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Biomedical subjects

M I Rowe

Publications and source records attributed to M I Rowe.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Reduction of neonatal heat loss by an insulated head cover.

When exposed to a cool environment, the newborn infant responds by nonshivering thermogenesis. The increased heat production is at the expense of body fuel and energy stores. A significant quantity of heat is lost from the head because of its large surface area and the high metabolic activity of the neonatal brain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dry cranial heat loss could be significantly reduced by covering the head with highly insulated material, and to determine whether plastic lined hats decreased evaporative heat loss. A total of 46 fullterm and premature infants were studied. Hats insulated with material made of olefin and polyester reduced cranial dry heat loss by 73% and 63%. Plastic lined hats reduced evaporative heat loss by 68%. The insulated and lined hats proved to be a simple and safe method of effectively reducing dry and evaporative heat loss.

Alkenes↗
PubMed1982

Prevention of water and heat losses from the exposed intestine.

Intestinal exposure results in increased evaporative water and heat losses. The losses are inversely proportional to ambient relative humidity. The purposes of this study were to quantitate water and heat losses from the exposed intestine and to test the plastic bag as a device to reduce these losses. Seventeen piglets were studied. Over a 2 hr period, evaporated losses were considerable--water 96 ml/m2 and heat 56 cal/m2. Prior to placing the intestine in a plastic nonpermeable bag, the exposed intestine lost 54.8 g/m2/hr at an ambient relative humidity of 41.3%. When the intestine was placed in a plastic bag, the relative humidity within the bag rose rapidly to 92.3% and evaporative water and heat losses fell to 0. It was concluded that placing the intestine in a plastic bag allowed the water vapor that escaped from the bowel surface to accumulate about the intestine, raising the relative humidity close to 100% and thereby markedly reducing further evaporation and water and heat losses.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Transepidermal water loss in the infant surgical patient.

Evaporative water loss from skin of the newborn surgical patient is a critical factor in overall water balance and an important source of heat loss. We studied 15 infant surgical patients under the following clinical conditions: (1) exposed babies; (2) infants covered by cloth drapes and lying on a cloth blanket; (3) infants covered by a plastic drape and lying on a cloth blanket; (4) babies lying on a plastic sheet and covered by a plastic sheet; and (5) infants placed in a plastic bag. This study demonstrated that evaporative water loss of the infant surgical patient can be significantly reduced by placing impermeable plastic sheets over and under the baby. This allowed water vapor to accumulate about the baby, increasing the relative humidity and reducing the evaporative water loss. An even further reduction in transepithelial water loss was accomplished by utilizing a plastic bag.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed1981

Inguinal hernia and hydrocele in infants and children.

Forty senior pediatric surgeons were surveyed regarding difficult decisions in the management of inguinal hernia. Areas covered were diagnosis, surgical techniques, hydrocele, incarceration, the contralateral side of a clinically apparent inguinal hernia, and inguinal hernia in the premature baby. The lack of agreement on many questions indicates that more than one approach may be effective in managing problems associated with hernia and that rigid policies are unwarranted.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in shock and resuscitation.

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2), arterial oxygen tension, pulse, blood pressure, cardiac output and base excess or deficit were serially measured in 18 piglets, 7 to 14 days of age, subjected to a 35% hemorrhage and reinfusion of shed blood. Eight of 18 pigs died. There is a strong correlation between TcPO2 and PaO2 during normal flow, but a marked discrepancy develops during hemorrhage. Cardiac output, base deficit, and TcPO2 all follow a similar pattern during hemorrhage, but TcPO2 decreases more rapidly and remains at a low level in the nonsurviving animals. TcPO2, therefore, appears to be a sensitive, noninvasive indicator of low flow and the adequacy of resuscitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A critical appraisal of two common "neonatal" experiment subjects.

