of seven healthy Japanese volunteers (4 males and 3 females) aged 28-58 years. We supplemented their diets with an approximate daily intake of 200-400 g fish which is equivalent to about 10 g n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (about 3.5 g eicosapentaenoic acid plus 5.0 g docosahexaenoic acid) during the 17 days. The study continued until the 23rd day after returning to an ad libitum diet. The proportion of serum n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids increased two-fold on 5th day and three-fold on 15th day of fish supplementation, but decreased to one and a half-fold on the 2nd day and returned to the level before fish supplementation on the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. The proportion of serum n6-polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased by 17% to the level before fish supplementation on the 5th day, 33% on the 15th day of fish supplementation. However, the decrease was only 10% on the 2nd day and the proportion returned to the same level as before fish supplementation on the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. As a result, the serum n3/n6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio increased four-fold on the 15th day of fish supplementation, and returned to the baseline level on the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. Platelet counts decreased and the mean platelet volume increased during fish supplementation. Both parameters returned to the level before fish supplementation on the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. The counts and proportion of large type platelets increased significantly during fish supplementation. Although platelet aggregation by ADP (adenosine 5'-diphosphate) did not change significantly, platelet aggregation by collagen tended to decrease during fish supplementation. Platelet factor 4, one of the indices of platelet activity, decreased significantly during fish supplementation. The mean serum triglyceride level declined during fish supplementation, but returned to the level just before fish supplementation on the 2nd day after returning to an ad libitum diet. The mean plasma fibrinogen level tended to decline during fish supplementation and remained lower until the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. Habitual fish intake may attenuate the development of atherosclerosis and prevent ischemic heart disease through suppression of platelet activity, and by reducing platelet counts and serum triglyceride levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A study on the concentration of eosinophil cationic protein in chronic sinusitis].

The relationship between eosinophil and chronic sinusitis was investigated by measuring the concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). In addition to the blood, a cytological brush was inserted into middle meatus to scrape the nasal membrane, and the concentration of ECP in the collected specimen was measured. There was a moderate degree of correlation between the blood eosinophil count and the ECP concentration in the blood (r = 0.543, p < 0.01). On the other hand, there was high degree of correlation between the number of EG2-positive cells and ECP of the nasal membrane in the middle meatus (r = 0.805, p < 0.001), reflecting the amount of ECP in the nasal mucous membrane. The ECP in 10 control group subjects and 14 patients with severe chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps was significantly lower than that in 14 patients with severe chronic sinusitis and asthma (p < 0.01). The ECP concentration of the nasal membrane in the middle meatus was significantly lower in patients showing a good postoperative course compared with patients showing a poor postoperative course following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that eosinophils are closely related to the pathology and clinical course of chronic sinusitis, and that the ECP concentration of the nasal membrane in the middle meatus reflects the pathology of chronic sinusitis. The ECP concentration thus has potential as a prognostic indicator for chronic sinusitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Cochlear implantation in children with inner ear malformation and postoperative performance].

Cochlear implantation in children with cochlear malformation is on the rise. However, only one case has been reported in Japan. The objective of this paper is to report the authors' experiences with cochlear implants in children with cochlear malformations and, to investigate the morphological classification of cochlear malformation, surgical procedure, complications, and speech perceptions after implantation. Five children (6 ears, including 1 Usher's syndrome and 1 CHARGE association) with congenital inner ear malformations were implanted with multichannel cochlear implants (Nucleus Mini 22 device) between 1994 and 1998. Malformations included common cavity deformity 2, and incomplete partition 4. On the other hand, 4 cases with incomplete partition deformity underwent cochlear implantation by the transmastoid facial recess approach, 2 patients with common cavity deformity received implantation by the transmastoid labyrinthotomy approach. Complications such as facial twitching, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gusger, and flap-related problems were encountered. Facial twitching occurred in 1 of 2 patients with common cavity where the electrode array extended into the internal auditory canal. CSF gusher was encountered in 1 of 4 patients with incomplete partition, and revision surgery was performed one week later. One patient had delayed cochlear implant infection and a split pericranial flap was used to cover the defect in the skin flap. Within 6 months, however, the revised pedestal site broke down because of recurrent flap infection. Finally, the cochlear implant was explanted, and the patient underwent a new cochlear implantation in the contralateral ear. All the patients had satisfactory speech reception and word acquisition, but still poor phonetic expression.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗
PubMed1999

[Factors relate to participation in medical checkups in a rural community an analysis including social network scores].

