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Biomedical subjects

M Iida

Publications and source records attributed to M Iida.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Ten year recurrence after first ever stroke in a Japanese community: the Hisayama study.

BACKGROUND: Very few population based cohort studies have focused on the long term recurrence of stroke. OBJECTIVE: To examine 10 year cumulative recurrence rates for stroke in a Japanese cohort according to pathological type and clinical subtype of brain infarction. METHODS: During a 32 year follow up of 1621 subjects >/=40 years of age, 410 developed first ever stroke. These were followed up prospectively for 10 years after stroke onset. RESULTS: During follow up, 108 (26%) experienced recurrent stroke. The cumulative recurrence rates were 35.3% at five years and 51.3% at 10 years. The 10 year recurrence rates of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), brain haemorrhage, and brain infarction were 70.0%, 55.6%, and 49.7%, respectively; the difference between SAH and brain infarction was significant (p = 0.004). Most recurrent episodes after SAH or brain haemorrhage happened within a year after the index stroke, whereas recurrence of brain infarction increased consistently throughout the observation period. Cardioembolic stroke had a higher recurrence rate (75.2%) than lacunar infarction (46.8%) (p = 0.049). The 10 year risk of stroke recurrence increased with age after lacunar or atherothrombotic brain infarction, but not after the other types or subtypes. After atherothrombotic brain infarction, cardioembolic stroke, or SAH, the type and subtype of most recurrent strokes were the same as for the index stroke, but recurrence after lacunar infarction or brain haemorrhage showed divergent patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese people have higher recurrence rates of stroke than other populations. Recurrence rate after a first brain infarct increases consistently through the next 10 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with polyarteritis nodosa.

We present a case of classical polyarteritis nodosa (PN) overlapping thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). A 70-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital because of general fatigue and fever. On admission, laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis, normochromic normocytic anemia and renal dysfunction. About one week later, she developed disturbance of consciousness, and laboratory findings revealed rapidly progressive thrombocytopenia and renal dysfunction. We suspected the presence of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), based on mild elevation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). On post-admission Day 11, renal biopsy was performed but the diagnosis of MPA could not be confirmed because of the absence of glomerular crescent formation or vasculitis. However, the biopsy specimen showed many collapsed glomeruli and interstitial inflammation, indicating the presence of occlusive lesions, such as vasculitis in larger arteries. We instituted methylprednisolone pulse therapy, cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange, because the clinical symptoms also satisfied the criteria of TTP. Despite the intensive treatment, the patient died on 43rd day of hospitalization due to thalamic hemorrhage. Autopsy showed typical findings of classical PN including disruption of arterial walls and fibrinoid necrosis in the medium-sized arteries of the kidneys and colon. We detected reduced activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (VWF-CP) and the presence of plasma inhibitory IgG against VWF-CP. A better understanding of the mechanisms would be useful.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Type 2 diabetes and risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke in Japanese men and women.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes and risk of ischaemic stroke in Asian populations. METHODS: We conducted a 17-year prospective cohort study in 10,582 Japanese individuals (4287 men and 6295 women) aged 40-69 years living in five communities in Japan. All subjects were free of stroke and CHD at baseline. Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose level of >/=7.0 mmol/l, a non-fasting glucose of >/=11.1 mmol/l, or receiving medication for diabetes. RESULTS: The risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke was approximately two-fold higher in diabetic subjects than in subjects with normal glucose levels. The multivariate relative risk after adjustment for age, community, hypertensive status, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (TSF and SSF), and other known cardiovascular risk factors was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.2) for men and 2.2 (1.2-4.0) for women. This excess risk was primarily observed among non-hypertensive subjects and individuals with higher values for measures of adiposity (BMI, TSF and SSF values above the median), particularly those with higher values for SSF. The association between non-embolic ischaemic stroke and glucose abnormality was particularly strong among non-hypertensive subjects with higher SSF values: the multivariate relative risk was 1.9 (1.0-3.7) for borderline diabetes and 4.9 (2.5-9.5) for diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In this cohort, type 2 diabetes was a significant risk factor for non-embolic ischaemic stroke, particularly in non-hypertensive and non-lean individuals. Due to the nationwide decrease in blood pressure and increase in mean BMI among the Japanese population, with current levels approaching those observed in Western countries, the impact of glucose abnormalities on risk of ischaemic stroke represents a forthcoming public health issue in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Metal ion absorption of carboxymethylcellulose gel formed by gamma-ray irradiation. For the environmental purification.

