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Biomedical subjects

M I Shaff

Publications and source records attributed to M I Shaff.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the acute abdomen.

CT is a noninvasive investigation that in many instances is more sensitive in elucidating intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal disease than is conventional radiography. With modern scanners, the procedure is rapid and efficient and suitable for the most severely ill and infirm. The scans are easily interpretable, and the anatomic and morphologic depiction of disease is readily understood by those with surgical training. Information regarding the state of the bowel wall, mesentery, and intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal structures is displayed in greater detail than by any other diagnostic imaging modality. The use of intravenous contrast medium is rarely essential. The concentration of iodinated contrast needed for opacification of the bowel is no greater than 2 per cent to 5 per cent and will not complicate bowel surgery, as would standard upper gastrointestinal or barium enema studies. Abscess, free air, calcium, and intraperitoneal fluid are very sensitively detected. CT is extremely useful in aiding surgical decision making in the acute abdomen and is complementary to or has replaced conventional studies.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1988

Cat-scratch disease: report of a case with liver lesions and no lymphadenopathy.

The usual presentation of cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a subacute regional lymphadenitis following cutaneous inoculation. We present the case of a 10-yr-old white female with a 4-wk history of abdominal pain and fever, without associated lymphadenopathy. A 67Ga scintigram showed inhomogenous uptake by the liver. An abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed multiple low density lesions in the liver and the spleen, that were confirmed at laparotomy. Stellate microabscesses were seen on a wedge biopsy of the liver and a CSD antigen skin test was positive. CSD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions, even in the absence of lymphadenopathy. This case emphasizes the importance of inhomogeneous 67Ga uptake by the liver.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

Diagnosis and control of diverticular bleeding by arteriography and vasopressin infusion. A report of 2 cases.

Large-bowel bleeding usually arises from either angiodysplasia or colonic diverticula. Diverticular bleeding is more common in the right or the transverse colon, even though diverticula are more common on the left. Arteriography in these patients may identify the bleeding site, and in some cases vasopressin infusion controls the bleeding. Embolization of the large bowel is not recommended because of the danger of necrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The accelerated diagnosis of jaundice with ultrasonography and narrow-needle cholangiography.

The accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of jaundice in 70 patients has been compared with that of transhepatic cholangiography and the results of surgery and liver biopsy. A simplified system of grouping the ultrasonic data is presented. The results indicate that ultrasonography is capable of differentiating obstructive from non-obstructive jaundice in 94% of cases and of defining the correct anatomical level in 85% of cases. The accuracy of narrow-needle cholangiography was 100% for obstructive jaundice and 66% normal duct entry rate for non-obstructive jaundice.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1979

A radiological approach to infertility--hysterosalpingography.

The hysterosalpingograms of 98 patients with infertility were reviewed with reference to technical problems, radiological features of each pathology and accuracy of reporting. Findings were confirmed by review of the reports of laparotomy or laparoscopy on all patients. Of the total number of fallopian tubes investigated (196), 70 hydrosalpinges were correctly diagnosed from a total of 77. Agreement between HSG and operation was achieved in 123 of 127 fallopian tubes with peritubal adhesions, in all six of those with cornual spasm and in eight with cornual occlusion. In 16 of 20 fallopian tubes with partial distal occlusion, reporting was correct. With the potential accuracy of HSG diagnosis, we contend that it should be a preliminary procedure in every case, and in many may be the only investigation of tubal patency required prior to surgery or conservative management.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasonic diagnosis of thanatophoric dwarfism in utero.

There are several types of short-limbed neonatal dwarfism. Before the delineation of thanatophoric dwarfism many dwarfs who died early in infancy were labeled "achondroplastic." Intrauterine radiological diagnosis is possible and the clinician may be alerted to the possibility of the condition by noting short squat limbs with a relatively large head on ultrasound examination, especially in cases of hydramnios.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Percutaneous embolization for the management of hepatic artery aneurysms.

The significant mortality and morbidity of hepatic artery aneurysms indicate the need for new approaches to therapy. Seven cases of intrahepatic aneurysms diagnosed by percutaneous arteriography over a 7-yr period are discussed. Three patients were treated surgically and 4 by percutaneous embolization. The latter method appears to enjoy certain advantages and it may prove to be the treatment of choice for this often fatal condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

An accelerated diagnostic approach to surgical jaundice.

A clear distinction between obstructive and hepatocellular jaundice is difficult in many patients. Biochemical and clinical findings may cause confusion and result in long delays in diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasonography is a major advance in the positive identification of patients with dilated intrahepatic ducts, whether or not the gall bladder is dilated. Isotopic imaging also may be useful in identifying obstructive jaundice. If percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) is performed soon after, the site and nature of the obstruction will become evident. Another advance is the introduction of a sheathless narrow needle for PTC. This reduces the possibility of complications and has the advantage of being able to puncture a normal, undilated biliary tree in as many as 60% of cases, ruling out an obstructive cause. The use of these newer radiological investigations will appreciably shorten the period between the onset of jaundice and the ascertainment of its cause.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1975

An evaluation of the radiological signs of fetal death.

Radiological investigation is warranted in the antenatal patient only if the findings are likely to influence future management. The major radiological signs of fetal death are gas in the fetus, overlapping of the cranial bones and Deuel's halo sign. Gas patterns in the portal and umbilical vessels are unique and pathognomonic. Deuel's halo sign would be found more commonly if the correct radiographic view was employed. Spalding's sign is of no value before 20 weeks or if the fetal head is subjected to pressure. Hyperflexion of the fetus more often indicates intra-uterine growth retardation than death in utero.

Female↗