A comparative study of 11 physiologic variables in 200 piglets and puppies during the first 7 days of life was done. Seven of 11 physiologic variables significantly changed in the 1st wk of the piglets' life. Five of 11 variables significantly changed in the first week of the puppies' life. Six of 11 variables were significantly different when the newborn piglet was compared to the newborn puppy. The rate and/or direction of 7 of 11 physiologic changes during the first day of life were significantly different when the piglet was compared to the puppy. It was concluded that there are marked physiologic differences between: the newborn piglets and the 7 day old piglet; the newborn puppy and the 7 day old puppy; the newborn piglet and the newborn puppy and the "maturation" rate of the piglet and the puppy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Profile of pediatric drowning victims in a water-oriented society.

Drowning accounts for 32% of all pediatric accidental deaths in Dade County, Florida. Swimming pools, primarily home pools, are the most common site, 38%; followed by canals, 27%; lakes, ponds and rockpits, 13%; and the ocean and bay, 11%. The majority of drowning victims could not swim and were dead at the scene of the accident. Most pool victims were white, male, and 3 years old. Most victims were thought to be engaged in a non-pool related activity before the accident. Children who drowned in lakes, ponds, and rockpits, canals, and the ocean and bay were usually of school age and unsupervised. Black children had a higher rate of drowning than white children in these sites. Recommendations to prevent drowning: 1) Community education programs; 2) Safety fence around the perimeter of swimming pool; 3) Higher water levels in pools; 4) Investigation of "drown-proofing" instructions for preschool children; 5) Mandatory swimming and water safety instructions in public schools; 6) More supervised public swimming sites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Colloid versus crystalloid resuscitation in experimental bowel obstruction.

The physiologic effects of fluid resuscitation were studied in 20 piglets with advanced small bowel obstruction. Two solutions were compared: 5% albumin in normal saline and normal saline. Animals resuscitated with albumin-containing solution showed higher serum colloid oncotic pressure, greater loss of peritoneal fluid, lower urine output, and progression of muscular dehydration, when compared to animals resuscitated with similar volumes of normal saline solution.

Albumins↗
PubMed1976

Distal neonatal intestinal obstruction: the choice of contrast material.

The use of barium sulfate as the contrast agent of choice in the radiographic evaluation of distal neonatal intestinal obstruction is advocated. The advantages of Gastrografin or other water-soluble contrast materials are far outweighed by their disadvantages, which include the hazards of hypertonic dehydration and the danger of missing the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Five patients are presented, all of whom had the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease missed in the neonatal period with one use of Gastrografin enemas. All five were subsequently admitted to the Surgical Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, critically ill with enterocolitis of Hirschsprung's disease.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1976

Clinical evidence of intestinal absorption of Gastrografin.

Experimental evidence suggests that Gastrografin in the neonatal gastrointestinal tract leads to hypertonic dehydration by two mechanisms: loss of water from the circulating blood volume, and absorption of osmolarly active substances across intact, normal mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical documentation of absorption of Gastrografin is presented. Renal excretion of contrast material was seen following its use in the treatment of meconium ileus.

Diatrizoate↗
PubMed1975

The early diagnosis of gram negative septicemia in the pediatric surgical patient.

Ninety-three postoperative patients 1 day to 13 years of age had blood cultures, limulus lysate assay, determination of fibrin degradation products, white blood cell and platelet counts. Seven groups were studied. The limulus lysate assay was often positive (64%) in the presence of gram negative septicemia but there were false positives and negatives. The tests for fibrin degradation products were inconsistent. The white blood cell count was low in babies with gram negative septicemia. One hundred per cent of the infants with gram negative septicemia had a platelet count below 150,000; 71% below 100,000 (average 67,000 septic babies, 257,000 non-septic babies). The drop in platelet count with gram negative septicemia was abrupt---as much as 222,000 in 24 hours. Platelets increased when therapy was effective. Two children with gram negative septicemia had platelet counts of 50,000 and 20,000. The platelet count for patients with gram positive septicemia was 299,000, and above 150,000 in all children with ruptured and non-ruptured appendicitis and major surgery without gram negative septicemia. It was concluded that serial measurements of platelet count in the postoperative infant and child was a rapid and reliable method for early detection of gram negative septicemia and changes in platelet count in response to treatment was an indicator of the effectiveness of therapy.

Abdominal Muscles↗