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is well known as a safe and biodegradable material, which is widely used as food additives, wash paste, etc., in our daily life. Aiming at the environmental purification of this eco-friendly substance, the authors have investigated Cu2+ absorption property of CMC gel that was crosslinked by irradiating with gamma-rays without toxic crosslinker. The CMC gel has revealed to capture Cu2+ of which number depends on the gamma-ray dose as well as the CMC concentration, indicating the chelation by carboxyl group at the end of the side chain.

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of diagnostic methods for diabetes mellitus based on prevalence of retinopathy in a Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aims of this study were to compare the ability of tests measuring fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose and HbA1c levels in predicting specific diabetic retinopathy, and to determine the cut-off level of each measurement for diagnosing diabetes in a Japanese population. METHODS: In a total of 1637 subjects, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were measured in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and diabetic retinopathy was assessed by ophthalmic examination. We calculated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves as well as the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy by deciles of the distribution of these glycaemic measurements. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 37 (2.3%) had diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of retinopathy dramatically increased in the tenth decile of each variable. Analysis with ROC curves showed that the optimal cut-off levels for diagnosis of diabetes were 6.4 mmol/l for fasting plasma glucose, 11.1 mmol/l for 2-h plasma glucose, and 5.7% for HbA1c. The sensitivities for the cut-off point of the three measurements were identical (86.5%), and the specificities were similar (fasting plasma glucose 87.3%; 2-h plasma glucose 89.6%; HbA1c 90.1%). The area under the ROC curve for 2-h plasma glucose (96.1%) was slightly but not significantly larger than that for fasting plasma glucose (90.0%) and that for HbA1c (94.5%). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: . Our findings suggest that measuring fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c is just as useful as measuring 2-h plasma glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes, and that the cut-off point for diagnostic fasting plasma glucose level is lower than that of the current diagnostic criteria.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2004

Study on anti-androgenic effects of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and their derivatives using cells stably transfected with human androgen receptor, AR-EcoScreen.

We studied in vitro hormonal activity of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), which are used as a material of interior coating for food cans. We also examined related compounds such as 2,2-bis[4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (BADGE.2HCl), and bis[4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]methane (BFDGE.2HCl) etc. For this purpose, we constructed two stably transfected CHO-K1 cell lines (AR-EcoScreen for androgenic activity and c-luc for cell toxicity evaluation). One stably expresses luciferase with induction of androgen. The other stably expresses luciferase without androgen induction. Also, we have determined the androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of the test chemicals by reporter gene assay with these cell lines. None of the chemicals tested by this assay exhibited androgen agonistic activity. However, BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl had the conspicuous antagonistic activity for androgen. These compounds had a high binding affinity for androgen receptor. Furthermore, these two compounds did not show the estrogenic activity in vitro assays. On the contrary, bisphenol A and bisphenol F exhibited anti-androgenic activity in vitro in addition to the estrogenic activity. These results suggest that these chlorohydroxy compounds of BADGE and BFDGE act as androgen antagonist through the process of binding to androgen receptor.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed2004

Improvement of blood pressure control in a hypertension clinic: a 10-year follow-up study.