Since 1969, community-based stroke prevention programs have been conducted in N town, Kochi prefecture. To clarify factors related to participation in medical checkups including social networks, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed on 6,704 residents aged 40 and over in N town in 1996. 1. Location of the workplace, types of medical insurance and interest in health were significantly associated with participation in medical checkups. 2. Participation in medical examinations provided at the workplace was significantly, inversely related with participation rates in community checkups in the group aged 40 to 59 years. 3. Low independence level in daily activities was inversely associated with participation rates for medical checkups in groups aged 60 years and older. 4. Visiting medical facilities was inversely associated with the participation rate for medical checkups in female groups. 5. The group with the highest social networks score (5 points) had the highest participation rate for medical checkups. After adjusting for other participation related factors, social networks scores had a significantly positive association with the participation rate for medical checkups provided by the Health Services for the Elderly Act.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Questionnaire survey on the prescribing practice of Japanese psychiatrists for mood disorders.

The answers to a questionnaire on the practical prescription in mood disorders from 298 Japanese psychiatrists was obtained. As the first-line treatment, a majority of respondents chose newer tricyclic agents (TCA) or non-TCA for moderate depression and older TCA for severe depression both with and without psychotic features. Combination therapy with antidepressants and anxiolytics was fairly popular in moderate depression, while antidepressant/neuroleptic combination was more common in severe psychotic depression. Sulpiride was the most favored drug for dysthymia. Although lithium was the most popular for bipolar mania, respondents were divided on the treatment of bipolar depression.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1999

Frequent viral infections and delayed CD4+ cell recovery following CD34+ cell-selected autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

This study compares the reconstitution of T-lymphocyte subsets and the incidence of infections following CD34+ cell-selected autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) (n = 15) and unselected auto-PBSCT (n = 16). In the CD34+ cell-selected auto-PBSCT group, the mean count of CD4+ cells had significantly decreased at 30 days after transplantation compared with pretransplantation, and did not reach the safe minimum level of 0.2 x 10(9)/l even at 90 days after transplantation. Compared with unselected auto-PBSCT, CD4+ cell reconstitution after CD34+ cell-selected auto-PBSCT was significantly delayed within the first 90 days after transplantation. Cytomegalovirus infections developed more frequently after CD34+ cell-selected auto-PBSCT than after unselected auto-PBSCT (nine patients vs. two patients, P = 0.0057). Hemorrhagic cystitis due to adenovirus type 11 infections developed in three patients who underwent CD34+ cell-selected auto-PBSCT. Positive correlation between the counts of reinfused CD34+ cells and the counts of CD4+ cells were found at 90 days after CD34+ cell-selected auto-PBSCT. No significant difference was found in the frequency of viral infections, however, between patients transplanted with > 2 x 10(6)/kg of CD34+ cells and those transplanted with < 2 x 10(6)/kg of CD34+ cells. Careful monitoring for viral infection is necessary after CD34+ cell-selected auto-PBSCT.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Changes in 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium in a community-based heath education program on salt reduction].

PURPOSE: To examine changes in urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and sodium/potassium ratio in a community-based health education program on salt reduction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The surveyed community was Kyowa town (census population in 1985 = 16,792) where we have conducted a community-based blood pressure control program since 1981 and health education on reduction of salt intake since 1983 for primary prevention of hypertension. A 24-hour urine collection was conducted for systematically selected samples of the participants aged 40-69 in cardiovascular risk surveys in 1982-86 (early period) and in 1990-94 (later period) to estimate changes in urine excretion of sodium, potassium, and sodium/potassium ratio. RESULTS: A 24-hour urine collection was available for 565 persons (410 men and 155 women) in 1982-86 and 1,461 persons (571 men and 890 women) in 1990-94. A decline in mean sodium excretion was larger in ages 40-49 than in other age groups, and for ages 40-69 combined, the decline was 0.9-1.1 g per day for men and women. Mean sodium excretion declined to 10 g or less per day for men and women aged 60-69. Mean potassium excretion did not change except for men aged 60-69 with an increase in potassium. Sodium/potassium ratio tended to decline for women aged 40-49, and declined significantly for other sex-age groups. A larger reduction in sodium excretion was seen among persons with a history of hypertension compared to those without it. CONCLUSIONS: A significant reduction in urinary excretion of sodium and sodium/potassium ratio was observed in a community-based health education program. Men and women aged 60-69 reached a recommended level of 10 g or less in sodium intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[An autopsy case of pericallosal lipoma with mental retardation].

The patient was a 69-year-old male who had visited our psychological department due to mental retardation. Pericallosal lipoma was indicated by MRI taken during treatment. On December 30, 1998, the patient fell from steps and struck his forehead hard, and then limb palsy occurred. He was emergently brought to our hospital. Under the suspected diagnosis of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury, preventive therapy was performed to observe the clinical course in which paralysis gradually improved. On January 22, 1999, however, he died of cardiopulmonary arrest due to sudden suffocation. In general, the connection of choroid plexus lipoma and pericallosal lipoma is bilateral in most cases. In our patients, MRI suggested that a connection with cerebral ventricles through choroidal fissure existed with no right and left difference, however, autopsy findings revealed that the lipoma existed along the left cerebral arch with obvious connection only with the left choroid plexus. The present case seemed to be a very rare case.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

EMG responses in lower leg muscles elicited by head-taps.