The objective of the study was to assess whether the publication of new guidelines, such as JNC VI 1997 and WHO/ISH 1999, and the development of new antihypertensive drugs have improved blood pressure (BP) control. A total of 150 patients (age 29-88, mean 66+/-11 years in 2001) who were followed at our hypertension clinic during 1991-2001 were retrospectively investigated. We compared the clinical characteristics of the patients in 2001 to those in 1991 and 1996, using the averaged BP determined at two occasions each year for our analysis. The average BP decreased during the 10 years between 1991 and 2001. When good BP control was defined as <140/90 mmHg, the rate of patients with good BP control increased from 31% in 1991 to 43% in 1996, and to 57% in 2001 (P<0.001 vs 1991). Both younger (< or =64 years) and older (> or =65 years) patients showed similar improvement during these 10 years. In 2001, satisfactory BP control (<130/85 mmHg) was achieved in 24% of younger patients, which was significantly higher than the achievement in 1991 (10%, P=0.02). This improvement occurred at the same time as an increase in the prescription of Ca antagonists and angiotensin II antagonist. The patients with improved BP control during these 10 years (n=50) showed lower body mass index (BMI) and serum total cholesterol levels in 2001 compared to persistently uncontrolled patients (n=54). Furthermore, the change in BMI during these 10 years was significantly less in the patients with improved BP control than in the persistently uncontrolled patients. In conclusion, BP control improved in the 10 years studied, and it seems to be attributable to the more frequent use of the newer drugs such as angiotensin II antagonists and Ca antagonists, to lifestyle modification and also to the growth in awareness of the importance of strict BP control.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Small invasive colonic cancer occurring in a hyperplastic polyp.

We report a case of advanced colon cancer which was supposed to have arisen from a hyperplastic polyp in a 68-year-old man. Colonoscopy revealed a depressed reddish area with a surrounding elevated lesion that was of a faded color compared with the normal mucosa. After the mucosal surface had been sprayed with crystal violet dye, magnifying colonoscopy showed an amorphous area in the central depression and the surrounding, slightly elevated lesion had an asteroid pattern. The depressed area was therefore considered to be a colonic cancer surrounded by a hyperplastic polyp. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed that the lesion was infiltrating further than the deep submucosal layer and it was therefore decided to treat the patient by laparoscopically assisted right hemicolectomy. The depressed lesion was found to be a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma invading the muscularis propria (diagnosed as IIc + IIa-like advanced adenocarcinoma). The surrounding flat elevated lesion was found to be hyperplastic mucosa. No adenomatous lesions were found. There have been few reported cases in which a preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma in a hyperplastic polyp has been made, but the possibility of carcinogenesis from hyperplastic polyps has come under consideration recently. This case was considered to be important because it raises the possibility that nonpolypoid cancer can develop from a hyperplastic polyp.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Changes in Helicobacter pylori status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

BACKGROUND: The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients during treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is still unclear. METHODS: By means of endoscopy and biopsy, gastroduodenal lesions and H. pylori status were repeatedly examined in 88 RA patients at intervals ranging from 26 to 49 months. Histology and culture were applied to determine H. pylori status. Serial changes in gastroduodenal lesions and histologic score for mucosal atrophy were compared among groups classified by initial and second H. pylori status. RESULTS: There were 28 patients with continuously positive H. pylori infection (CP group), 33 patients with continuously negative H. pylori infection (CN group), 7 patients in whom H. pylori status became negative (PN group), and 20 patients in whom H. pylori status could not be determined (UD group). Age, duration and species of NSAID, disease activity of RA, gastroprotective drugs applied and the prevalence of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions were not different among the groups at either the initial or the second examination. In the PN group, the score for mucosal atrophy at the second examination was significantly lower than at the initial examination, whereas no difference was found for the CP, CN and UD groups. Overall, histologic score for mucosal atrophy was higher in H. pylori-positive patients than in H. pylori-negative patients at both initial and second examination. CONCLUSIONS: In RA patients using NSAIDs, H. pylori infection may not affect the course of gastroduodenal lesions and activity of RA, but the infection contributes to mucosal atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Incidence and prognosis of gastric cancer in a population-based cohort survey: the Hisayama study.

BACKGROUND: No population-based cohort studies have been undertaken to evaluate the incidence and prognosis of gastric cancer. The purpose of this investigation was to clarify the incidence and fatal prognosis of gastric cancer and to determine the factors that contribute to the prognosis in a general Japanese population in Hisayama using a prospective study design. METHODS: From 1988 to 1998 a total of 2605 subjects aged 40 years or older with no history of gastrectomy or gastric cancer were followed-up prospectively after a health examination. The diagnosis of gastric cancer was based on clinical records or autopsy findings. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 76 subjects developed gastric cancer. The age-adjusted incidence of gastric cancer for men (4.9 per 1000 person-years) was 4-fold higher than that for women (1.2, P < 0.05). In men, the incidence of gastric cancer increased with advancing age, but this trend was not observed in women. The age- and sex-adjusted 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in cancers of the middle third of the stomach than in those of the upper third of the stomach. The survival rate was higher in cancers of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma than in those of the other histological types. There were no cases of cancer-related death among the early gastric cancers during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that men are at higher risk of gastric cancer than women in the general Japanese population. Clinical stage, histological type, and site of cancer in the stomach contribute to a fatal prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Smoking cessation and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

AIM: To elucidate the relationship between glycaemic control, blood pressure and body-weight change after smoking cessation in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: We examined HbA(1c), blood pressure and body weight in 15 type 2 diabetic patients before, 6 and 12 months after quitting smoking. Sixteen type 2 diabetic patients who did not quit smoking served as control. RESULTS: Body weight slightly increased after quitting smoking. Although HbA(1c) levels showed no change in the control group, those in patients who quit smoking significantly increased (6.8 +/- 0.3% before quitting smoking; 7.4 +/- 0.3% 6 months after quitting smoking, p < 0.05; 7.8 +/- 0.4% 12 months after quitting smoking, p < 0.001). Fasting blood glucose also increased in patients who quit smoking. The increase in body weight after quitting smoking did not correlate with the deterioration of glycaemic control. Diastolic blood pressure showed no change in control, whereas that in patients who quit smoking increased at month 12 (69 +/- 3 vs. 76 +/- 3 mmHg, p < 0.01). The increase in HbA(1c) at month 12 after quitting smoking correlated with body mass index before quitting smoking (r = 0.72, p < 0.005) and serum triglyceride before quitting smoking (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Glycaemic control and diastolic blood pressure deteriorated in type 2 diabetic patients after quitting smoking. Type 2 diabetic patients who want to stop smoking need a caution to prevent deterioration of glycaemic control and blood pressure after quitting smoking.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2004

Non-specific multiple ulcers of the small intestine unrelated to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

AIM: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) enteropathy is a cause of chronic blood and protein loss from the intestine. The aim of this investigation was to compare NSAID enteropathy with enteropathy not related to chronic NSAID use. PATIENTS/METHODS: During the period 1967-97, 12 cases of non-specific small intestinal multiple ulcers were laparotomised because of chronic and persistent blood loss for a prolonged period. The clinical features before and after surgery, and the small intestinal lesions, were compared between NSAID users and non-users. RESULTS: Three patients were NSAID users and the other nine were not. Initial clinical manifestations, haemoglobin concentrations, serum protein values, and inflammatory reactions were similar in the two groups. In both groups there were multicentric stenoses in the small intestine. In those not using NSAIDs, the stenoses were accompanied by multiple, sharply demarcated small ulcers with minimal and non-specific chronic inflammatory infiltrates. The small intestinal ulcers in NSAID users showed linear and circumferential alignment. NSAID users were free from medication during the subsequent period of observation, whereas repeated laparotomy and medication were required in eight of the nine patients not using NSAIDs. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a chronic enteropathy, not related to the use of NSAIDs, in which non-specific multiple ulcers are found. This enteropathy may be a distinct entity that causes persistent blood and protein loss from the intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The severity of periodontal disease is associated with the development of glucose intolerance in non-diabetics: the Hisayama study.

Inflammation is hypothesized to play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes; however, reports on clinical inflammatory conditions are limited. Studies have suggested that periodontitis affects glucose control in diabetics. This community-based study examined the relationship between periodontitis and glucose tolerance status, including changes in status. The relationship between periodontal condition and the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was examined in 961 adults in 1998. Deep pockets (mean pocket depth > 2.0 mm) were significantly associated with impaired glucose tolerance and with diabetes as compared with shallow pockets (< 1.3 mm). In the subgroup with normal glucose tolerance 10 years previously, subjects who subsequently developed impaired glucose tolerance were significantly more likely to have deep pockets. Deep pockets were closely related to current glucose tolerance status and the development of glucose intolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Immediate hemodialysis after percutaneous transvenous angioplasty increases patency rates of arterio-venous fistula.