Forehead-taps elicited short-latency motor responses in the lower leg muscle which, together with vestibulocollic reflexes, might contribute to multisensory control of posture. We tested this paradigm in human subjects standing upright in order to determine if the responses differed depending on whether the taps were to the forehead or temporal bone. Forehead-taps elicited short-latency inhibitory EMG responses in both gastrocnemius muscles with a mean latency of 48 to 99 ms. The right or left temporal bone-taps elicited short-latency inhibitory EMG responses in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle of 47 to 77 ms, short-latency excitatory EMG responses in the contralateral gastrocnemius muscle of 46 to 78 ms, and short-latency excitatory EMG responses in the contralateral tibialis anterior muscle of 48 to 78 ms. The temporal bone-taps elicited short-latency inhibitory EMG responses in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle and excitatory EMG responses in the contralateral gastrocnemius muscle, which were thought to be generated by vestibular afferents and convergent with vestibular input for the multisensory control of posture.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Circulating leptin did not associate with the development of the hyperglycemia accompanied by insulin insensitivity in spontaneous noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus model Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty rats.

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, has been reported to regulate feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Plasma leptin concentration was strongly correlated with body fat content in humans. It is well known that increased body fat content is accompanied by insulin insensitivity. In order to study the relationship between serum leptin level and metabolic variables, we performed caloric restriction on Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The male OLETF rats were allocated at random to three groups: 100% group, and 85% and 70% groups (which consumed 85% and 70% of the amount of food consumed by the 100% group, respectively). A significant correlation between serum leptin level and the body fat content, body weight, triglyceride, and fasting plasma glucose was observed. Using a partial correlation analysis to control for body fat content, however, the correlation between serum leptin and these variables disappeared. No significant changes in serum leptin levels were observed before and after a 1 h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test. In conclusion, serum leptin was significantly correlated with body fat content rather than fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and insulin sensitivity. This suggests that circulating leptin per se may not result in hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity in the OLETF rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of functional domains of Wilson disease protein (ATP7B) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Wilson disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism characterized by the toxic accumulation of copper in the liver. The ATP7B gene, which encodes a copper transporting P-type ATPase, is defective in patients with Wilson disease. To investigate the function of ATP7B, wild type or mutated ATP7B cDNA was introduced into a yeast strain lacking the CCC2 gene (delta ccc2), the yeast homologue of ATP7B. Wild type and the H1069Q mutant could rescue delta ccc2, however, the N1270S mutant could not, reflecting phenotypic variability of Wilson disease. In addition, the mutant containing only the sixth copper binding domain could rescue delta ccc2, indicating its functional importance.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1998

Restoration of holoceruloplasmin synthesis in LEC rat after infusion of recombinant adenovirus bearing WND cDNA.

Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by the excessive accumulation of copper in the liver. WND (ATP7B) gene, which encodes a putative copper transporting P-type ATPase, is defective in the patients. To investigate the in vivo function of WND protein as well as its intracellular localization, WND cDNA was introduced to the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, known as a rodent model for Wilson's disease, by recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene delivery. An immunofluorescent study and a subcellular fractionation study revealed the transgene expression in liver and its localization to the Golgi apparatus. Moreover, since the synthesis of holoceruloplasmin is disturbed in the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, the plasma level of holoceruloplasmin, oxidase-active and copper-bound form, was examined to evaluate the function of WND protein with respect to the copper transport. Consequently, the appearance of holoceruloplasmin in plasma was confirmed by Western blot analysis and plasma measurements for the oxidase activity and the copper content. These findings indicate that introduced WND protein may function in the copper transport coupled with the synthesis of ceruloplasmin and that the Golgi apparatus is the likely site for WND protein to manifest its function.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1998

Alcohol intake and premature coronary heart disease in urban Japanese men.

To examine the relation between alcohol intake and the incidence of coronary heart disease among Japanese, the authors analyzed data from a prospective study of 8,476 Japanese male employees, who were 40-59 years old at baseline (between 1975 and 1984) and worked for 13 urban companies in Osaka, Japan. These men were followed until the end of 1993, on average, an 8.8-year follow-up. Eighty-three coronary heart disease events (54 myocardial infarction, 32 angina pectoris) occurred during the employment period under study. Compared with the risk of coronary heart disease for never drinkers, the age-adjusted relative risk for those with an increased ethanol intake was lower, but the risk did not appear to be reduced further with the intake of > or = 69 g of ethanol per day. The multivariate relative risk adjusted for age, serum total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, body mass index, left ventricular hypertrophy, and a history of diabetes mellitus was 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-2.86) in exdrinkers, 0.69 (95% CI 0.37-1.29) in drinkers of 1-22 g/day of ethanol, 0.55 (95% CI 0.29-1.05) in drinkers of 23-45 g/day, 0.41 (95% CI 0.19-0.88) in drinkers of 46-68 g/day, and 0.59 (95% CI 0.23-1.51) in drinkers of > or = 69 g/day. The inverse association with alcohol intake was similar between myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. Alcohol intake seemed to prevent the premature incidence of coronary heart disease among urban Japanese middle-aged men.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Influence of calcium on proliferation and phenotype alteration of cardiomyocyte in vitro.

An accelerated weight gain is noted in the heart of Ca-deficient, hypertensive chick embryos maintained in a shell-less culture in vitro. We previously observed that the Ca handling property of cardiomyocytes isolated from the shell-less embryo is altered, i.e., faster Ca uptake, suggesting a requirement for adequate Ca supply and/or proper Ca handling in embryonic cardiac development. In this study, we have examined the function of Ca on cardiomyocytes by analyzing the effects of 1) various Ca concentration in the culture medium (NCa, 1.8 mmol/ L; HCa, 2.8 mmol/L; LCa, 0.9 mmol/L), and 2) various modulators of Ca handling on cell proliferation and phenotype regulation in chick embryonic cardiomyocytes. The analytical parameters included cell number, DNA content, expression of cell cycle-specific and cardiomyocyte-specific proteins, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities. Cell number and total DNA were significantly larger (P < 0.01) in LCa cultures compared with those in NCa. The level of LDH was elevated (P < 0.01), but that of CPK was lowered in LCa. Expression of the G1-S-specific protein PCNA was raised, but that of the contractile proteins myosin and tropomyosin was substantially suppressed in LCa; in HCa, the cells did not proliferate as well, whereas the level of contractile proteins was higher. Thapsigargin, a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-specific, Ca-ATPase inhibitor, simulated the effects of LCa by enhancing cell proliferation and lowering the expression of tropomyosin. These results suggest that culturing in low Ca concentration and inhibition of SR Ca pumping enhance myocardial cell proliferation and suppress sarcomeric protein expression, perhaps by inducing cellular de-differentiation. The in vitro effects of medium Ca concentration and Ca handling modulators on cardiomyocytes also suggest that the in vivo cardiomegaly of the SL embryos is a direct result of Ca-deficiency, and that Ca is important in the phenotype regulation of cardiomyocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Microcirculation of kidney and skin during left ventricular assisted circulation--comparative studies of pulsatile and nonpulsatile assists].

We examined microcirculation of the kidney and skin over a six-hour period in an acute myocardial infarction model in pigs. The outflow cannula was placed in the ascending aorta, the inflow cannula was placed the in left atrium, and a pump was connected to each (pulsatile group, Zeon Medical pneumatic pump; nonpulsatile group, Nikkiso HPM-15). Items examined included the regional blood flow of the cortex and medulla in the kidney and skin, renal and carotid arterial flow, arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR), lactate/pyruvic acid (L/P), BUN, creatinine, and beta 2-microglobulin. After the experimental study, the major organs were removed and a pathological study was performed. The mean aortic pressure after the assist could be maintained at about 100 mmHg. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean aortic pressure and total cardiac output. Under assisted circulation, the pulse pressure was maintained at about 15 mmHg in the nonpulsatile group and about 40 mmHg in the pulsatile group. After the assist, there were no significant differences in the carotid arterial blood flow between the two groups. However, there were significant differences between the two groups in the renal arterial, renal cortical, and regional skin blood flows. In the laboratory data, there were significant differences between the two groups in AKBR, L/P, and beta 2-microglobulin. Pathological findings on the kidney in the nonpulsatile group showed expansion of the proximal tubes, retention of red blood cells, and expansion of blood capillaries within the glomerulus. On the other hand, the pulsatile group showed almost normal formation. In the lungs, the nonpulsatile group showed edematous change in the air cells and the pulsatile group showed almost normal formation. The results of the previous and current study indicated that the pulsatile assist produced superior circulation in the kidney and peripheral organs and superior cellular metabolism in the early treatment of acute left cardiac failure. On the other hand, nonpulsatile assisted circulation was found to be ineffective in maintaining the circulation in the body, and to be potentially capable of causing irreversible damage of major organs if continuous for more than three hours. The results also indicated that pulsatility was necessary to maintain normal circulation in the peripheral organs and cellular metabolism in the early treatment of acute left cardiac failure.

Animals↗