BACKGROUND: It was reported that pathogenesis of access failure of hemodialysis patients through progressive stenosis was followed by thrombosis. Nonionic contrast media increase platelet degranulation within an angioplasty-damaged vessel by releasing procoagulant molecules, which might contribute to acute thrombosis and restenosis. An adequate level of heparin provides satisfactory thrombin inhibition during routine angioplasty. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of immediate hemodialysis after percutaneous transvenous angioplasty (PTA) to remove nonionic contrast media or other factors while injecting heparin continuously. METHODS: From September 9, 1998 - May 15, 2002, successful PTAs were performed in 66 patients with arteriovenous fistula who were not given any inhibitors of platelet aggregation. Hemodialysis was performed in 31 cases immediately after PTA, and in the remainder, hemodialysis was performed the next day. Patients were randomized and fistula patency rates were compared in these 2 groups on March 20, 2004. RESULTS: The patency rates after PTA in patients who were dialyzed immediately, were significantly higher than those who were dialyzed the next day (p = 0.0120). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate hemodialysis after PTA is an effective way of increasing the patency of arteriovenous fistula for reasons which are not clear. This observation will need to be corroborated in subsequent studies using a larger sample size.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Self-reversal phenomena of toroidal current by reversing the external toroidal field in helicity-driven toroidal plasmas.

In order to understand self-organization in helicity-driven systems, we have investigated the dynamics of low-aspect-ratio toroidal plasmas by decreasing the external toroidal field and reversing its sign in time. Consequently, we have discovered that the helicity-driven toroidal plasma relaxes towards the flipped state. Surprisingly, it has been observed that not only toroidal flux but also poloidal flux reverses sign spontaneously during the relaxation process. The self-reversal of the magnetic fields is attributed to the nonlinear growth of the n=1 kink instability of the central open flux.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Development of 50 gene-associated microsatellite markers using BAC clones and the construction of a linkage map of swine chromosome 4.

The development of informative polymorphic markers is essential for QTL mapping. We developed 50 microsatellite markers from BAC clones containing genes that were predicted to map swine chromosome 4 (SSC4) according to comparative analysis between human and swine chromosomes, and constructed a linkage map that consisted of 37 markers including 24 markers closely linked to genes in BAC clones. Microsatellite markers were developed by direct-sequencing of BAC clones and our results demonstrated that this method was effective for developing microsatellite markers in specific regions on chromosomes. Effective development of microsatellite markers closely linked to genes can further accelerate the comparative studies of chromosomes between different species.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

CCR4 is an up-regulated chemokine receptor of peripheral blood memory CD4+ T cells in Crohn's disease.

Several chemokine receptors are expressed selectively on the surface of T cells depending on their polarization. The aim of this study was to characterize chemokine receptor expression in peripheral blood memory T cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and to correlate the expression with disease activity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 24 patients with CD, 30 patients with UC, 24 normal controls and 10 disease controls. PBMCs were stained by anti-CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CXCR3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO and beta 7 integrin, and the expression of the chemokine receptors were determined by flow cytometry. CCR4 expression on memory T cells was significantly lower in UC than in CD or normal controls, and that of memory CD4+ T and beta 7(high) memory CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in CD than in UC or normal controls. CCR4 expression on memory CD4+ T cells exhibited significant positive correlation with disease activity in CD, and this decreased significantly after treatment. Such a decrease was not found in the disease controls. CCR5 and CXCR3 expression on memory CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in CD than in normal controls. CXCR3 expression on beta 7(high) memory CD4+ T and CXCR3 expression on memory CD8+ T cells were lower in UC than in normal controls. These findings suggest that in peripheral blood memory T cells, chemokine receptor expression is different between CD and UC. Enhancement of CCR4 and suppression of CCR5 and CXCR3 seem to be the characteristic chemokine receptor profile in peripheral blood memory T cells of CD.

Acute Disease↗